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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of the Electric Field Induced Dipolar Alignment of Mesogenic Chromophores in Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxane by Second Harmonic Generation (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 2938-2943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular orbital and resonance Raman studies of the structures of N,N'-disubstituted indigo dyes (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 3431-3434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular orbital calculations have shown that the structures of both trans and cis isomers of N,N'-disubstituted indigo dyes are considerably twisted about the central C=C bond. The twisting angle of the cis isomer is not always larger than that of the corresponding trans isomer, indicating that the large hypsochromic shift on the trans→cis isomerization of N,N'-disubstituted indigo dyes cannot be explained by the twisted structure of the cis isomer. It is shown that the hypsochromic shift can be ascribed to a larger contribution of the zwitterionic form to the resonance hybrid structure in the lowest excited singlet state S1 than in the ground state S0 .This makes the repulsion between the negative charges on the carbonyl oxygen atoms enhanced and the instability of the cis configuration compared to the trans configuration much larger in the S1 state than in the S0 state and leads to a larger vertical S1 ←S0 transition energy for the cis isomer than for the trans isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456917
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio molecular orbital and resonance Raman studies of the structure of the lowest triplet state of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 2317-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio STO-3G and semiempirical modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO) calculations have been performed for the ground state, the radical cation, and the lowest triplet state of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD). The geometry of each state optimized by the ab initio calculation is not much different from that optimized by the MNDO calculation. The optimized structures of the ground state and the radical cation are both in good agreement with the structures determined by x-ray diffraction. It is concluded based on the molecular-orbital calculations as well as on our previously reported time-resolved resonance Raman spectra that the lowest triplet state of TMPD takes a "softened'' 1,4-quinoid-like structure in the planar configuration with the C=C bonds of the phenyl ring being lengthened while the N–Ph bonds shortened.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab Initio MO and X-ray Studies of Excited States in Molecular Crystals of 4-(ββ-Dicyanovinyl)-3-methyl-N-methyl-N-benzylaniline (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 8108-8120 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100020a038
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate levels among winter wheat cultivars varying in freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance during autumn and winter (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 103 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The LT50 values and soluble carbohydrate levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crowns and leaves were monitored throughout autumn and winter in cultivars varying in freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance during 1993/1994 and 1994/1995 in the field at Sapporo, Japan. During the first stage of hardening, from sowing to mid-November, the pattern of accumulation of mono- and disaccharides was similar for all cultivars. During the second stage of cold hardening, from mid-November to mid-December, the greatest accumulation of mono- and disaccharides, without a corresponding increase in fructan, was observed among the freezing-tolerant cultivars; and levels of simple saccharides rapidly decreased under snow cover. Conversely, levels of mono- and disaccharides in snow mold-resistant cultivars were less than 70% of those in freezing-tolerant cultivars before snow cover and maintained low levels throughout winter, while polysaccharide levels in snow mold-resistant cultivars were about 120% of those in freezing-tolerant cultivars in December. Sugar metabolism during the winter was examined using 18 cultivars in 1994/1995. LT50 values were correlated to the greatest extent with total mono- and disaccharide and fructan content among wheat cultivars excluding snow mold-resistant cultivars in December. Snow mold-resistant cultivars tended to metabolize carbohydrates more slowly until the end of the snow cover period. This result suggested that the enzymatic metabolism of the synthesis of sugars and the conversion of fructan to cryoprotective sugars in response to low temperatures, especially subzero ones, might be different between the two contrasting types in resistance to winter stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030102.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in the physical state of crown water associated with freezing tolerance in winter wheat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 99 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between freezing tolerance (expressed as LT50, the lethal freezing temperature for 50% of plants) and the amount and physical state (as determined by spin-lattice [T1] and spin-spin [T2] relaxation times of protons) of water in crown tissue was examined in contrasting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown under field conditions from 1992 to 1994. During acclimation, the LT50 values decreased from around -7 to -17, -20 and -27°C in PI 173438, Chihokukomugi and Valuevskaya, respectively. Tissue water content decreased continuously through autumn to reach a plateau around 3 g H2O (g dry weight)-1 in early winter when LT50 was still decteasing, and then gradually increased under snow cover. A significant negative correlation was found between mean minimum air temperatures and freezing tolerance prior to the establishment of continuous snow cover. In contrast, a positive association between mean minimum temperatures and crown tissue water content was significant only when air temperatures were above 0°C, as water content did not decrease further at sub-zero temperatures. Seasonal changes in T1 were closely related to changes in freezing tolerance. T1 decreased until January even though water content stopped decreasing. Further tests on 15 field-grown varieties confirmed a strong negative association between freezing tolerance and T1. The results suggest that cold hardening is comprised of two stages, with the transition occurring at ca 0°C. Development of hardiness was related to (1) a reduction in water content in the first stage (at minimum temperatures 〉 0°C), and (2) a change in physical state of water without much reduction in water content in the second stage. Varietal differences in hardiness thus arise due to changes in both water content and physical state of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00548.