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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 17 (1994), S. 427-433 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a radial flow pump operating in off-design conditions, regions of stall can exist on the rotating impeller blade and on the downstream diffuser blade, vane or tongue. Interaction of these stall zones can generate complex patterns of vorticity concentrations. In turn, these vorticity concentrations are related to sources of unsteady stagnation enthalpy. The form of these patterns is strongly dependent on the instantaneous location of the impeller trailing-edge relative to the leading-edge of the vane. Comparison of instantaneous with ensemble-averaged images shows that the flow structure in the gap region between the impeller and the vane is highly repetitive. Away from this region, in particular in the separated shear layer from the vane, the nonrepetitive nature of the vorticity field is manifested in substantial reduction of peak levels of vorticity in the ensemble-averaged image, relative to the instantaneous image. The three-dimensional flow structure resulting from these separation zone interactions was characterized via end views of the flow patterns. Particularly pronounced concentrations of vorticity can occur in this plane. They tend to be located in the shear layer at the outer edge of the large-scale separation zone. These vorticity concentrations are, however, highly non-stationary for successive passages of the impeller blade. Ensemble-averaging reveals that they persist primarily on the endwalls of the diffuser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 14 (1993), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Laser scanning, corresponding to time-dependent deflections of laser beam across a field of interest, can provide relatively high illumination intensity of small particles, thereby allowing implementation of high image-density particle image velocimetry (PIV). Scanning techniques employing a rotating (multi-faceted) mirror, an oscillating mirror, and an acousto-optic deflector are addressed. Issues of illumination intensity and exposure, rate of scan of the laser beam, and retrace time of the scanning beam are assessed. Representative classes of unsteady separated flows investigated with laser-scanning PIV are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Higher education 21 (1991), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 1573-174X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract A phenomenal expansion of the Nigerian university system began with the oil boom of the 1970s. Following a downturn in the nation's economy and the introduction of structural adjustment programmes, government subventions to Nigerian universities have dropped appreciably, and in real terms the universities have suffered considerable decline in purchasing power. Institutional structures for monitoring efficiency have played an important role in efforts to maintain academic standards; but in the face of continued uncontrolled expansion and in the absence of basic facilities for teaching and research, the university system cannot sustain a healthy growth. Greater attention is being given to improved fiscal management, income generation by the universities and rationalisation of academic programmes. As scholarships and bursary awards for able but indigent students are resuscitated, cost recovery measures in the universities need to be intensified. Proposals for the establishment of private universities operating within guidelines prescribed by the National Universities Commission (NUC) should be re-examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 19 (1988), S. 406-407 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Berichtet wird über den Vergleich zwischen experimentall und rechnerisch (nach der „Quadratischen Versagenshypothese“, QVH) ermittelten Schwingfestigkeitswerten bei mehrachsigen Spannungszustand. Die mit 372 Versuchsergebnissen an 54 Werkstoffen belegten Versagensgrenzen geben einen überblick zum Verhalten metallischer Werkstoffe bei Beanspruchung durch zwei und/oder drei schwingende Lastspannungen, insbesondere such mit Phasenverschiebung.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 22 (1991), S. 15-22 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Accuracy by Using newer Criterions of Strength for the Fatigue Behaviour of Metals under Multiaxial Alternating LoadThe prediction quality and applicability range of five newer developed approaches for determining the fatigue endurance limit of metallic materials under multiaxial loading conditions are tested by an extensive catalogue of present available experimental results. The discussion is limited to various biaxial states of combined normal and torsional alternating stress with synchronous or out-of-phase amplitudes and superimposed mean stresses. The statistical analysis of the deviations between experimental data (results from fatigue tests with probability of survival of Ps = 50%) and calculated values demonstrates significant differences with respect to the accuracy and validity; therefore and in consideration further aspects, a distinct quality rank of the examined computation methods is clearly indicated. As results of the recent examination can be stated, that in relation to the other failure criterions the “Quadratische Versagenshypothese” (QVH) is preferably recommended for a reliable application.
