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  • 1
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    Ekman and Eddy Exchange of Freshwater and Oxygen across the Labrador Shelf Break (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-01
    Description: Transport of freshwater from the Labrador Shelf into the interior Labrador Sea has the potential to impact deep convection via its influence on the salinity of surface waters. To examine this transport, the authors deployed two underwater gliders on a mission to traverse the continental shelf break multiple times between 5 July and 22 August 2014, the period when Arctic meltwater has historically peaked in transport down the Labrador Shelf. The field campaign yielded a unique dataset of temperature, salinity, and oxygen across the shelf break to a depth of 1000 m at unprecedented spatial resolution. Two mechanisms of cross-shelf transport were examined: Ekman transport and transport due to mesoscale eddies. Ekman transport is quantified using satellite wind stress and near-surface hydrographic properties, and eddy-induced transport is scaled using a parameterized eddy diffusivity and thickness gradients of layers of uniform potential density, as well as the tracer gradients along those isopycnals. Both the Ekman and eddy terms transport high-oxygen and low-salinity water from the shelf to the Labrador Sea during the field campaign. The influence of the eddy-driven oxygen flux from the shelf to the Labrador Sea on oxygen budgets depends strongly on the size of the region over which this eddy flux converges. The deduced offshore transport of freshwater (4 ± 6 mSv; 1 mSv = 103 m3 s−1) from both Ekman and eddy mechanisms, which is likely at a seasonal maximum during this summertime survey, represents about 3% of the annual-mean freshwater flowing through Hudson and Davis Straits but may be an important component of the total freshwater budget of the interior Labrador Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 2
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    Collaborative Automation and IoT Technologies for Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: Coastal observing systems are typically nationally funded and built around national priorities. As a result, there are presently significant differences between countries in terms of sustainability, observing capacity and technologies, as well as methods and research priorities. Ocean observing systems in coastal areas must now move toward an integrated, multidisciplinary and multiscale system of systems, where heterogeneity should be exploited to deliver fit-for-purpose products that answer the diversity and complexity of the requirements from stakeholders and end-users. Essential elements of such distributed observation systems are the use of machine-to-machine communication, data fusion and processing applying recent technological developments for the Internet of Things (IoT) toward a common cyberinfrastructure. This perspective paper illustrates some of the challenges for sustained coastal observations and provides details on how to address present gaps. We discuss the role of collaborative robotics between unmanned platforms in coastal areas and the methods to benefit from IoT technologies. Given present trends in cost-effective solutions in ocean sensors and electronics, and methods for marine automation and communication, we consider that a distributed observation system can effectively provide timely information in coastal regions around the world, including those areas that are today poorly observed (e.g., developing countries). Adaptation in space and time of the sensing nodes, and the flexibility in handling different sensing platforms can provide to the system the ability to quickly respond to the rapid changes in oceanic and climatic processes, as well as to promptly respond to evolving stakeholder and end-user requirements.
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-7745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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  • 3
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    Ocean Wave Measurement Using Short-Range K-Band Narrow Beam Continuous Wave Radar (2018)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Description: We describe a technique to measure ocean wave period, height and direction. The technique is based on the characteristics of transmission and backscattering of short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar at the sea surface. The short-range K-band radar transmits and receives continuous signals close to the sea surface at a low-grazing angle. By sensing the motions of a dominant facet at the sea surface that strongly scatters signals back and is located directly in front of the radar, the wave orbital velocity can be measured from the Doppler shift of the received radar signal. The period, height and direction of ocean wave are determined from the relationships among wave orbital velocity, ocean wave characteristics and the Doppler shift. Numerical simulations were performed to validate that the dominant facet exists and ocean waves are measured by sensing its motion. Validation experiments were conducted in a wave tank to verify the feasibility of the proposed ocean wave measurement method. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the short-range K-band narrow beam continuous wave radar for the measurement of ocean waves.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Experimental Investigation of Ocean Wave Measurement Using Short-Range K-Band Radar: Dock-Based and Boat-Based Wind Wave Measurements (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-06
    Description: In this paper, an ocean wave measurement technique and a newly developed short-range K-band radar are tested. In previous work, the technique and its feasibility were studied based on numerical simulations and wave tank experiments, while its performance at sea was still unknown. Surface current, Stokes drift, and wave breaking can greatly complicate interpreting radar backscatters. The feasibility of the technique needed to be further investigated with sea experiments. Experiments were carried out at a stationary site and from a moving platform. The short-range K-band radar transmitted continuous wave and received backscatters at low-grazing angles. The Bragg-scattering from the radar’s effective footprint dominated the backscatters. The Doppler shift frequency of the Bragg-scattering was attributed to the phase velocity of Bragg waves and modulated by the surface motions induced by current, Stokes drift, platform, and gravity waves. These sources of the Doppler shift frequency were analyzed, and the components induced by wind waves were successfully retrieved and converted into wave spectra that were consistent with the measurements of wave rider buoy. The experimental investigation further validated the feasibility of using short-range K-band radar to measure ocean waves.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    A Conceptual Framework for Developing the Next Generation of Marine OBservatories (MOBs) for Science and Society (2018)
