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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les ouvrières deLeptothorax unifasciatus utilisent des repères chimiques et des repères visuels au cours des activités de fourragement. Cependant, une orientation ménotactique (ampoule lumineuse de 60 watt) et reposant sur des repères visuels ambiants domient une orientation chimique. Un trajet effectué vers la nourriture suffit aux ouvrières pour s'orienter ensuite sur une ampoule lumineuse. Les ouvrières tracent une piste au cours du fourragement n'ayant pas fonction de recrutement, mais agissant comme repère orientationnel individuel. Ces pistes sont distinguées et préférées même lorsqu'elles sont superposées à plusieurs autres. Néanmoins, les ouvrières acceptent de suivre les pistes de leurs congénères en l'absence de leur propre piste. Les ouvrières nouvellement recrutées sont incapables de s'orienter sur les pistes chimiques.
    Notes: Summary Leptothorax unifasciatus workers use both chemical and visual cues when foraging. A visual orientation based on menotactical cues (60 watt light-bulb) and environmental cues (laboratory surroundings) dominate over a chemical orientation. The learning response to a 60 watt light-bulb cue occurs after a single trip to the food source. Workers lay down a trail when foraging which helps them to orient themselves but does not recruit other nestmates. Such trails are distinguished and preferred even when superposed by several other nestmates' trails. Nevertheless, the foragers are able to follow their nestmates' trails if their own is somehow missing. Newly recruited ants are unable to orient along chemical trails.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les ouvrières deLeptothorax unifasciatus différencient de nouvelles aires de celles précédemment explorées. En effet, un comportement de «va-et-vient» apparaît plus fréquent sur un papier vierge que sur un papier familier à la colonie. La chute d'activité sur un papier vierge après quelques heures indique que ce dernier devient rapidement familier à la colonie dans le dispositif expérimental utilisé. Les expériences suggèrent que le territoire est modifié chimiquement par l'activité des fourmis, mais la possibilité d'un marquage chimique n'a toutefois pas été explorée. Trois facteurs contrôlent le niveau d'activité de fourragement chezL. unifasciatus: 1o la nature de l'aire de récolte (connue ou inconnue); 2o la taille de la société; 3o le temps de séjour de la société dans un même nid. Des sociétés établies récemment dans leur nid montrent un niveau d'activité de fourragement plus élevé sur une aire de récolte inconnue que sur une aire familière. Dans tous les cas, il existe une relation linéaire liant la taille de la société et son activité. Des sociétés établies depuis longtemps dans un même nid montrent toujours une activité inférieure aux sociétés récemment établies. Aucune différence n'est observée entre une aire de récolte inconnue et familière. De plus, la taille de la société apparaît être moins influente sur son activité générale que pour une société récemment établie dans son nid. Ces résultats sont interprétés en termes éco-éthologiques, tenant compte d'une caractéristique biologique essentielle des sociétés deL. unifasciatus: les déménagements fréquents, saisonniers ou liés à la précarité des nids.
    Notes: Summary Leptothorax unifasciatus workers differentiate new areas from those previously explored. Indeed, a “coming and going” behaviour appears more frequent on a virgin paper than on a familiar one. The decrease of activity on a new paper after some hours indicates that this species rapidly gets to known such an area in the experimental device used here. The experiments suggest that the area is chemically modified by the ants' activity, but the possibility of a specific marking behaviour was not further investigated. Three factors control the level of foraging activity inL. unifasciatus: 1o. The nature of the foraging area (familiar or virgin). 2o. The size of the society. 3o. The age of the nest-site. Societies newly established in their nest show a higher level of foraging activity on a virgin area than on a familiar one. In every case, there is a linear relation between the size of the society and its activity. Long-settled societies always show a lower activity than recently established ones, and no difference was observed when they recruited on a virgin and a familiar area. Moreover, the society size appears to be less important in determining the general level of activity than for recently-settled societies. These results are tentatively interpreted in eco-ethological terms, taking into account a main biological characteristic ofLeptothorax societies: frequent nest emigrations that are either seasonal or due to fragile nest-sites.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Orientation ; individual memory ; chemical communication ; Formicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relative contribution of visual and chemical components in the orientation ofLasius niger andIridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) workers during mass recruitment to newly discovered food sources is analyzed over short time intervals. While both species orient in response to the trail pheromone, a large number ofL. niger foragers rapidly switch to a more individual orientation, based on their memory of environmental cues.I. humilis workers, on the other hand, predominantly use collective chemical cues. The effect of the number of reinforcements on visual learning and its interference with chemical communication show that olfactory cues always prevail in the Argentine ant. InL. niger, the proportion of ants orienting to visual cues is independent of the trail concentration. Detailed observations of the trail-laying behavior of individually marked foragers show that nearly all theI. humilis workers initially lay a trail, whereas only half theL. niger foragers do so. This proportion decreases considerably with the number of trips performed byL. niger workers, while remaining constant for the Argentine ants. These results are interpreted with respect to the species' behavioral ecology.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 19 (1991), S. 271-276 
    ISSN: 0305-1978
    Keywords: Ascidiacea ; Botryllus ; biochemical systematics ; electrophoresis ; genetics ; isozymes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0167-2789
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1631-1632 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vivo studies indicated that the primary effects ofE. coli endotoxin on hepatic clearance of sulfobromophthalein were at the excretory level. Newborns were more sensitive to the LPS than older animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 579-581 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 694-697 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Argentine ant ; queen retrieval ; recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Queen retrieval recruitment in ants is the recruitment of workers towards queens which are outside the nest, using chemical trails. The odour trails enable the queens to orient rapidly and return to the nest. This behaviour, reported for the first time in the Argentine antIridomyrmex humilis, is briefly discussed with regard to its possible adaptative significance.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Argentine ant ; queen pheromone ; queen effect ; gyne production ; aggressive behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mated queens of the antLinepithema humile (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr) introduced into dequeened colony fragments rearing sexual brood elicited worker aggression resulting in queen larvae being bitten and eliminated. By contrast, male larvae were spared. Regarding queen brood, killing mainly concerned small and medium sized larvae. A large proportion of the large larvae escaped extermination, and prepupae and pupae were spared. These data suggest that workers were able to discriminate sex, caste and age of the brood. That a queen pheromone may be involved was shown by experiments using whole or cut corpses that were either rinsed or not rinsed in pentane. The pheromone eliciting worker aggressive behaviour was shown to act over a short distance, suggesting that it is somewhat volatile. Similarities and differences between this new queen pheromone and other known queen pheromones acting on queen production or worker attraction are discussed as well as the origin of the signals underlying the recognition of the larval classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 159-168 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Argentine ant ; exploration ; self-organization ; swarm pattern ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Workers of the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis,start to explore a chemically unmarked territory randomly. As the exploratory front advances, other explorers are recruited and a trail extends from it to the nest. Whereas recruitment trails are generally constructed between two points, these exploratory trails have no fixed destination, and strongly resemble the foraging patterns of army ants. A minimal model shows how the exploratory pattern may be generated by the individual workers' simple trail-laying and -following behavior, illustrating how complex collective structures in insect colonies may be based on self-organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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