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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Living - Participating - Growing Old : Assumptions and Certainties (2023)
    Wiesbaden :Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden :
    Details
    Keywords: Aging. ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Ethnology. ; Continuing education. ; Social structure. ; Equality. ; Social policy. ; Ageing. ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging. ; Sociocultural Anthropology. ; Lifelong Learning. ; Social Structure. ; Social Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: History of ideas and epistemological approach -- Social gerontological centering -- Empirical findings from recent research -- Multiple interpretations.
    Abstract: Life must be conceived as the result of evolution and human life as the emergence of the species Sapiens from the genus Homo of the family of apes. If the emergence of human life as an evolutionary fact is coupled with the notion of social life, we are referred to the constructive production of human life forms, of which social participation is an integral part. On the one hand, participation is tied back to the phylogenesis of the species Sapiens, but on the other hand, it has to be acquired and practiced anew by every human being in the process of ontogenesis, depending on the environment. Participation in old age is a separate specification of the conditions of this process and can be illustrated on the basis of a large number of empirical findings. The content History of ideas and epistemological approach.- Social gerontological centering.- Empirical findings from recent research.- Multiple interpretations. The target groups Lecturers and students of the social sciences The author Prof. (ret.) Dr. Anton Amann hold the Chair of Sociology and Social Gerontology (1982-2006) and was Director of the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Archive (2001-2021), both at the University of Vienna. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 194 p. 4 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783658396817
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39681-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-39681-7
    DDC: 571.878
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robustness in quantum measurements (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 34 (1993), S. 5441-5450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Conditions are formulated under which a representation of an intrinsic C*- algebra of (often quasilocal) observables of an infinite system is appropriate to describe measurement-type processes: such a representation should allow for the description of robust experiments, it should be separable, and the pointer observable should be in its weak closure. If the pointer values are discrete the existence of such a measurement representation can be proven. If the pointer can take continuously many values, then the existence can only be proven under the additional assumptions of having an asymptotically Abelian system or dealing with type I representations. In the constructed measurement representations the pointer observable turns out to be classical. The structure of the representation suggests that spontaneous symmetry breaking might be a physical explanation of the emergence of the classical pointer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invariant states of C*-systems without norm-continuity properties (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 739-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamical C*-systems without norm-continuity properties (e.g., the dynamics of a boson system) are studied. For each such C*-system, an auxiliary pointwise norm-continuous C*-system is constructed such that "continuously'' invariant states of the original system correspond to invariant states of the auxiliary system. "Continuous invariance'' is to mean that the unitary time-evolution group in the Gel'fand–Naimark Segal representation (GNS-representation) is strongly continuous. The above correspondence is bijective and respects sequential limits. The GNS-representations of corresponding states can be identified on the W*-level. Hence, KMS-states (ground states, etc.) of the two systems correspond. This helps to carry over mathematical proofs that rely on the generator of a dynamical group (which exists only for pointwise norm-continuous C*-systems). As a typical example one might consider the verification that the temperature to zero limit of thermic equilibrium states is a ground state in the algebraic sense, i.e., is an eigenstate of the respective GNS-Hamiltonian with an eigenvalue at the lower end of the Hamiltonian's spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529364
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applying the variational principle to a spin-boson Hamiltonian (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 1317-1324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ground states of a spin-boson Hamiltonian, describing one two-level system (a spin) coupled to infinitely many harmonic oscillators (bosons), are studied. This spin-boson Hamiltonian is a prototype for the description of a "small'' system (e.g., a molecule) coupled to its environment. The respective ground-state vector(s) are approximated by a linear combination of two coherent-state vectors corresponding to the two levels of the spin. Interest concentrates mainly on phase-transition phenomena (generation of superselection rules) in case the parameters of the Hamiltonian (level splitting of the spin, frequencies of the field modes, and coupling constants) exhibit an infrared singularity. The resulting phase diagrams are shown to satisfy reasonably well the rigorous bounds derived by Spohn, and in particular distinguish between the superohmic, ohmic, and subohmic regime in the sense of Leggett. Nevertheless, the approximation method used is simple enough so that everything can be explicitly calculated. Former results by Pfeifer as well as results by Emery and Luther, Zwerger and Harris and Silbey are extended and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462167