    Frontiers Media
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-07
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-7745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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  • 6
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    A simulator developed for a twin-pod AUV, the Marport SQX-500 (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6058
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-0342
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Coordinating sustained coastal and ocean observing systems in Germany (2019)
    In:  EPIC3OceanObs'19 conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2019-09-16-2019-09-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
    Description: The strategic approach to coordinate coastal and open ocean observations in Germany is introduced. The German Marine Research Consortium (KDM) aims at bringing together the marine science expertise of its member institutions and collectively presents them to policy makers, research funding organizations, and to the general public. Several strategic groups (SGs), composed by national experts, have been established under the KDM umbrella in order to coordinate scientific and technological aspects of German Marine Research. Two of these groups, namely the SG for sustained ocean observing systems and the SG for coastal observing systems aim at coordinating on a national level the variety of marine observing efforts. The activities of the SGs address technological challenges and solutions for observations, the current and future observing needs and the seamless integration of Germanys observing efforts into the European and global observing initiatives. The presented poster will introduce the members of the working group and their observing systems, as well as the goals of KDM.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Coordinating sustained coastal and ocean observing efforts in Germany (2020)
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2020: Sharing Geosciences Online, Online, 2020-05-04-2020-05-08
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-17
    Description: Germany’s national ocean observing activities are carried out by multiple actors including governmental bodies, research institutions, and universities, and miss central coordination and governance. A particular strategic approach to coordinate and facilitate ocean research has formed in Germany under the umbrella of the German Marine Research Consortium (KDM). KDM aims at bringing together the marine science expertise of its member institutions and collectively presents them to policy makers, research funding organizations, and to the general public. Within KDM, several strategic groups (SGs), composed of national experts, have been established in order to strengthen different scientific and technological aspects of German Marine Research. Here we present the SG for sustained open ocean observing and the SG for sustained coastal observing. The coordination effort of the SG’s include (1) Representing German efforts in ocean observations, providing information about past, ongoing and planned activities and forwarding meta-information to data centers (e.g., JCOMMOPS), (2) Facilitating the integration of national observations into European and international observing programs (e.g. GCOS, GOOS, BluePlanet, GEOSS), (3) Supporting innovation in observing techniques and the development of scientific topics on observing strategies, (4) Developing strategies to expand and optimize national observing systems in consideration of the needs of stakeholders and conventions, (5) Contributing to agenda processes and roadmaps in science strategy and funding, and (6) Compiling recommendations for improved data collection and data handling, to better connect to the global data centers adhering to quality standards.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    A parameterized geometric magnetic field calibration method for vehicles with moving masses with applications to underwater gliders (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Field Robotics 34 (2017): 209-223, doi:10.1002/rob.21660.
    Description: The accuracy of magnetic measurements performed by autonomous vehicles is often limited by the presence of moving ferrous masses. This work presents a parameterized ellipsoid eld calibration method for magnetic measurements in the sensor frame. In this manner the ellipsoidal calibration coe cients are dependent on the locations of the moving masses. The parameterized calibration method is evaluated through eld trials with an autonomous underwater glider equipped with a low power precision uxgate sensor. A rst set of eld trials were performed in the East Arm of Bonne Bay, Newfoundland in December of 2013. During these trials a series of calibration pro les with the mass shifting and ballast mecha- nisms at di erent locations were performed before and after the survey portion of the trials. Further trials were performed in the Labrador Sea in July of 2014 with two reduced sets of calibration runs. The nominal ellipsoidal coe cients were extracted using the full set of measurements from a set of calibration pro les and used as the initial conditions for the polynomials which de ne each parameterized coe cient. These polynomials as well as the sensor misalignment matrix were then optimized using a gradient descent solver which minimizes both the total magnetic eld di erence and the vertical magnetic eld variance between the modeled and measured values. Including the vertical eld in this manner allows for convergence in spite of severe limitations on the platform's motion and for computation of the vehicle's magnetic heading.
    Description: This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) through the NSERC Canadian Field Robotics Network (NCFRN), the Research Development Corporation, the Marine Institute and Memorial University of Newfoundland.
    Description: 2017-06-07
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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