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  • 1
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    Silencing of bacterial competence [Microbiology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: A highly conserved DNA uptake system allows many bacteria to actively import and integrate exogenous DNA. This process, called natural transformation, represents a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involved in the acquisition of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants. Despite evidence of HGT and the high level of conservation...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Radio continuum detection in blue early-type weak-emission-line galaxies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: The star formation rates (SFRs) in weak-emission-line (WEL) galaxies in a volume-limited (0.02 〈 z 〈 0.05) sample of blue early-type galaxies (ETGs) identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, are constrained here using 1.4-GHz radio continuum emission. The direct detection of 1.4-GHz radio continuum emission is made in eight WEL galaxies and a median stacking is performed on 57 WEL galaxies using Very Large Array (VLA) Faint Images of Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) images. The median stacked 1.4-GHz flux density and luminosity are estimated as 79 ± 19 μJy and 0.20 ± 0.05 x 10 21 W Hz –1 , respectively. The radio far-infrared correlation in four WEL galaxies suggests that the radio continuum emission from WEL galaxies is most likely a result of star formation activities. The median SFR for WEL galaxies is estimated as 0.23 ± 0.06 M  yr –1 , which is much less than SFRs (0.5–50 M  yr –1 ) in purely star-forming blue ETGs. The SFRs in blue ETGs are found to be correlated with their stellar velocity dispersions () and decreasing gradually beyond of ~100 km s –1 . This effect is most likely linked to the growth of a black hole and the suppression of star formation via active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The colour differences between star-forming and WEL subtypes of blue ETGs appear to be driven to a large extent by the level of current star formation activities. In a likely scenario of an evolutionary sequence between subtypes, the observed colour distribution in blue ETGs can be explained best in terms of fast evolution through AGN feedback.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Lidar Measurements for Desert Dust Characterization: An Overview (2013)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-07
    Description: We provide an overview of light detection and ranging (lidar) capability for describing and characterizing desert dust. This paper summarizes lidar techniques, observations, and fallouts of desert dust lidar measurements. The main objective is to provide the scientific community, including nonpractitioners of lidar observations with a reference paper on dust lidar measurements. In particular, it will fill the current gap of communication between research-oriented lidar community and potential desert dust data users, such as air quality monitoring agencies and aviation advisory centers. The current capability of the different lidar techniques for the characterization of aerosol in general and desert dust in particular is presented. Technical aspects and required assumptions of these techniques are discussed, providing readers with the pros and cons of each technique. Information about desert dust collected up to date using lidar techniques is reviewed. Lidar techniques for aerosol characterization have a maturity level appropriate for addressing air quality and transportation issues, as demonstrated by some first results reported in this paper.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Relocation of fIMfR=2 events of the 1989 Dôbi seismic sequence in Afar: evidence for earthquake migration (1999)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 447-469, pp. L07302, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Location ; Migration of earthquakes ; Stress ; Fault zone ; Africa ; half-graben ; Dobi ; Lepine
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Reactive oxygen species mediate Terbufos-induced apoptosis in mouse testicular cell lines via the modulation of cell cycle and pro-apoptotic proteins (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: ABSTRACT Terbufos ( S - t -butylthiomethyl- O,O -diethyl phosphorodithioate) is a highly toxic organophosphate which is extensively used as an insecticide and nematicide. Chronic exposure to terbufos causes neuronal injury and predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has shown that the exposure to terbufos, as an occupational risk factor, may also cause reproductive disorders. However, the exact mechanisms of reproductive toxicity remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of terbufos on testicular cells and to explore the mechanism of toxicity on a cellular level. The cytotoxic effects of terbufos on mouse immortalized spermatogonia (GC-1), spermatocytes (GC-2), Leydig (TM3), and Sertoli (TM4) cell lines were assessed by MTT assays, caspase activation, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, Western blot, and cell cycle analysis. The exposure to different concentrations of terbufos ranging from 50 to 800 μM for 6 h caused significant death in all the used testicular cell lines. Terbufos increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and initiated apoptosis, which was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Blocking ROS production by N -acetyl cysteine (NAC) protected GC-1 cells from terbufos-induced cell death. The results demonstrated that terbufos induces ROS, apoptosis, and DNA damage in testicular cell lines and it should be considered potentially hazardous to testis. Together, this study provided potential molecular mechanisms of terbufos-induced toxicity in testicular cells and suggests a possible protective measure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Investigation of mechanical properties for open cellular structure CoCrMo alloy fabricated by selective laser melting process (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-23