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jauch–Piron states in W*-algebraic quantum mechanics (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 28 (1987), S. 2384-2389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A state φ on a W*-algebra M is said to fulfill the Jauch–Piron condition if φ(p)=φ(q)=1 for projections p,q∈M implies φ(p∧q)=1. Here p∧q denotes the infimum of p and q in the projection lattice of M. The Jauch–Piron condition is a compatibility condition between the algebraic and the lattice-theoretic approach for the description of physical systems. Normal (i.e., σ-weakly continuous) states always fulfill the Jauch–Piron condition. It is argued that states not fulfilling this condition should be regarded as unphysical. It is shown that a state φ on a σ-finite factor M is singular if and only if projections e, f∈ M exist such that φ(e)=φ( f )=1 and e∧f=0. In particular, any pure state φ on M fulfilling the Jauch–Piron condition is normal, which implies that the underlying factor M is of type I. Furthermore, the following result is proved: Let φ be a pure Jauch–Piron state on W*-algebra M with separable predual and without any commutative summand. Then φ is normal and a central projection z0∈ M exists such that φ(z0)=1 and z0 Mz0 is a factor of type I. Thus, cum grano salis, pure Jauch–Piron states exist only on commutative W*-algebras and type I factors. The former case corresponds to classical theories, the latter to Hilbert-space quantum mechanics. The implications of these results on the interpretation of quantum mechanics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-related coherent states (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 2282-2289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Coherent states defined with respect to an irreducible ray representation u: g→ug, g∈G, of an arbitrary locally compact separable group G are examined. It is shown that the following conditions (a)–(d) are equivalent: (a) u admits coherent states, (b) u is square integrable, (c) the W*-system implemented by u is integrable, and (d) u is a subrepresentation of the left regular c-representation, where c is the respective multiplier of u. Furthermore, the group theoretical background of what is called the "P-representation of observables'' associated with coherent states is investigated: It is shown that the P-representation (which corresponds to a covariant semispectral measure) fulfills a certain maximality requirement. The P-representation can be used to represent the quantum system in question on the Hilbert space L2(G,dg) of square-integrable functions (with respect to Haar measure dg) on the kinematical group G.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527000
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perturbation theory of C*-systems without norm-continuity properties (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 2875-2879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamical C*-systems without norm-continuity properties (e.g., the dynamics of a boson-type system) are studied. The respective dynamics cannot be perturbed by (bounded, self-adjoint) elements of the underlying abstract C*-algebra. Hence, it is necessary to define notions like "invariant state,'' "ground state,'' "KMS-state,'' etc. with respect to the perturbed dynamics in suitable Hilbert space representations. Here, the original dynamical system is supplemented by an auxiliary pointwise norm-continuous dynamical system in such a way that invariant states of the original system correspond to certain invariant states of the auxiliary system. This bijective correspondence is sequentially continuous and preserves the KMS- (ground state) characterizing conditions. As a typical application it is verified that Spohn's ground states of the spin-boson model (arising as a temperature to zero limit of thermic equilibrium states) are ground states in the algebraic sense, i.e., are eigenstates of the respective (Gel'fand–Naimark–Segal) Hamiltonian with an eigenvalue at the lower end of the Hamiltonian's spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529079
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the quantum mechanical measurement process (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 34 (1995), S. 1187-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The conceptual background of the quantum measurement problem is discussed with respect to an individual-stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics in terms of pure states. The derivation of a stochastic dynamics on the pure state space of the “system to be measured” (starting from the joint system including an environment/measurement apparatus) is sketched. Finally the asymptotic behavior of such a derived stochastic dynamics is discussed: it is argued that usually one cannot expect a measurement-typeasymptotic behavior. Hence measurement-type behavior can only arise during an intermediate period of time and the asymptotic behavior will be thermal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00676228
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive-Operator-Valued Measures and Projection-Valued Measures of Noncommutative Time Operators (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 37 (1998), S. 629-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some relationships between two differentconcepts of noncommutative time operators are discussed.One is the concept of a Hermitian, but not self-adjointtime operator TB based on apositive-operator-valued measure for a dynamical observable B. The otheris the concept of a self-adjoint time operatorTL obtained in the Liouville representation,a special case of the standard representation of quantumtheory. Conditions are indicated under which aself-adjoint extension of TB leading toTL can be constructed. Similarities with thenotions of consistent and inconsistent histories areindicated. Conceptual issues as to the interpretation of the different timeoperators are outlined with particular emphasis on thenotion of temporal nonlocality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026604126629
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Gestalt problem in quantum theory: Generation of molecular shape by the environment (1993)
    Springer
    Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 97 (1993), S. 125-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Quantum systems have a holistic structure, which implies that they cannot be divided into parts. In order tocreate (sub)objects like individual substances, molecules, nuclei, etc., in a universal whole, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations between all the subentities, e.g. all the molecules in a substance, must be suppressed by perceptual and mental processes. Here the particular problems ofGestalt (≡shape)perception are compared with the attempts toattribute a shape to a quantum mechanical system like a molecule. Gestalt perception and quantum mechanics turn out (on an informal level) to show similar features and problems: holistic aspects, creation of objects, dressing procedures, influence of the ‘observer’, classical quantities and structures. The attribute ‘classical’ of a property or structure means thatholistic correlations to any other quantity do not exist or that these correlations are considered as irrelevant and therefore eliminated (either deliberately and by declaration or in a mental process that is not under rational control). An example of animposed classical structure is the nuclear frame of a molecule. Candidates for classical properties that arenot imposed by the observer could be the charge of a particle or the handedness of a molecule. It is argued here that at least part of a molecule's shape can begenerated ‘automatically’ by the environment. A molecular shape of this sort arises in addition to Lamb shift-type energy corrections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01255834
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