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  • 1
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    Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: Surface winds and surface ocean hydrography in the subpolar North Atlantic appear to have been influenced by variations in solar output through the entire Holocene. The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 and beryllium-10 and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep-sea sediment cores. A solar forcing mechanism therefore may underlie at least the Holocene segment of the North Atlantic's "1500-year" cycle. The surface hydrographic changes may have affected production of North Atlantic Deep Water, potentially providing an additional mechanism for amplifying the solar signals and transmitting them globally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bond, G -- Kromer, B -- Beer, J -- Muscheler, R -- Evans, M N -- Showers, W -- Hoffmann, S -- Lotti-Bond, R -- Hajdas, I -- Bonani, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2130-6. Epub 2001 Nov 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. gcb@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Regional 14CO2 offsets in the troposphere: magnitude, mechanisms, and consequences (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: Radiocarbon dating methods typically assume that there are no significant tropospheric (14)CO(2) gradients within the low- to mid-latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Comparison of tree ring (14)C data from southern Germany and Anatolia supports this assumption in general but also documents episodes of significant short-term regional (14)CO(2) offsets. We suggest that the offset is caused by an enhanced seasonal (14)CO(2) cycle, with seasonally peaked flux of stratospheric (14)C into the troposphere during periods of low solar magnetic activity, coinciding with substantial atmospheric cooling. Short-term episodes of regional (14)CO(2) offsets are important to palaeoclimate studies and to high-resolution archaeological dating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kromer, B -- Manning, S W -- Kuniholm, P I -- Newton, M W -- Spurk, M -- Levin, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2529-32. Epub 2001 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institut fur Umweltphysik der Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. bernd.kromer@iup.uni-heidelberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Atmosphere ; Calibration ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Carbon Radioisotopes ; Climate ; Germany ; Mediterranean Region ; Oceans and Seas ; Seasons ; Time ; *Trees/growth & development ; Turkey ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Anatolian tree rings and a new chronology for the east Mediterranean Bronze-Iron Ages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: We report an extensive program of high-precision radiocarbon dating to establish the best date for a floating 1599-year Anatolian tree ring chronology that spans the later third millennium B.C. through the earlier first millennium B.C. This chronology is directly associated with a number of key sites and ancient personages. A previously suggested dating is withdrawn and is replaced by a robust new date fix 22 (+4 or -7) years earlier. These new radiocarbon wiggle-matched dates offer a unique independent resource for establishing the precise chronology of the ancient Near East and Aegean and help resolve, among others, a long-standing debate in favor of the so-called Middle Mesopotamian chronology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manning, S W -- Kromer, B -- Kuniholm, P I -- Newton, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2532-5. Epub 2001 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Post Office Box 218 Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AA, UK. S.W.Manning@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Atmosphere ; Bayes Theorem ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Carbon Radioisotopes ; Germany ; Ireland ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Pinus/growth & development ; Quercus/growth & development ; Seasons ; Software ; Time ; *Trees/growth & development ; Turkey ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700-1400 B.C (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: Radiocarbon (carbon-14) data from the Aegean Bronze Age 1700-1400 B.C. show that the Santorini (Thera) eruption must have occurred in the late 17th century B.C. By using carbon-14 dates from the surrounding region, cultural phases, and Bayesian statistical analysis, we established a chronology for the initial Aegean Late Bronze Age cultural phases (Late Minoan IA, IB, and II). This chronology contrasts with conventional archaeological dates and cultural synthesis: stretching out the Late Minoan IA, IB, and II phases by approximately 100 years and requiring reassessment of standard interpretations of associations between the Egyptian and Near Eastern historical dates and phases and those in the Aegean and Cyprus in the mid-second millennium B.C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manning, Sturt W -- Ramsey, Christopher Bronk -- Kutschera, Walter -- Higham, Thomas -- Kromer, Bernd -- Steier, Peter -- Wild, Eva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):565-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Classics, Cornell University, 120 Goldwin Smith Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-3201, USA. sm456@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Bayes