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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of mitochondria in ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ethanol tolerance ; Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Mitochondria ; Growth rate ; Fermentation rate ; Ethanol inhibition constant ; Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; S. cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The presence of active mitochondria and oxidative metabolism is shown to be essential to maintain low inhibition levels by ethanol of the growth rate (μ), fermentation rate (v) or respiration rate (ϱ) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type strain S288C. Cells which have respiratory metabolism show K i (ethanol inhibition constant) values for μ, v and ϱ, higher (K i〉1 M) than those of “petite” mutants or “grande” strains grown in anaerobiosis (K i=0.7 M). In addition, the relationship between μ or v and ethanol concentration is linear in cells with respiratory metabolism and exponential in cells lacking respiration. When functional mitochondria are transferred to “petite” mutants, the resulting strain shows K i values similar to those of the “grande” strain and the inhibition of μ and v by increasing ethanol concentrations becomes linear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1986), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ethanol-sensitive mutants ; Lipid composition ; Fermentative capacity ; Viability in ethanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants unable to grow at ethanol concentrations at which the wild type strain S288C does grow, have been isolated. Some of them show additional phenotypic alterations in colony size, temperature sensitivity and viability in ethanol, which cosegregate with the growth sensitivity in ethanol. 21 selected monogenic ethanol-sensitive mutants define 20 complementation groups, denominated ETA1 to ETA20, which indicates that there is a high number of genes involved in the ethanol tolerance/sensitivity mechanism. Out of 21 selected monogenic mutants, 20 are not altered in the glycolytic pathway since, when maintained in glucosesupplemented medium, they can produce as much ethanol as the wild type and at about the same velocity. Nor do any of the mutants seem to be altered in the lipid biosynthetic pathway since, whether grown in the absence or in the presence of ethanol, their concentration of fatty acids and ergosterol is similar to that of the wild type under the same conditions. Therefore growth sensitivity to ethanol does not seem necessarily to be related to carbohydrate or lipid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412799
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic evidence for different RAD52-dependent intrachromosomal recombination pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1995), S. 298-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Intrachromosomal recombination rad51 and rad57 mutations ; RAD52-dependent pathways RAD10 ; Mitosis and meiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutations in the RecA-like genes RAD51 and RAD57 reduce the frequency of gene conversion/reciprocal exchange between inverted repeats 7-fold. However, they enhance the frequency of deletions between direct repeats 5–12-fold. These induced deletions are RAD1- and RAD52-dependent. On the basis of these results it is proposed that there are several RAD52-dependent pathways of recombination: the recombinational repair pathway of gene conversion/reciprocal exchange dependent on RAD51 and RAD57; a RAD1-and RAD52-dependent pathway exclusively responsible for deletions that are induced in rad51 and rad57 mutants; and finally, it is possible that the gene conversion/reciprocal exchange events observed in rad51 and rad57 strains represent another RAD52-dependent recombination pathway of gene conversion/reciprocal exchange that does not require Rad51 and Rad57 functions. It is also shown that the RAD10 excision-repair gene is involved in long gene conversion tracts in homologous recombination between inverted repeats, as previously observed for RAD1. Finally, an analysis of meiotic recombination reveals that deletions are induced in meiosis 100-fold above mitotic levels, similar to intrachromosomal gene conversion/reciprocal exchange, and that, in contrast to intrachromosomal meiotic gene conversion (50% association), intrachromosomal meiotic gene conversion is not preferentially associated with reciprocal exchange (12–30% of association).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential intrachromosomal hyper-recombination phenotype of spt4 and spt6 mutants of S. cerevisiae (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words  Transcription ; DNA repeats ; Hyper-recombination ; SWI/SNF ; SPT/SIN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   In order to test whether mutations affecting transcription also affect DNA recombination, we have determined the influence of a number of snf/swi and spt/sin transcriptional regulatory mutations on the recombination of a DNA inverted repeat. Among the nine different mutations analyzed, we found that spt4 and spt6 confer a significant hyper-recombination phenotpye. Both mutations produced increases in the frequencies of reciprocal exchange/gene conversion and deletion events ranging from 1- to 15-fold above the wild-type levels, as determined in six direct repeat systems and one inverted repeat. The frequency of mitotic recombination between homologs, determined at one chromosomal locus, was not affected. We discuss the intrachromosomal hyper-recombination phenotype of spt4 an spt6 on the basis of the possible functions of SPT4 and SPT6 on transcriptional regulation and on chromatin structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TREX is a conserved complex coupling transcription with messenger RNA export (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The essential yeast proteins Yra1 and Sub2 are messenger RNA export factors that have conserved counterparts in metazoans, designated Aly and UAP56, respectively. These factors couple the machineries that function in splicing and export of mRNA. Here we show that both Yra1 and Sub2 are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    mRNA processing and genomic instability (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 12 (2005), S. 737-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] DNA is a common substrate for numerous processes in the cell, such as DNA replication and repair and RNA synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis involves transcription and precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) processing, which includes capping, splicing and polyadenylation, the final ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0905-737
