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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A research effort has been undertaken to determine the feasibility of employing a forward-looking cockpit display to provide information that would enable aircraft to utilize reduced separation, and hence increased runway capacity, through the application of multiple-glide-path approach techniques. The current study was an initial exploration into this concept in which traffic information was added to a HUD format to allow the pilot to monitor the traffic situation and to self space on a lead aircraft during a simulated single glide-path approach. The results of this study indicate that this display concept can provide sufficient information to the pilot for traffic monitoring and self separation. Additionally, the pilots noted that an increase in situational awareness, relative to conventional instrument flight, was provided by the traffic information on the display.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A piloted simulation study has been undertaken to determine the feasibility and potential benefits of utilizing a forward-looking display to provide information that would enable aircraft to reduce their in-trail separation, and hence increase runway capacity, through the application of multiple glide-path approach techniques. This portion of the study was an initial exploration into a concept in which traffic information was added to a head-up display (HUD) format to allow the pilot to monitor the traffic situation and to self-space on a lead aircraft during a single glide-path approach task. The tests were conducted in a motion-base cockpit simulator configured as a current-generation transport aircraft and include the dynamic effects of the vortices generated by the lead aircraft. The information provided on the HUD included typical aircraft-guidance information and the current and past positions of the lead aircraft. Additionally, the displayed information provided self-separation cues which allowed the pilot to maintain separation on the lead aircraft. The results of this study indicate that the display concept could provide sufficient information to the pilot for traffic monitoring and self-separation.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-2300 , L-15736 , NAS 1.60:2300
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: One of the potential problems of in-trail self-spacing with a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) is whether dynamic oscillations would occur in a queue of aircraft flying an approach, similar to the ""accordion'' effect seem with the queue of automobiles in stop-and-go traffic. In order to gain some insight into this potential problem, a brief experiment was conducted with the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV) ground-based simulator equipped with CDTI which presented the position of other aircraft in the area. Three simulation sessions were conducted wherein queues of up to nine aircraft were built, each one self-spacing on the preceding aircraft. The aircraft crews were rotated to ensure that the pilots had no prior knowledge of the lead aircraft behavior they would be following. Two different spacing criteria were employed: a constant time predictor criterion and a constant time delay criterion. The experiment failed to uncover any dynamic oscillatory tendencies in queues of seven to nine aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-85699 , L-15692 , NAS 1.15:85699
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A piloted simulation study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of utilizing a forward-looking display to provide information that would enable aircraft to rredue their in-trail separation interval, and hence increase airport capacity, through the application of multiple glide-path approach techniques. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether information could be satisfactorily provided on a head-up display (HUD) format to permit the pilot to conduct a multiple glide-slope approach while maintaining a prespecified in-trail separation interval. The tests were conducted in a motion-base cockpit simulator configured as a current-generation transport aircraft and included dynamic effects of the vortices generated by the lead aircraft. The information provided on the HUD included typical aircraft guidance information and the current and past positions of the lead aircraft. Additionally, the displayed information provided self-separation cues that allowed the pilot to maintain separation on the lead aircraft. Performance data and pilot subjective ratings and comments were obtained during the tests. The results of this study indicate that multiple glide-slope approaches, procedurally designed for vortex avoidance, are possible while maintaining pilot work load and performance within operationally acceptable limits. In general, it would seem that multiple glide-slope approaches are possible even under reduced in-trail separation conditions if the pilot is provided with adequate situational information.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-2386 , L-15852 , NAS 1.60:2386
