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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 194 (1962), S. 272-273 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fiji. 1. Straight ribbon-like whiskers, (x 20,000) A growth-chamber of recrystallized alumina, consisting of a 2-c.c. cylindrical crucible inverted on a dish, was contained in a graphite snsceptor and supported inside a demountable silica envelope. In the chamber was placed a 0-3-gm. pellet of ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Uptake of [14C] glutamine into isolated pea chloroplasts has been examined by using a centrifugal filtration technique. Competition experiments showed that glutamine uptake is mediated by a dicarboxylate carrier with Km 1.10 mM and Vmax. 118 nmol of glutamine min−1 per mg of chlorophyll. Isolated pea chloroplasts accumulated glutamine in the sucrose-impermeable space to concentrations higher than that present in the external solution when the latter was below 0.5 mM. It is suggested that glutamine accumulation is driven by exchange (utilizing the dicarboxylate carrier) with the endogenous pool of dicarboxylates in the chloroplasts. Increasing pH stimulated glutamine uptake but inhibited that of glutamate and 2-oxoglu-tarate. The hypothesis is advanced that when molecules of different charge are exchanged across the chloroplast envelope via the dicarboxylate carrier, electroneutrality is maintained by transport of protons, and that this explains the observed effects of increasing pH. The low rates of glutamine transport coupled with the strong competition of other dicarboxylates for the carrier suggest that export in vivo from the chloroplast of nitrogen in the form of glutamine is not of major importance.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Uptake of [14C] adenine and [14C] cytosine into isolated pea chloroplasts has been examined by using a centrifugal-filtration technique. These chloroplasts accumulate both compounds in the sucrose-impermeable space to concentrations higher than that present in the external solution when the latter was below 1.0 mM. Competition experiments suggested that uptake is mediated by a carrier mechanism.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new technique has been devised for the direct estimation of the contribution of N2-fixation to the total nitrogen of a legume crop. Sealed lysimeters and ancillary equipment are described by which it is possible to enclose in a gas-tight system the roots of some of the plants within the crop, together with their associated core of soil. The normal soil atmosphere can then be replaced by one containing 15N2, thus allowing, from the 15N content of the resulting plants direct calculation of the N2-fixation. Regular monitoring is necessary to ensure that soil O2, CO2 and moisture contents are maintained at normal field levels.The results indicate that the technique is capable of achieving its objectives and, provided the seedlings establish well initially, the resultant plants fully match the field average at final harvest. It has been possible to maintain the labelling of the soil atmosphere sufficiently constant to ensure that reliable and highly reproducible estimates of N2-fixation are obtained. Using Pisum sativum cv. Meteor at densities of 160 plants m−2, fixation accounted for about 90% of the total nitrogen uptake. The limitations and merits of the method are compared with those of the 15N-fertilizer dilution method.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An account is given of transmission electron microscope investigations of the phase transitions in single crystals and ceramics of the complex perovskite structured ferroelectric `relaxor' compound Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3. The crystal symmetries pertaining to both the non-polar paraelectric (PE) and polar ferroelectric (FE) states have been studied by the technique of convergent-beam electron diffraction. A new phase transition has been discovered in the temperature range for which the FE and PE states coexist. The new phase transition is interpreted as the creation of a modulated antiferroelectric state, and this is viewed as marking a departure from relaxor behaviour towards more `normal' ferroelectric behaviour.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 649-653 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1992), S. 51-63 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lead scandium tantalate (PST) thin films sputtered onto sapphire substrates have been studied by using transmission electron microscopy. Samples in transverse section were used to characterize the microstructure of the thin films as a function of distance from the PST-sapphire interface whereas samples in plan section allowed a more detailed, structural investigation of the PST. A liquid nitrogen cold stage was used to induce the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transitionin situ and to perform heating and cooling experiments on the thin films. In general, samples which had the lowest dielectric constants were found to have a layer of unreacted ScTaO4 at the film-substrate interface, whereas the highest dielectric constants were associated with fully perovskite-structured films. Films prepared by the sequential deposition of ScTaO4 and PbO, followed by heat treatment, readily spalled from the sapphire. They also exhibited an increase in the Sc and Ta cation order with distance from the film-sapphire interface. A sample prepared by the simultaneous deposition of ScTaO4 and PbO did not spall and showed an increase in structural order at both the PST-sapphire interface and at the film surface.