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations suppressing the effects of a deletion of the Phosphoglucose isomerase gene PGI1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 11 (1987), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Phosphoglucose isomerase ; pgi1Δ suppressor mutations ; Glucose-6-phosphate ; Pentose phosphate pathway ; Saccaromyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A mutant with a deletion covering the phosphoglucose isomerase gene PGI1, allele pgi1Δ, can only grow on a medium containing fructose and low concentrations of glucose whereas growth is completely inhibited by glucose concentrations higher than 0.4%. This was used to select suppressor mutants restoring growth on synthetic media with 2% glucose as the sole carbon source. One complementation group, SPG1, was defined by recessive mutations. The ability to grow on glucose media was strictly dependent on functional mitochondria. The generation time of the selected mutants on YEP glucose was 6–8 h. No ethanol was formed from glucose and the levels of respiration were very high. These phenotypes were also observed in single pgi1Δ mutants when growing on fructose media supplemented with 0.4% glucose. The other glycolytic enzymes, the enzymes of the glucose-6-phosphate oxidation pathway as well as catabolite repression were normal in suppressed pgi1Δ mutants. The suppressor mutation alone caused no abnormal phenotype. The results suggest that the spg1 suppressor mutations allow S. cerevisiae pgi1Δ mutant strains to grow on glucose by using the Pentose-P cycle in combination with unusual strong respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterokaryons (1984)
    Springer
    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast heterokaryons ; Heterokaryon instability ; Missegregation ; Nuclear inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have constructed heterokaryons of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by crossing kar1 — mutants incapable of nuclear fusion. Approximately 1% of the total zygotes from kar1 — crosses can form heterokaryotic clones. These are very small as compared to diploid colonies, and are composed mainly of a mixture of both types of heteroplasmons (cells which contain the cytoplasmic components of both parents, but the nuclear genotype of only one of them). This fact indicates that heterokaryons are unstable. This instability is already observed by pedigree analysis in the first zygotic divisions. We suggest that missegregation is the main factor in heterokaryon instability and results from an unequal nuclear transmission, which occurs when one of the mother nuclei divides and, although viable, does not migrate to the daughter bud. However, the proportion of inviable zygotes and buds found in the pedigree analysis, as well as the recovery of only one type of heteroplasmon, indicates the complete loss of one of the parental nuclei. Consequently nuclear inactivation is suggested as the second reason for heterokaryon instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419823
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic gene conversion of large DNA heterologies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Mitotic gene conversion ; Large DNA heterologies ; Double-strand gap repair model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gene conversion of large DNA heterologous fragments has been shown to take place efficiently in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been found that a 2.6 kb LEU2 DNA fragment in a multicopy plasmid was replaced by a 3.1 kb PG11 chromosomal DNA fragment, when both fragments were flanked by homologous DNA regions. Gene conversion was asymmetric in a total of 481 recombinants analyzed. In contrast, truncated PG11 or LEU2 genes in multicopy plasmids, gave no recombinants that restored a complete plasmid copy of these genes in a total of 242 recombinants studied, confirming that a conversion tract is disrupted by a heterologous region. The asymmetry of the events detected suggest that gene conversion of large DNA heterologies involves a process whereby a gap first covers one heterologous fragment and then this is followed by new DNA synthesis using the other heterologous fragment as a template. Therefore, it is likely that large DNA heterologies are converted by a double-strand gap repair mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425700
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion of the phosphoglucose isomerase structural gene makes growth and sporulation glucose dependent in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene replacement ; PGI1 deletion ; Glucose-6-P ; Glucose dependence ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structural gene PG11 coding for phosphoglucose isomerase was replaced by the LEU2 gene in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plasmids carrying the LEU2 gene between genomic regions flanking the PG11 gene were constructed and used to transform a PGI1/pgi1 diploid strain. Stable transformants lacking the PGI1 allele were isolated. Southern analysis of their meiotic products showed that haploid strains with a deletion of 1.6 kb within the 2.2 kb PG11 coding region were viable. Thus, the PGI1 gene is not essential in yeasts. However, unlike pgi1 mutants with residual phosphoglucose isomerase activity, no growth was detected in the pgi1Δ haploid strains when fructose was supplied as sole carbon source. The wild-type growth rate could be restored by adding 0.1% glucose to the medium. Furthermore, pgi1 mutants with residual enzymatic activity grew very slowly on fructose-supplemented media containing up to 2% glucose. Strains carrying the deletion allele, however, failed to grow at glucose concentrations higher than 0.5%. Also the pgi1Δ strains did not grow in glucose as sole carbon source. On the other hand pgi1Δ/pgi1Δ diploid strains did not sporulate on the usual acetate medium. This defect could be alleviated by the addition of 0.05% glucose to the sporulation medium. Under these conditions the pgi1Δ mutants sporulated with an efficiency of 25% compared with the wild type. These results suggest that (a) the phosphoglucose isomerase reaction is the only step catalysing the interconversion of glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P, (b) glucose-6-P is essential in yeasts, and (c) the oxidation of glucose-6-P through the glucose-6-P dehydrogenase reaction is not sufficient to support growth in yeasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425515
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