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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water 43 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Fracture trends (defined as kilometer-scale linear features interpolated between field observations of fractures along their strikes) often have a dominant orientation. Finding a correlation between this orientation and hydraulic data could shed light on their hydraulic influence. A significant correlation between head residuals from first-order regional drift and the orientation of 2- to 4-km-long fracture trends was found in a study site in the Negev, Israel, using the semivariogram cloud analysis. Correlation of head residuals rather than the head itself implies that the orientation of the fracture trends controls the anisotropy and heterogeneity at this scale, mainly because the fracture trends define the orientation of blocks, which differ in their hydraulic properties. Preferential transmissive pathways are probably shorter than the full extent of the fracture trends, causing a relatively high head difference along the trends on the 2- to 4-km scale. Fracture trend density and additional data from short-range hydraulic tests helped characterize two blocks separated by a fault zone. The identification of hydraulic features on a kilometer scale is necessary for better modeling of regional ground water flow and transport. Hydraulic tests at this scale are not feasible, thereby rendering combined analyses of head and structural data, such as the one presented here, essential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The mechanisms controlling fluid flow through fractures intersecting chalk in the vadose zone were studied through water percolation experiments in natural discrete fractures and by close examination of the inner Structure of fracture voids. The percolation experiments showed that the flow is focused in dissolution channels along the fracture plane, and that fluxes and flow trajectories within that net vary in both time and space. The locations of the dissolution channels, the main potential flow paths within the fracture plane, were generally associated with fracture Intersections. The flow through these channels was governed primarily by the mineralogical composition of the filling material and the inner structure of the fracture voids. Salt dissolution, solid-particle migration, and clay swelling were found to be the predominant processes controlling flow through the dissolution channels. These physical changes in the structure of the filling material in the dissolution channels accounted for the observed unstable flow behavior. Our results suggest that models aimed at simulating water percolation through fractures in unsaturated chalk should consider the mapping of fracture intersections in addition to the commonly used mapping of fracture lineaments. Moreover, the detailed characterization of fracture apertures may not be the key parameter determining fracture flow, because in such formations the flow is controlled primarily by filling material. These materials undergo significant physical variations during wetting and drying cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 6 (1998), S. 66-76 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words stable isotopes ; Israel ; numerical modeling ; arid regions ; rainfall/runoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une nouvelle méthode mathématique basée sur un modèle à double composante d'écoulement et de transport par une onde cinématique a été développée pour évaluer la distribution dynamique en isotopes dans les précipitations et dans l'écoulement en région aride. Ce modèle décrit le transport et les variations des δ18O de la pluie vers le ruissellement et l'écoulement de surface dans un bassin aride rocheux où le stockage se fait dans des dépressions peu profondes uniformément réparties. Le problème a été résolu numériquement. Le modèle a été calibré au moyen d'une chronique de débits et d'une distribution des δ18O dans la pluie et dans l'écoulement de surface sur un petit bassin versant rocheux du site expérimental de Sede Boker (Israël). La simulation d'un résultat crédible par rapport aux observations a été obtenu après un ajustement des paramètres par une méthode d'essais et d'erreurs. L'analyse de sensibilité et l'application du modèle ont ensuite été réalisés. Le modèle est plutôt sensible aux changements des paramètres caractérisant les zones de stockage dans les dépressions. Le modèle rend compte de l'effet de mémoire isotopique dans l'eau dans le stockage des dépressions entre les événements séquentiels de pluie. L'utilisation d'un modèle à double composante d'écoulement et de transport par onde cinématique permet un ajustement qualitatif et quantitatif adapté entre les distributions des δ18O calculées et observées dans l'écoulement de surface.
