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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes select for SIV escape variants during resolution of primary viraemia (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 407 (2000), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are characterized by early peaks of viraemia that decline as strong cellular immune responses develop. Although it has been shown that virus-specific CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exert ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35030124
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards sound epistemological foundations of statistical methods for high-dimensional biology (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 943-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A sound epistemological foundation for biological inquiry comes, in part, from application of valid statistical procedures. This tenet is widely appreciated by scientists studying the new realm of high-dimensional biology, or 'omic' research, which involves multiplicity at unprecedented scales. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1422
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assortative mating for relative weight: Genetic implications (1996)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 26 (1996), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Assortative mating ; heritability ; relative body weight ; genetics ; mate selection ; phenotypic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Most work on the genetics of relative weight has not considered the role of assortative mating, i.e., mate selection based on similarity between mates. We investigated the extent to which engaged men and women in an archival longitudinal database were similar to each other in relative body weightprior to marriage and cohabitation. After controlling for age, a small but statistically significant mate correlation was found for relative weight (r=.13,p=.023), indicating some assortative mating. Furthermore, we examined whether mate similarity in relative weight prior to marriage predicts survival of the marriage. No significant effects were found. In sum, these results are consistent with those of other studies in suggesting that there is a small but significant intermate correlation for relative weight. However, they are unique in showing that these results cannot be explained on the basis of (a) cohabitation, (b) age similarity, or (c) selective survival of marriages between couples more similar in relative weight. The implications of these findings for heritability studies, linkage studies, and the estimation of shared environmental effects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359888
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selected Methodological Issues in Meiotic Mapping of Obesity Genes in Humans: Issues of Power and Efficiency (1997)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 27 (1997), S. 401-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Meiotic mapping ; obesity genes ; power ; efficiency ; methodological issues ; linkage ; disequilibrium mapping ; extreme sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This paper focuses on methods for mapping novel obesity genes in humans via meiotic mapping techniques. By novel we mean genes that are as yet unidentified as playing a role in obesity. We begin by presenting a discussion of why we believe it is important to seek out novel obesity genes and, in particular, novel genes of small effect. In light of the arguably Herculean task of finding genes of small effect with conventional gene mapping methods, we discuss alternative methods and procedures that may enhance our ability to map novel obesity genes of small effect. Many of these methods have been discussed previously in the literature and are summarized here. These include reconceptualizing power in the context of genomewide scans, multivariate linkage approaches, the use of phenotypically extreme subjects, and the use of large sibships. These are discussed in the context of linkage studies. Association studies and disequilibrium mapping are also discussed, and again, issues involving the use of extreme phenotypes and multiple testing are included. We also provide a brief discussion of DNA pooling and transmission disequilibrium tests for quantitative traits. Finally, we advocate data pooling techniques (e.g., meta-analysis) to enhance the power and efficiency of the entire field of the genetics of obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025696232582
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Genetic Influences on Human Energy Intake: Results from a Twin Study Using Measured Observations (1999)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Obesity ; eating ; common environment ; unique environment ; heritability ; twins ; gene–environment interaction ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Human obesity is associated with greater-than-average energy intake, although relatively few studies have tested the heritability of food intake. The present study examined the genetic architecture of measured caloric intake during laboratory test meals in 36 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twin pairs. A series of analyses tested the hypotheses that (1) there would be a genetic influence on total caloric intake, (2) there would be genes influencing total caloric intake above and beyond those influencing body composition, (3) there would be a phenotypic association between total caloric intake and fat mass above and beyond any genetic influences, and (4) there would be genetic influences on macronutrient intake (i.e., fat, carbohydrate, and protein intake) above and beyond total caloric intake. Results suggested genetic influences on age- and sex-adjusted total caloric intake (24–33% of the variance), although 95% confidence intervals were wide and suggested that “true” heritability estimates might be considerably lower or higher. Caloric intake was influenced by both common and unique environmental factors. Greater-than-average caloric intake was associated with increased adiposity, despite probable genetic influences on both phenotypes. Finally, there was evidence for macronutrient-specific familial influences, although the extent to which they were genetic or environmental in origin could not be teased apart. Results suggest that human obesity may be influenced by behaviors that are themselves genetically regulated. However, further studies are needed to obtain more precise heritability estimates and a better understanding of the conditions under which genetic influences on energy intake emerge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021683716700
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to Special Issue on the Genetics of Obesity (1997)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 27 (1997), S. 273-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025627712109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putting the Behavior into the Behavior Genetics of Obesity (1997)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 27 (1997), S. 423-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Behavior ; human obesity ; obesity-related phenotypes ; obesity-oriented behavioral genetics designs ; gene–environment interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Tremendous advances in the genetic underpinnings of obesity have emerged in recent years. Curiously, behavioral genetic methods have provided relatively less information on the environmental influences and intermediary behaviors which promote human obesity. This situation in unfortunate since human obesity is, in part, environmentally determined and the result of behaviors such as eating and physical (in)activity. This article has several goals. First, it outlines reasons why behavior qua behavior should be a specific focus of obesity-oriented behavioral genetic designs. Second, possible explanations for why behavior has been underinvestigated are explored. Third, data regarding the genetic/environmental architecture of various obesity-related phenotypes (e.g., food intake, physical activity, etc.) are reviewed. Fourth, a commentary on the importance of gene–environment interactions is offered. Finally, suggestions for future research, including a list of possible “candidate environments” and “candidate intermediary behaviors,” are offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025648316652
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Proposed Heuristic for Communicating Heritability Estimates to the General Public, with Obesity as an Example (1997)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 27 (1997), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Heritability ; public communication ; obesity ; body mass index ; quantitative traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract It is well established that many continuously distributed traits have a heritable component. However, it is often difficult to communicate to the general public the meaning of quantitative estimates of heritability. To address this problem, the present paper introduces a heuristic for communicating heritability to nonscientific audiences. This heuristic involves adopting an extremely simplified model of inheritance and artificially (and somewhat arbitrarily) defining a cutoffs of “low environmental risk” and “affectation status.” Using body weight and obesity as an example, we present a table which gives estimates of the proportion of obese persons who are “genetically obese” assuming varying levels of “environmental risk” for obesity and relative body weight scores for defining obesity. The resulting statistic may prove useful for lay audiences in understanding a heritability estimate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025670316169
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  • 9
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    EPA’s proposed transparency rule: Factors to consider, many; planets to live on, one (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Issues with data and analyses: Errors, underlying themes, and potential solutions (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Some aspects of science, taken at the broadest level, are universal in empirical research. These include collecting, analyzing, and reporting data. In each of these aspects, errors can and do occur. In this work, we first discuss the importance of focusing on statistical and data errors to continually improve the practice of science. We then describe underlying themes of the types of errors and postulate contributing factors. To do so, we describe a case series of relatively severe data and statistical errors coupled with surveys of some types of errors to better characterize the magnitude, frequency, and trends. Having examined these errors, we then discuss the consequences of specific errors or classes of errors. Finally, given the extracted themes, we discuss methodological, cultural, and system-level approaches to reducing the frequency of commonly observed errors. These approaches will plausibly contribute to the self-critical, self-correcting, ever-evolving practice of science, and ultimately to furthering knowledge.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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