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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In light of the 1982 fish health reulations, the structure of freshwater aquaculture is reviewed in the northwestern Federal Reublic of Germany, mainly in Lower Saxony and neighbouring areas. Main fish producers include fuly-time and part-time operators, hobby farmers, and sport fishing associations. Addressed especially in relation to the control ofish epidemics, are the problems generated by “hobbyists”, who represent almost 77% of the producers. The heterogenous structure of freshwater fish-producing sites, the economically marginal status of freshwater fish production in Germany in comparison to other animal husbandries as well as their lack of an influential lobby, are discussed as the main reasons for limited development prospects. Bio-technical and economical problems in high-tech warm-water aquaculture units for eel and sheatfish production are briefly addressed. Statistics on imports as well as domestic production are presented, indicating that Germany will remain an importer of both fishery and auacultural products, Therapeutical measures are outlined, along with their limitations in freshwater fisleries and aquaculture in Germany. The difficulties in obtaining official approvd of drugs and the application thereof are presented; reasons for these problems and the dangers of the existing limitations are outlined. The mode of application is described for those very few drugs licensed for fish culture in Germany. The present status of drug application in Lower Sxony is presented in detail. The sensitivity of, e.g., Yersinia ruckeri against 12 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics routinely tested in the antibiogramme is shown between 1986 and 1989. Examples are presented from field work of the Fish Health Service of Lower Saxony.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Süwasser-Fischerzeugung und Fischkrankheiten in Niedersachsen(Bundesrepublik Deutschkznd): Erfahrungen des FischgesundheitsdienstesEs wird ein überbiick über die Struktur der Nutzfischroduktion im SüßSwasser in Niedersachsen und angrenzenden Gebieten aus norddeutscher Sicht gegegen. Dies ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Fischkrankheiten und die entsprechenden Regelungen seit 1982 ausgerichtet. Innerhalb der wichtigsten Produktionszweige (Hauptberufliche, Nebenerwerb, Hobbyteichwirt, Angelvereine) wird die Proble-matik der Hobbyisten angesprochen. Die heterogene und wenig wirtschaftliche Struktur der Süßwasser-Fischproduktion der norddeutschen Teichwirtschaft sowie die im Vergleich zu anderen Wirt-schaftszweigen marginale Stellung dieser Tierproduktion und der damit verbundene Mangel an politi-schem Einfluß wird diskutiert. Hinzu kommen bio-technologische Probleme der modernen Auakultur insbesondere bei Aal und Wels. Die begrenzten Möglichkeiten der Therapie von Fischkrantheiten wird beschrieben mit Hinweisen auf die Schwierigkeit der verwaltunsrechtlichen Zulassung von Wirk-stoffen zwecks therapeutischem Einsatz. Die Gründe hierfür sowie die Gefahren fiir die Praxis werden an Hand der Daten aus der Feldarbeit des Niedersachsischen Fischgesundheitsdienstes aufgezeigt. Die praktische Anwendung und Effizienz einiger Wirkstoffe sowie ihr Resistenzstatus wird für der. Zeit-raum 1986 bis 1989 dargestellt. Hierbei wird auf fischpathogene und fakultativ-pathogene Bakterien eingegangen, deren Empfindlichkeit gegen zugelassene und (noch) nicht zugelassene Wirkstoffe er-arbeitet wurde.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméProduction de poissons en eau douce et maladies des poissons en Basse-Saxe (République Fédérale d'AIIemagne): Expériences du Service de Santé des PoissonsUne vue d'ensemble de la structure de l'aquaculure en eau douce du nord-ouest de la République Fédérale d'Allemagne, c'est sà dire la Base-Saxe et régions voisines, est présentée. En particulier, l'accent est mis sur les maladies de soissons et les régulations mises en place depuis 1982. Les principeaux producteurs incluent des progssionnels sà temps plein ou temps partiel, les pisciculteurs de loisir et les clubs de péches. Les hobbyistes, qui représentent 77% des producteurs, posent des poblémes spéciale-ment pour le contrôle des maladies endémiques. La structure hétérogne et peu rentabe de l'aquaculture en eau douce, ainsi que son apport marginal au point de vue économique comparé avec les autres productions animales et donc son manque d'iduence politique sont proposés comme raisons princi-pales de son diveloppement limité. En plus, les poblémes biotechniques et économiques de l'aquacul-ture moderne, en particulier pour l'anguille et le silure, sont briévement discutés. Les statistiques de l' importation et de la production domestique sont prisentis, montrant que l'Allemagne restera un importateur de produits de pêche et d'aquaculture. Les possibilités thérapeutiques sont discutés, ainsi que les diificultés posés par les reglements d'agrémentation des produits sà but thérapeutique et leurs applications. Les raisons de ces problémes et le danger des limitations actuelles sont soulignis par l'analyse des données recoltés sur le tas en Basse-Saxe. L'utilisation pratique et I'éfficacité des quelques médicaments autorisis en Allemagne, ainsi que le développement de la résistance contre ces midicaments, sont présentés pour la periode 86–89. Enfin, les pathogénes et les bactéries, pathogénes facultative, dont la résistance aux médicaments autorisés ou en cours d'agrémentation a été testée, sont décrits.