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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3445-3452 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission versus voltage operating characteristics of a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well light modulator have been measured at temperatures between 4.3 and 290 K. At 4.3 K, the linewidth of the heavy-hole exciton absorption is 1.3 meV, and the modulation ratio is greater than 1000 at a 9-V bias. At room temperature, the exciton resonance is broadened to 5.3 meV by phonon scattering and the maximum modulation ratio is 4.93 at 12 V. The measured temperature and voltage dependence of the exciton absorption energies, linewidths, and intensities have been used with a simple model for the modulator's optical transmission to calculate the operating characteristics as a function of material quality. The upper limit on the room-temperature transmission modulation ratio is estimated to be 5.4 for a device fabricated from 100 quantum wells of width 100 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of ethanol from cheese whey lactose has been demonstrated using a single-stage continuous culture fermentation with 100% cell recycle. In a two-step process, an aerobic fed batch operation was used initially to allow biomass buildup in the absence of inhibitory ethanol concentrations. In the anaerobic ethanol-producing second step, a strain of Kluyveromyces fragilis selected on the basis of batch fermentation data had a maximum productivity of 7.1 g ethanol/L/h at a dilution rate of 0.15 h-1, while achieving the goal of zero residual sugar concentration. The fermentation productivity diminished when the feed sugar concentation exceeded 120 g/L despite the inclusion of a lipid mixture previous shown to enhance batch fermentation productivities.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1989-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The development of two 256 by 256 hybrid HgCdTe focal plane array (FPA) families is described, and their performance is discussed. The hybrid FPAs employ a PV HgCdTe detector array and custom Si CMOS readouts. The PACE-1 process was used to fabricate the detectors, whereby the liquid phase epitaxial growth of HgCdTe occurs on sapphire substrates buffered by a layer of CdTe. The performance characteristics of the detector arrays are given. A tactical 256 by 256 CMOS readout is tested, in which a high functional yield was achieved. Updated test results are given for a 256 by 256 readout circuit developed for use in an orbital replacement instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope. The characterizations of several MWIR and SWIR FPAs were thorough and shown to be reliable. The pixel yield, maximum FPA responsivity nonuniformity, and SWIR FPA read noise for the tests are given. The high contrast and insignificant fixed pattern noise of the imagery from the MWIR 256 by 256 FPA are emphasized. These qualities were obtained when the device was operating at 80 k and utilizing f/2 optics with an 8-in. focal length and a 4.4 micron high pass filter.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays; Apr 18, 1990 - Apr 19, 1990; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: text
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