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The weather radar cathode ray tube (CRT) is the prime candidate for presenting cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) in current, conventionally equipped transport aircraft. Problems may result from this, since the CRT size is not optimized for CDTI applications and the CRT is not in the pilot's primary visual scan area. The impact of display size on the ability of pilots to utilize the traffic information to maintain a specified spacing interval behind a lead aircraft during an approach task was studied. The five display sizes considered are representative of the display hardware configurations of airborne weather radar systems. From a pilot's subjective workload viewpoint, even the smallest display size was usable for performing the self spacing task. From a performane viewpoint, the mean spacing values, which are indicative of how well the pilots were able to perform the task, exhibit the same trends, irrespective of display size; however, the standard deviation of the spacing intervals decreased (performance improves) as the display size increased. Display size, therefore, does have a significant effect on pilot performance.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-TP-1885 , L-14418 , AVRADCOM-TR-81-B-4
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Coded symbology, based on the results of early human factors studies, was displayed on the electronic horizontal situation indicator and flight tested on an advanced research aircraft in order to subject the coded traffic symbology to a realistic flight environment and to assess its value by means of a direct comparison with simple, uncoded traffic symbology. The tests consisted of 28 curved, decelerating approaches, flown by research-pilot flight crews. The traffic scenarios involved both conflict-free and blunder situations. Subjective pilot commentary was obtained through the use of a questionnaire and extensive pilot debriefing sessions. The results of these debriefing sessions group conveniently under either of two categories: display factors or task performance. A major item under the display factor category was the problem of display clutter. The primary contributors to clutter were the use of large map-scale factors, the use of traffic data blocks, and the presentation of more than a few aircraft. In terms of task performance, the cockpit displayed traffic information was found to provide excellent overall situation awareness.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-80221 , AVRADCOM-TR-80-B-2
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Traffic symbology was encoded to provide additional information concerning the traffic, which was displayed on the pilot's electronic horizontal situation indicators (EHSI). A research airplane representing an advanced operational environment was used to assess the benefit of coded traffic symbology in a realistic work-load environment. Traffic scenarios, involving both conflict-free and conflict situations, were employed. Subjective pilot commentary was obtained through the use of a questionnaire and extensive pilot debriefings. These results grouped conveniently under two categories: display factors and task performance. A major item under the display factor category was the problem of display clutter. The primary contributors to clutter were the use of large map-scale factors, the use of traffic data blocks, and the presentation of more than a few airplanes. In terms of task performance, the cockpit-displayed traffic information was found to provide excellent overall situation awareness. Additionally, mile separation prescribed during these tests.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TP-1684 , AVRADCOM-TR-80-B-4 , L-13584
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A modified complementary filtering technique for estimating aircraft roll rate was developed and flown in a research helicopter to determine whether higher gains could be achieved. Use of this technique did, in fact, permit a substantial increase in system frequency bandwidth because, in comparison with first-order filtering, it reduced both noise amplification and control limit-cycle tendencies.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL
    Type: NASA-TM-X-74004
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: With the proposed introduction of a data-link provision into the Air-Traffic-control (ATC) system, the capability will exist to supplement the ground-air, voice (radio) link with digital, data-link information. Additionally, ATC computers could provide, via the data link guidance and navigation information to the pilot which could then be presented in much the same manner as conventional navigation information. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using 4-sec and 12-sec information updating to drive conventional cockpit-navigation-instrument formats for path-tracking guidance. A flight test, consisting of 19 tracking tasks, was conducted and, through the use of pilot questionnaires and performance data, the following results were obtained. From a performance standpoint, the 4-sec and 12-sec updating led to a slight degradation in path-tracking performance, relative to continuous updating. From the pilot's viewpoint, the 12-sec data interval was suitable for long path segments (greater than 2 min of flight time), but it was difficult to use on shorter segments because of higher work load and insufficient stabilization time. Overall, it was determined that the utilization of noncontinuous data for navigation was both feasible and acceptable for the prescribed task.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-TM-84493 , L-15436 , NAS 1.15:84493
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effect on pilot performance of replacing a single electromechanical display with similar cathode-ray-tube displays was studied. The effects of dimensionality, color, and shading were evaluated with respect to the pilot's ability to interpret and respond to displayed information.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-80069 , L-12805
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