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  • 1
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    Drosophila Pgc protein inhibits P-TEFb recruitment to chromatin in primordial germ cells (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-18
    Description: Germ cells are the only cells that transmit genetic information to the next generation, and they therefore must be prevented from differentiating inappropriately into somatic cells. A common mechanism by which germline progenitors are protected from differentiation-inducing signals is a transient and global repression of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent transcription. In both Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the repression of messenger RNA transcription during germ cell specification correlates with an absence of phosphorylation of Ser 2 residues in the carboxy-terminal domain of RNAPII (hereafter called CTD), a critical modification for transcriptional elongation. Here we show that, in Drosophila embryos, a small protein encoded by polar granule component (pgc) is essential for repressing CTD Ser 2 phosphorylation in newly formed pole cells, the germline progenitors. Ectopic Pgc expression in somatic cells is sufficient to repress CTD Ser 2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Pgc interacts, physically and genetically, with positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), the CTD Ser 2 kinase complex, and prevents its recruitment to transcription sites. These results indicate that Pgc is a cell-type-specific P-TEFb inhibitor that has a fundamental role in Drosophila germ cell specification. In C. elegans embryos, PIE-1 protein segregates to germline blastomeres, and is thought to repress mRNA transcription through interaction with P-TEFb. Thus, inhibition of P-TEFb is probably a common mechanism during germ cell specification in the disparate organisms C. elegans and Drosophila.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719856/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719856/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanyu-Nakamura, Kazuko -- Sonobe-Nojima, Hiroko -- Tanigawa, Akie -- Lasko, Paul -- Nakamura, Akira -- R01 HD036631/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD036631-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):730-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06498. Epub 2008 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Germline Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18200011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental trial for the determination of the critical coagulation concentration using the sedimentation method (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1065-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Critical coagulation concentration ; iron (III) hydroxide sol ; silver iodide sol ; sedimentation ; Hamaker constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for determining the critical coagulation concentration (C c) from the change in the transmittance of the sol with stand time after adding a coagulating agent is discussed. Potassium nitrate was used as the coagulating agent because the specific adsorption of electrolyte ions on the particle and the hydrolysis of electrolyte ions are negligible. Apparent critical coagulation concentrations,C c a, of iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide sols were obtained from the transmittance vs. potassium nitrate concentration curves for various stand times. The values ofC c a decreased with increasing stand time. TheC c a value obtained for the shortest stand time was closer toC c obtained from the initial turbidity change of the sol by applying Rayleigh's law. The Hamaker constant for the particle in water was calculated from theC c a value obtained at the shortest time and the experimentally determined outer Helmholtz plane potential. The calculated Hamaker constants were comparable to the theoretical values for iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657675
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  • 3
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    U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein represses histone gene transcription in cell cycle-arrested cells (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-26
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    SWI/SNF complexes for nuclear RNP body assembly [Biochemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Paraspeckles are subnuclear structures that form around nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Recently, paraspeckles were shown to be functional nuclear bodies involved in stress responses and the development of specific organs. Paraspeckle formation is initiated by transcription of the NEAT1 chromosomal locus and proceeds in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Role of U7 snRNP out of S phase [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-11
    Description: Histone gene expression is tightly coordinated with DNA replication, as it is activated at the onset of S phase and suppressed at the end of S phase. Replication-dependent histone gene expression is precisely controlled at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U7 snRNP) is involved in the 3′-end processing of nonpolyadenylated histone mRNAs, which is required for S phase-specific gene expression. The present study reports a unique function of U7 snRNP in the repression of histone gene transcription under cell cycle-arrested conditions. Elimination of U7 snRNA with an antisense oligonucleotide in HeLa cells as well as in nontransformed human lung fibroblasts resulted in elevated levels of replication-dependent H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone mRNAs but not of replication-independent H3F3B histone mRNA. An analogous effect was observed upon depletion of Lsm10, a component of the U7 snRNP-specific Sm ring, with siRNA. Pulse–chase experiments revealed that U7 snRNP acts to repress transcription without remarkably altering mRNA stability. Mass spectrometric analysis of the captured U7 snRNP from HeLa cell extracts identified heterogeneous nuclear (hn)RNP UL1 as a U7 snRNP interaction partner. Further knockdown and overexpression experiments revealed that hnRNP UL1 is responsible for U7 snRNP-dependent transcriptional repression of replication-dependent histone genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that hnRNP UL1 is recruited to the histone gene locus only when U7 snRNP is present. These findings support a unique mechanism of snRNP-mediated transcriptional control that restricts histone synthesis to S phase, thereby preventing the potentially toxic effects of histone synthesis at other times in the cell cycle.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    An experimental trial for the determination of the critical coagulation concentration using the sedimentation method (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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