    Abstract: Resumen Un nuevo método matemático basado en un modelo de doble componente de onda cinemática de flujo y transporte permite caracterizar la distribución isotópica dinámica de las tormentas en zonas áridas y la escorrentía. Este modelo describe el transporte y la evolución del δ18O en la lluvia, flujo superficial y escorrentía en una cuenca rocosa de clima árido con detención superficial distribuida uniformemente. El modelo se calibró numéricamente utilizando un conjunto de datos de descarga temporal y de distribución de δ18O para lluvia y escorrentía recogida en una pequeña cuenca rocosa en el Centro de Experimentación de Sede Boker, Israel. Se obtuvo un buen ajuste a los datos tras un ajuste de parámetros mediante prueba y error. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad que indicó que el modelo resulta ser bastante sensible a cambios en los parámetros que caracterizan las zonas de baja detención superficial. El modelo también refleja el efecto de la memoria isotópica en el agua de estas zonas de detención entre los distintos periodos de lluvias. El uso de un modelo de doble componente de onda cinemática de flujo y transporte proporciona un buen ajuste cualitativo y cuantitativo entre los datos medidos y calculados de δ18O en la escorrentía.
    Notes: Abstract  A new mathematical method based on a double-component model of kinematic wave flow and approach assesses the dynamic isotopic distribution in arid rain storms and runoff. This model describes the transport and δ18O evolution of rainfall to overland flow and runoff in an arid rocky watershed with uniformly distributed shallow depression storage. The problem was solved numerically. The model was calibrated using a set of temporal discharge and δ18O distribution data for rainfall and runoff collected on a small rocky watershed at the Sede Boker Experimental Site, Israel. Simulation of a reliable result with respect to observation was obtained after parameter adjustment by trial and error. Sensitivity analysis and model application were performed. The model is sensitive to changes in parameters characterizing the depression storage zones. The model reflects the effect of the isotopic memory in the water within the depression storage between sequential rain spells. The use of the double-component model of kinematic wave flow and transport provides an appropriate qualitative and quantitative fitting between computed and observed δ18O distribution in runoff.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 8 (1992), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Surface-groundwater tracing ; obstruction to groundwater flow ; environment tracers ; surface-groundwater relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A process for identifying and quantifying a spatial subsurface flow pattern in a shallow semi-confined aquifer is presented. The conceptual model is aimed at describing the hydraulic effects of surface reservoirs on a shallow semi-confined conducting layer that results in salinization of the top soil. A qualitative study of the relationship between water load in reservoirs, the artesian conducting layer, and water in the top soil was based on chemical and isotopic characteristics. Results indicate limited infiltration from reservoirs into the top soil layers and probably no penetration of water into the conducting layer. Results were then used to establish the regional flow pattern emphasizing the role of surface reservoirs on the build up of artesian pressure in the shallow conducting layer. The flow system was formulated using a compartmental approach in which the unknown parameters are the various sources of recharge and the physical parameters of the aquifer. A complete mathematical setup and suggested solution for the mathematical algorithm are presented in a second paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 8 (1992), S. 21-35 
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; isotopes ; piezometric heads ; shallow aquifer ; surface reservoirs ; compartmental analysis ; storativity ; transmissivity ; leakage coefficient ; compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A compartmental model is developed to estimate flow parameters of a shallow aquifer affected by water loads in surface reservoirs and to evaluate its nonsteady flow distribution. The method incorporates temporal piezometric head measurements and sampling of water for dissolved chemicals and isotopes analyses. Each compartment is governed by a set of equations describing the conservation of linear momentum and mass balance expressions for water, isotopes, and dissolved chemicals. The number of compartmental balance expressions always must be greater than that of the unknown flow parameters associated with each compartment. An optimization method is described to yield spatial distribution of aquifer storativity, transmissivity, porosity, leakage, and compliance coefficients and fluxes leaking into an aquifer's lower boundary. Future predictions of an aquifer's piezometric head distribution in a compartmental system is formulated on the basis of the estimated flow parameters and the leakage components. Compartmental modelling which incorporates concentrations of environmental tracers, may yield efficiency in computing resources and accuracy enhancement for predicting an aquifer's flow regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-07-24
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-06-22
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-09-05
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1694
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2707
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-467X
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-6584
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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