Theorem ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Chronology as Topic ; Civilization/*history ; Greece ; History, Ancient ; Plants ; Seeds ; Trees/growth & development ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Santorini eruption radiocarbon dated to 1627-1600 B.C (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: Precise and direct dating of the Minoan eruption of Santorini (Thera) in Greece, a global Bronze Age time marker, has been made possible by the unique find of an olive tree, buried alive in life position by the tephra (pumice and ashes) on Santorini. We applied so-called radiocarbon wiggle-matching to a carbon-14 sequence of tree-ring segments to constrain the eruption date to the range 1627-1600 B.C. with 95.4% probability. Our result is in the range of previous, less precise, and less direct results of several scientific dating methods, but it is a century earlier than the date derived from traditional Egyptian chronologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedrich, Walter L -- Kromer, Bernd -- Friedrich, Michael -- Heinemeier, Jan -- Pfeiffer, Tom -- Talamo, Sahra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, C.F. Moellers Alle 1120, Denmark. walter@geo.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Greece ; History, Ancient ; *Olea/growth & development ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Synchronized Terrestrial-Atmospheric Deglacial Records Around the North Atlantic (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: On the basis of synchronization of three carbon-14 (14C)-dated lacustrine sequences from Sweden with tree ring and ice core records, the absolute age of the Younger Dryas-Preboreal climatic shift was determined to be 11,450 to 11,390 +/- 80 years before the present. A 150-year-long cooling in the early Preboreal, associated with rising Delta14C values, is evident in all records and indicates an ocean ventilation change. This cooling is similar to earlier deglacial coolings, and box-model calculations suggest that they all may have been the result of increased freshwater forcing that inhibited the strength of the North Atlantic heat conveyor, although the Younger Dryas may have begun as an anomalous meltwater event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjorck -- Kromer -- Johnsen -- Bennike -- Hammarlund -- Lemdahl -- Possnert -- Rasmussen -- Wohlfarth -- Hammer -- Spurk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1155-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. Bjorck and T. L. Rasmussen, Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. B. Kromer, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. S. Johnsen, Department of Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Rockefeller Komplekset, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark, and Science Institute, Dunhage 3, Is-107, Reykjavik, Iceland. O. Bennike, GEUS, Thoravej 8, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. D. Hammarlund, G. Lemdahl, B. Wohlfarth, Department of Quaternary Geology, Lund University, Tornavagen 13, S-22363 Lund, Sweden. G. Possnert, Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 533, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. C. U. Hammer, Department of Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, Rockefeller Komplekset, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. M. Spurk, Institut fur Botanik, Universitat Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8895457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth profiles of chlorofluoromethanes in the Norwegian sea (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Chlorofluoromethanes ; Stratospheric chlorine ; Oceanographic tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Depth profiles of the chlorofluoromethanes (CFM), CFCl3 and CF2Cl2, have been obtained together with tritium profiles from water samples collected in the Norwegian Sea between surface and 2800 m depth. CFM analysis was performed by vacuum extraction of the dissolved gases from 500 ml samples of seawater and subsequent gaschromatographic measurement. The CFM concentration decreases with depth to about 10 percent of surface concentration at depths below 2000 m. The same behaviour is found for the tritium content. From a correlation of the CFM and tritium concentration the upper limit of the preindustrial atmospheric CFM levels can be estimated to ≤5 percent of the present day concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636910
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 1084-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Direct observations of sunspot numbers are available for the past four centuries, but longer time series are required, for example, for the identification of a possible solar influence on climate and for testing models of the solar dynamo. Here we report a reconstruction of the sunspot number ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02995
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a high purity Ge gamma detection system cooled by a cryogenic refrigerator
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 12 (1985), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(85)90509-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation, precision and accuracy in ^1^4C and ^1^3C measurements
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 29 (1987), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(87)90210-2
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