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Temperature (T) and water potential (y) are two primary environmental regulators of seed germination. Seeds exhibit a base or minimum T for germination (Tb), an optimum T at which germination is most rapid (To), and a maximum or ceiling T at which germination is prevented (Tc). Germination at suboptimal T can be characterized on the basis of thermal time, or the T in excess of Tb multiplied by the time to a given germination percentage (tg). Similarly, germination at reduced y can be characterized on a hydrotime basis, or tg multiplied by the y in excess of a base or threshold y that just prevents germination (yb). Within a seed population, the variation in thermal times to germination among different seed fractions (g) is based on a normal distribution of yb values among seeds (yb(g)). Germination responses across a range of suboptimal T and y can be described by a general hydrothermal time model that combines the T and y components, but this model does not account for the decrease in germination rates and percentages when T exceeds To. We report here that supra-optimal temperatures shift the ψb(g) distribution of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed population to more positive values, explaining why both germination rates and percentages are reduced as T increases above To. A modified hydrothermal time model incorporating changes in ψb(g) at T 〉 To describes germination timing and percentage across all T and ψ at which germination can occur and provides physiologically relevant indices of seed behaviour.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: dispersion ; reaction ; perturbation theory ; stochastic modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We carry out a stochastic-perturbation analysis of a one-dimensional convection–dispersion-reaction equation for reversible first-order reactions. The Damköhler number, Da, is distributed randomly from a distribution that has an exponentially decaying correlation function, controlled by a correlation length, ξ. Zeroth- and first-order approximations of the dispersion coefficient, D are computed from moments of the residence-time distribution obtained by solving a one-dimensional network model, in which each unit of the network represents a Darcy-level transport unit, and the solution of the transfer function in zeroth- and first-order approximations of the transport equation. In the zeroth-order approximation, the dispersion coefficient is calculated using the convection–dispersion-reaction equation with constant parameters, that is, perturbation corrections to the local equation are ignored. This zeroth-order dispersion coefficient is a linear function of the variance of the Damköhler number, 〈(ΔDa)2〉. A similar result was reported in a two-dimensional network simulation. The zeroth-order approximation does not give accurate predictions of mixing or spreading of a plume when Damköhler numbers, Da ≪ 1 and its variance, 〈(ΔDa)2〉 〉 0.25 〈Da2〉. On the other hand, the first-order theory leads to a dispersion coefficient that is independent of the reaction parameters and to equations that do accurately predict mixing and spreading for Damköhler numbers and variances in the range √〈(ΔDa)2〉/〈Da〉≤0.3
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Ultrasound energy is a green and economically viable alternative to conventional techniques for surface modification of materials. The main benefits of this technique are the decrease of processing time and the amount of energy used. In this work, graphene nanoplatelets were treated with organic acids under ultrasonic radiation of 350 W at different times (30 and 60 min) aiming to modify their surface with functional acid groups and to improve the adsorption of uremic toxins. The modified graphene nanoplatelets were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optimum time for modification with organic acids was 30 min. The modified nanoplatelets were tested as adsorbent material for uremic toxins using the equilibrium isotherms where the adsorption isotherm of urea was adjusted for the Langmuir model. From the solution, 75% of uremic toxins were removed and absorbed by the modified nanoplatelets.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-04-12
    Print ISSN: 0169-3913
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1634
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0169-3913
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1634
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-03-20
    Print ISSN: 0169-3913
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1634
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-09-26
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-12-17
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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