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heading behaviour in Japan of Turkish populations of cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata L. (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 643-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dactylis glomerata ; cocksfoot ; orchard grass ; Turkish population ; heading behaviour ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ninety-nine populations of cocksfoot collected throughout Turkey were examined for heading behaviour at Sapporo, Japan. In some populations, all the plants produced heads in the year of sowing or in the aftermath of the next year. Much of the Turkish populations, even from the mountainous regions with severe winters, is also distinct in heading behaviour in autumn from the north European types, which fail to head in the year of sowing. This behaviour is related to winter temperatures of the place of origin, with the milder winter tending to result in a higher heading rate. Date of heading is also influenced by the climatic factors of the habitat, especially by the length of the growing period between winter and summer dormancies. Turkish populations provided useful material for the study of flowering habit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038930
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation within isolates ofTyphula incarnata from localities differing in winter climate (1995)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 36 (1995), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: sclerotium germination ; specialization ; Typhula incarnata ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolates ofTyphula incarnata, a snow mold fungus, were collected from four localities with different winter climates. Their ecological traits such as mycelial growth rate, sclerotium size, carpogenic germination of sclerotia, and aggressiveness were compared between populations in order to reveal infraspecific differentiation associated with climatic differences. Population variability was evident only in sclerotium germination: isolates from more snowy localities germinated faster than those from less snowy localities.T. incarnata is regarded as a versatile pathogen with no specialized forms in contrast withT. ishikariensis. The germination rate of sclerotia is considered very critical in the life history ofT. incarnata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268551
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Winter hardiness in Turkish populations of cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata L. (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dactylis glomerata ; cocksfoot ; winter hardiness ; persistency ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Over a six-year period, Turkish populations of cocksfoot were investigated in the field at Sapporo, Japan, as to winter hardiness. After the first winter, only populations from the mild Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions were badly damaged. As the differential plant survival among geographical groups widened with the elapsing of years, we were able to rank the groups in descending order of relative hardiness from Eastern Anatolia, through the Black Sea, Central Plateau, Marmara and Aegean regions, to the Mediterranean region. This order was maintained throughout the experimental period. Winter temperatures prevailing in the locality of origin was the most important determinant of winter survival of the populations. The growth pattern in autumn and whether plants continued to grow through the winter or were enforced to winter dormancy, were related to differential survival between maritime and mountainous populations. On the other hand, this simple relationship is complicated by introgression. The subspecies distribution in the coastal region is related to a higher level of survival in the populations from the Black Sea region, where the continental type of cocksfoot occurs, than in the populations from the other maritime regions, where introgression has occurred from Daetylis glomerata subsp. hispanica with poor winter hardiness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023199
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sensitivities to radiations and radiomimetic chemicals of cells from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 28 (1983), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lethal action of physical and chemical agents on a fibroblast strain derived from a Japanese patient with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was measured by the cellular colony forming ability, in comparison with a British AT cell strain. Both of the AT strains showed a significantly increased sensitivity to X-rays and an antitumor agent bleomycin, as compared with normal fibroblasts. Also, the two AT strains were slightly more sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate than normal cells. The British AT strain (AT4BI) exhibited a marked sensitivity to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and to mitomycin C compared with normal cells, whereas the Japanese AT strain (AT1OS) showed normal response to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and a reduced sensitivity to mitomycin C. Sensitivity of AT1OS cells toN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was also normal under our experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01897042
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