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Impulse-coded and analog signaling in single mechanoreceptor neurons (1982)

Y. M. Pasztor ; B. M. Bush

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 215(4540): 1635-7.

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Publication Date: 1982-03-26

Description: Although most sensory neurons convey temporally coded impulses to the central nervous system, certain nonspiking receptors use only graded afferent signals. Each of three large nerve fibers from the lobster oval organ, a mechanoreceptor subserving ventilation, carry both impulses and graded potentials. Thus, both impulse frequency and receptor potential amplitude are available for information transfer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pasztor, Y M -- Bush, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 26;215(4540):1635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Nephropidae ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Resistance Reflexes from a Crab Muscle Receptor without Impulses (1968)

BUSH, B. M. H. ; ROBERTS, ALAN

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 218 (1968), S. 1171-1173

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] The shore crab, Carcinus maenas, was used throughout. The methods and the perfused preparation, which was used in all experiments reported here, are described in the preceding report. In addition, however, the bundle of motor axons to the promotor muscle was separated from the main leg nerve, for ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2181171a0

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Central nervous mechanisms controlling rhythmic burst generation in the ventilatory motoneurones ofCarcinus maenas (1983)

Simmers, A. J. ; Bush, B. M. H.

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 150 (1983), S. 1-21

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary 1. Intracellular recordings have been made from neuropilar processes of ventilatory motoneurones in the semi-isolated or isolated thoracic ganglion ofCarcinus maenas (Fig. 1). Cobalt backfills show that the two antagonistic sets of motor axons (Fig. 2) innervating the scaphognathite (SG) depressor and levator muscles, respectively, originate from a single dense neuropile within the ipsilateral hemiganglion (Fig. 3). Soma diameters range from 20 to 70 μm. 2. Axon spikes appear in the neurites of motoneurones as decremented, non-overshooting potentials (usually 5–15 mV in amplitude), suggesting that they arise distally at sites located near the point at which the axons leave the ganglion. Injection of small depolarizing currents (1–2 nA) elicited repetitive firing in all motoneurones penetrated, the firing frequency increasing monotonically with the current intensity (Figs. 4, 5). Conversely, hyperpolarizing current decreased or prevented any tonic spiking activity, and most cells showed rebound excitation on release from negative current. Rebound from hyperpolarization is probably the only mechanism intrinsic to the individual motoneurones which contributes to the generation of motoneurone bursts during normal rhythmic output. 3. Large (8–30 mV) oscillations in membrane potential underlie spontaneous rhythmic bursting in ventilatory motoneurones (Figs. 6–9). These oscillations result mainly from cyclical inhibition between the impulse bursts at chemical synapses, since the waveform of both depressorand levator motoneurones could be reversed in polarity by maintained hyperpolarization with injected current. No evidence was found for phasic excitatory synaptic inputs to the ventilatory motoneurones, nor were any discrete (brief) unitary postsynaptic potentials observed in motoneuronal recordings. 4. There is evidence for central inhibitory coupling between functionally antagonistic motoneurones, and for excitatory feedback from motoneurones to the premotor elements that drive them (Fig. 10). This indicates that the motoneurones themselves are components of the ventilatory central pattern generator. 5. The application of 10−6mol/l tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used to suppress all impulse production in rhythmically active preparations (Figs. 11, 12). Under these conditions the continuation of synaptically-driven slow wave activity in the ventilatory motoneurones suggests that graded chemical synaptic interactions play an important role in the generation of the ventilatory motor programme. This in turn is consistent with earlier findings that the central drive to ventilatory motoneurones is derived from cyclic oscillations in membrane potential of non-spiking interneurones (Mendelson 1971; Simmers and Bush 1980).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605283

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Pharmacological evidence for ‘fast’ sodium channels in nonspiking neurones (1978)

LOWE, D. A. ; BUSH, B. M. H. ; RIPLEY, S. H.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 274 (1978), S. 289-290

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] TTX is well recognised for its ability to block sodium-dependent action potentials, although it leaves nonimpulsive sodium-dependent electrical activity unaffected9. Its action seems to be confined to voltage-dependent sodium channels, that is, the so-called fast sodium channels. Veratridine is ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/274289a0

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Crab Muscle Receptor which responds without Impulses (1968)

RIPLEY, S. H. ; BUSH, B. M. H. ; ROBERTS, ALAN

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 218 (1968), S. 1170-1171

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Sensory responses of the nerve fibres supplying the muscle receptor have been studied in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, and in the South African river crabs, Potamon sydneyi and P. depressus. After1 autotomizing the chelipeds and legs, and removing the abdomen, carapace, mouthparts and viscera ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2181170a0

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