    Description: Orthodontic implants have been a major focus through mechanical and biological performance in advance to fabricate shape of complex anatomical. Designing the part with a complex mechanism is one of the challenging process and addition to achieve the balance and desired mechanical performance brought to the right manufacture technique to fabricate. Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) is brought forward to the newest fabrication technology in this field. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) process was utilized on a medical grade cobalt-chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy. The work has focused on mechanical properties of the CoCrMo open cellular structures samples with 60%, 70%, and 80% designed volume porosity that could potentially emulate the properties of human bone. It was observed that hardness values decreased as the soaking time increases except for bottom face. For compression test, 60% designed volume porosity demonstrated highest ultimate compressive strength compare...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    CALIOP observations of the transport of ash from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April 2010 (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is an elastic backscatter lidar carried on the CALIPSO satellite. CALIOP observations between 15 and 20 April 2010 of volcanic ash plumes following the eruption of the Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull volcano are reported here. While CALIOP has limited spatial coverage due to nadir-only sampling, ash plumes were observed by CALIOP over a wide region - from the North Atlantic Ocean to eastern Europe - during both day and night. Due to its nadir-only view, however, CALIOP did not sample the densest ash plumes which were observed by passive satellite sensors and ground-based lidar. Lidar depolarization and spectral backscatter signatures are used to discriminate ash layers from clouds. Most ash was observed in thin layers of laminar appearance with thicknesses ranging from 0.4 km to a little more than 1 km and at relatively low altitudes, between 1 and 7 km. Most layers reported here produced strong lidar depolarization, indicating a predominance of ash over sulfate aerosol in the plumes. Estimates of lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio allow the retrieval of profiles of ash optical properties. Layers were observed with mean optical extinction ranging from 0.03 km−1 to nearly 1 km−1. Combined with an estimate of mass extinction efficiency, mass concentration profiles can also be estimated. These observations of the three-dimensional dispersion of the plume are complementary to observations from passive satellite instruments and ground-based lidars, and can be useful for verification of dispersion models such as those used by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles via an S-Propargylation/5-exo-dig Cyclization/Isomerization Sequence Using Propargyl Tosylates as Substrates (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/jo501980w
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Wintertime fCO2 Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004 (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Winter data of surface ocean temperature (SST), salinity (SSS) and CO2 fugacity (fCO2) collected on the VOS M/V Nuka Arctica in the subpolar North Atlantic between 2004 and 2017 are used to establish trends, drivers, and interannual variability. Over the period, waters cooled and freshened, and the fCO2 increased at a rate similar to the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. When accounting for the freshening, the inferred increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was found to be approximately twice that expected from atmospheric CO2 alone. This is attributed to the cooling. In the Irminger Sea, fCO2 exhibited additional interannual variations driven by atmospheric forcing through winter mixing. As winter fCO2 in the region is close to the atmospheric, the subpolar North Atlantic has varied between being slightly supersaturated and slightly undersaturated over the investigated period.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Africa is the source of all modern humans, but characterization of genetic variation and of relationships among populations across the continent has been enigmatic. We studied 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations for patterns of variation at 1327 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion markers. We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (approximately 71%), European (approximately 13%), and other African (approximately 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals. This study helps tease apart the complex evolutionary history of Africans and African Americans, aiding both anthropological and genetic epidemiologic studies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tishkoff, Sarah A -- Reed, Floyd A -- Friedlaender, Francoise R -- Ehret, Christopher -- Ranciaro, Alessia -- Froment, Alain -- Hirbo, Jibril B -- Awomoyi, Agnes A -- Bodo, Jean-Marie -- Doumbo, Ogobara -- Ibrahim, Muntaser -- Juma, Abdalla T -- Kotze, Maritha J -- Lema, Godfrey -- Moore, Jason H -- Mortensen, Holly -- Nyambo, Thomas B -- Omar, Sabah A -- Powell, Kweli -- Pretorius, Gideon S -- Smith, Michael W -- Thera, Mahamadou A -- Wambebe, Charles -- Weber, James L -- Williams, Scott M -- 1R01GM083606-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 HG003801/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F32 HG003801-01A1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F32HG03801/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076637/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076637-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083606-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065234/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065234-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL65234/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM076637/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1035-44. doi: 10.1126/science.1172257. Epub 2009 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. tishkoff@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; African Americans/ethnology/*genetics ; African Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; Cluster Analysis ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Geography ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation ; Language ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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