    Notes: Die Vorhersagegüte und Anwendbarkeit fünf neuerer Rechenvorschläge zur Bestimmung dauerfest ertragbarer Lastspannungen bei mehrachsig schwingender Beanspruchung metallischer Werkstoffe wird anhand eines umfangreichen Katalogs derzeit verfügbarer Versuchsergebnisse des zweiachsigen Schwingzustands überprüft. Die statistische Analyse der Abweichungen zwischen den Versuchsdaten und Rechenergebnissen lassen signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich der Treffsicherheit und Gültigkeit erkennen; dadurch ist eine deutliche Rangfolge der untersuchten Rechenmethoden gegeben. Im Zusammenhang mit weiteren Bewertungskriterien wird als Resultat dieser Untersuchung die „Quadratische Versagenshypothese“ (QVH) gegenüber anderen Festigkeitshypothesen bevorzugt zur Anwendung empfohlen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: High-Cycle and Long-Life Fatigue of 25CrMo4 under Multiaxial Load Conditions by three Alternating StressesStatistically verified experimental results from high-cycle and long-life fatigue tests (HCF and LLF) with altogether 537 unnotched solid cylindrical and thin-walled hollow specimen are demonstrating the fatigue behaviour (S-N-characteristics, scatterband) of 25CrMo4 under uniaxial loading with superimposed static stresses (consideration of the mean stress effect) and under biaxial loadings in variation of phase differences between the three combined normal and torsional stresses σx, σy, τxy The fatigue strength is commonly decreasing with life time in the high-cycle regime until reaching the fatigue endurance limit in the transition range to infinite life. The “ductility level” τw/σw and the “mean stress sensibility” p = p (σw, σzSch, Rm) are relatively independent of the intensity by stress amplitudes and fatigue life to failure. In comparision with the specific case of biaxial combined loading with synchroneous amplitudes, the fatigue resistance characteristics are detrimentally influenced by out-of-phase normal stresses σx, σy; a phase difference of 180° between the normal stress amplitudes is the most critical state of combination, especially in the lower cycle regime caused by a greater slope coefficient (probability of survival Ps = 50%). On the contrary is there in the high-cycle regime as well as in the long-life range no significant influence to the fatigue strength by biaxial load conditions of simultaneously normal stresses with out-of-phase torsional stress τxy
    Notes: Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse aus lastkontrollierten Einstufen-Schwingversuchen an insgesamt 537 ungekerbten Voll- und Hohlzylinderproben, die das Festigkeitsverhalten von 25CrMo4 unter einachsig mittelspannungsabhängiger und mehrachsiger Schwingbeanspruchung mit Phasennachlauf zwischen gleichzeitig angelegten Lastspannungen σx, σy, τxy im Bereich der Langzeitfestigkeit und im Übergangsgebiet zur Dauerschwingfestigkeit (σ-N-Charakteristiken) belegen. Das „Duktilitätsverhältnis“ τw/σw und die „Mittelspannungssensibilität“ p = p (σw, σzSch, Rm) sind verhältnismäßig unabhängig vom Amplitudenausschlag und der Anzahl ertragener Schwingspiele. Die allgemein mit steigender Schwingspielzahl niedriger liegende Ermüdungsgrenze wird im Fall kombinierter Belastung mit bis zu einer halben Lastperiode zueinander phasenverschoben schwingenden Normalspannungen σx, σy zunehmend kritischer gegenüber der synchronen Schwingung; der ermittelte Festigkeitsabfall ist im Langzeitbereich ausgeprägter als für die Dauerfestigkeit, dagegen üben Phasenverschiebungen zwischen Wechseltorsion τxy und Normalspannungen keinen deutlichen Einfluß auf die zeit- und dauerfest ertragbaren Lastspannungsamplituden aus.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Data and Calculated Results about the Fatigue Endurance Limit of Metals under Multiaxial Alternating LoadAn extensive catalogue of present available experimental data about the fatigue endurance limit of metallic materials under multiaxial loading conditions and thereupon determined deviation ratios between experimental results (long life fatigue tests) and calculated values by five newer computation methods is demonstrated (a further showed statistical analysis of these devations indicates, that in relation to the other failure criterions the „Quadratische Versagenshypothese“ QVH is preferably recommended for a reliable application). The tabulated data-catalogue totally includes 530 referenced loading cases (limited to various biaxial states of combined normal and torsional alternating stress with sinusoidal synchronous or out-of-phase amplitudes and superimposed mean stresses) with experimental results (probability of survival of PS = 50%) on metallic materials (unalloyed and alloy steels, non-ferrous metals and wrought aluminium alloys, cast irons and sintered metals).
    Notes: Vorgestellt wird ein umfangreicher Katalog derzeit verfügbarer Versuchsdaten zur Dauerschwingfestigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe bei zweiachsigen Beanspruchungszuständen mit sinusförmig schwingenden Lastspannungsamplituden, sowie hierzu ermittelte Abweichungsverhältnisse zwischen den Versuchsergebnissen und Rechenwerten, die sich jeweils bei einer rechnerischen Bestimmung der dauerfest ertragbaren Lastspannungen gemäß fünf neueren Festigkeitshypothesen ergeben (die in einer vorausgeschickten Arbeit vorgestellte statistische Analyse dieser Abweichungen hat gezeigt, daß die. „Quadratische Versagenshypothese“ QVH gegenüber den anderen Festigkeitshypothesen bevorzugt zur Anwendung empfohlen werden kann). Die anhand genannter Quellen fundamental recherchierte, tabellarisch dargestellte Datensammlung umfaßt insgesamt 530 Versuchsergebnisse (Überlebenswahrscheinichkeit PÜ = 50%) an Metallwerkstoffen (unlegierte und legierte Stähle, NE-Metall-Legierungen. Guß- und Sinterwerkstoffe) mit detaillierter Angabe der Belastungsparameter (Amplitudenverhältnisse, Mittelspannungen, Phasenverschiebungen).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-12-02
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0261-3069
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4197
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0261-3069
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4197
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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