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 41 (1990), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Analytische Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie wurde benutzt um zwei Zn-haltige Dolomite zu untersuchen, die als Überzüge von Calcit aus der Oxidationszone der Erzkörper von Broken Hill, New South Wales, auftraten. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der Art der Mikrogefüge und möglichen Korrelationen zwischen Mikrogefüge und der lokalen Zusammensetzung, vor allem dem Zn-Gehalt, gewidmet. Dem möglichen Auftreten von geringen Mengen des Zn-Dolomit, Minrecordit, wurde ebenfalls nachgegangen. Die bemerkenswertesten Erscheinungen im Zn-haltigen Dolomit sind feine bandartige Verteilung einer calcitischen Phase, Wachstumsbänder und modulierte Strukturen (starke Modulationen im Beugungskontrast sichtbar). Ihr Auftreten ist mit über das stöchiometrische Verhältnis hinaus vorhandenem Ca korreliert; es ist aber vom Zn-Gehalt nicht direkt beeinflußt. Die mitvergesellschafteten Calcite haben einen niedrigen Zn-Gehalt, zeigen aber eine weitere Karbonatphase. Diese wird für dolomitsch gehalten, obwohl keine entsprechenden Ordnungsreflexe (b-Reflexè) nachweisbar waren. Sehr lange belichtete Elektronenbeugungs-Aufnahmen zeigen jedoch diffuse ‘c-Typ’-Über-struktur-Reflexe. Diese sind wahrscheinlich auf kleine Bereiche beschränkt, in dener die Ca und Mg Kationen geordnet sind, wofür ein Modell vorgeschlagen wird.
    Notes: Summary Analytical transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate two zincian dolomites occurring as overgrowths on calcite from the oxidized zone of the ore bodies at Broken Hill, New South Wales. Particular attention has been focussed on the nature of the microstructures, and any correlations between microstructure and local composition, especially zinc content. The possible occurrence of tiny amounts of the zinc dolomite, minrecordite, has also been explored. The most notable features in the zincian dolomite are fine-scale distributions of ribbonlike calcitic second phase, growth bands, and modulated microstructures (strong modulations in diffraction contrast). Their occurrence is correlated with calcium in excess of stoichiometric requirements, but is not directly influenced by zinc content. The associated calcites are low in zinc, but they also exhibit carbonate second phase, which is thought to be dolomitic although giving no detectable order (‘b-type’) reflections. Long-exposure electron diffraction patterns, however, revealed the presence of diffuse ‘c-type’ superstructure reflections, which are thought to arise from smaller volumes in which Ca and Mg cations are ordered, for which a model is proposed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 91 (1985), S. 82-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Electron diffraction, analytical electron microscopy, and high voltage, high resolution electron microscopy have been used to investigate crystal defects in calcium-rich saddle dolomites having pronounced curvature of the faces. Results show that branching, ribbon-like defects in these so-called ‘saddle dolomites’ are thin, coherent laths of calcitic material. The ribbons are profuse and explain the characteristic calcium excess found in most saddle dolomites. Because the lattice spacings of calcite are between 3.8% and 6.7% larger than the corresponding lattice spacings of dolomite, a calcitic ribbon causes local distortion of the host dolomite. The branching ribbons have a predominant {10¯14} orientation and are generally present in high density. They may represent the source of crystal distortion that ultimately manifests itself on the macroscopic scale. The calcitic ribbons form during growth from aqueous solution, although they have features in common with similar defects found in carbonatite carbonates. This fine-scale intergrowth microstructure may be a variant of even finer-scale modulated structures found in other sedimentary calcian dolomites.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 88 (1984), S. 233-245 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The nature of carbonates and related second phase minerals in carbonatite samples from the Alnø and Fen regions has been studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy, aided by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. Calcite, dolomite and ankerite have been found to exhibit two phase microstructures. Coherent ribbons of calcitic material occur in dolomite and ankerite, while the calcite grains commonly contain a fine dispersion of plate-like and sometimes rod-like precipitates. Calcite and dolomite frequently occur in contact with the same crystallographic lattice orientation, the small lattice mismatch being indicated by moiré patterns at the grain boundaries and occasional misfit dislocations. The two-phase structure of calcite in dolomite reported for the first time in this paper is thought to be a high temperature analogue of the modulated microstructures reported recently in calcian sedimentary dolomites (Wenk et al. 1983).
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