ISSN:
1573-1561
Keywords:
Aversive properties
;
methyl anthranilate
;
yucca
;
birds
;
Xanthoxylum
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
Notes:
Abstract We tested the bird aversive properties of methyl anthranilate, yucca extracts, and Xanthoxylum spp. extracts in oneand two-bottle drinking assays that used European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In oneand two-bottle tests, methyl anthranilate proved to be the more potent stimulus in producing an avoidance response. Starlings avoided consuming Xanthoxylum and yucca only in the two-bottle tests. Previous studies showed that yucca was a good adjuvant in stabilizing lipophilic compounds in water. Starlings did not avoid binary mixtures of methyl anthranilate and yucca differently from what would be expected if they were only responding to the solution's methyl anthranilate content. However, yucca enhanced the aversive qualities of Xanthoxylum. The ability to identify mode of action for repellency and synergistic combinations of chemicals derived from natural products for use in repellent mixtures is an important aspect of the development of cost-effective, environmentally safe repellents for use in conflict resolution between humans and wildlife.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005436111630
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