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  • 1
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    Cell type-specific neoplasia in Drosophila [Developmental Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: Only select cell types in an organ display neoplasia when targeted oncogenically. How developmental lineage hierarchies of these cells prefigure their neoplastic propensities is not yet well-understood. Here we show that neoplastic Drosophila epithelial cells reverse their developmental commitments and switch to primitive cell states. In a context of alleviated...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Multiband optical variability of the blazar OJ 287 during its outbursts in 2015-2016 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: We present recent optical photometric observations of the blazar OJ 287 taken during 2015 September–2016 May. Our intense observations of the blazar started in 2015 November and continued until 2016 May and included detection of the large optical outburst in 2015 December that was predicted using the binary black hole model for OJ 287. For our observing campaign, we used a total of nine ground-based optical telescopes of which one is in Japan, one is in India, three are in Bulgaria, one is in Serbia, one is in Georgia, and two are in the USA. These observations were carried out in 102 nights with a total of ~1000 image frames in BVRI bands, though the majority were in the R band. We detected a second comparably strong flare in 2016 March. In addition, we investigated multiband flux variations, colour variations, and spectral changes in the blazar on diverse time-scales as they are useful in understanding the emission mechanisms. We briefly discuss the possible physical mechanisms most likely responsible for the observed flux, colour, and spectral variability.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Spatiotemporal patterns in the mean and extreme temperature indices of India, 1971–2005 (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-13
    Description: ABSTRACT This study provides the comprehensive analysis of changes in mean and extreme temperature indices of India to assist the climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and to add information for the global comparisons, using a high-resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1° × 1°) during 1971–2005. In addition to the indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization/CLIVAR Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, few more indices having social and agricultural implication are investigated at the seasonal and annual scales, utilizing widely adopted statistical methodologies in climate research. The results show, in general, a robust signal of warming, broadly consistent with what has been observed and predicted in other parts of the world in the context of global warming. The frequency and intensity of warm extremes, especially representing the daily minimum temperature, have increased with simultaneous decreases in cold extremes in large parts of the country, but the spatial distribution of the trend magnitude reflects the complex natural climatic settings of India and its possible interaction with the anthropogenic forcing. Seasonal analysis reveals a faster warming in day and night temperatures in winter affecting the major wheat crop. In summer, however, both human and ecosystems appear to be more vulnerable to the increasing tendency of the heatwave occurrences, particularly during night-time, since the 1990s. The relationship with the large-scale natural climatic modes indicates that the warming indices tend to increase in the year following the El Niño events as evident from the correlation with the NINO3.4 index, with a relatively higher association in the monsoon season. Moreover, the concurrent correspondence of the summer heatwaves with the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature suggests a degree of predictability of the heat stress episode.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Increases in brain blood flow, evoked by neuronal activity, power neural computation and form the basis of BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) functional imaging. Whether blood flow is controlled solely by arteriole smooth muscle, or also by capillary pericytes, is controversial. We demonstrate that neuronal activity and the neurotransmitter glutamate evoke the release of messengers that dilate capillaries by actively relaxing pericytes. Dilation is mediated by prostaglandin E2, but requires nitric oxide release to suppress vasoconstricting 20-HETE synthesis. In vivo, when sensory input increases blood flow, capillaries dilate before arterioles and are estimated to produce 84% of the blood flow increase. In pathology, ischaemia evokes capillary constriction by pericytes. We show that this is followed by pericyte death in rigor, which may irreversibly constrict capillaries and damage the blood-brain barrier. Thus, pericytes are major regulators of cerebral blood flow and initiators of functional imaging signals. Prevention of pericyte constriction and death may reduce the long-lasting blood flow decrease that damages neurons after stroke.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976267/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976267/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Catherine N -- Reynell, Clare -- Gesslein, Bodil -- Hamilton, Nicola B -- Mishra, Anusha -- Sutherland, Brad A -- O'Farrell, Fergus M -- Buchan, Alastair M -- Lauritzen, Martin -- Attwell, David -- 075232/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0500495/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 3;508(7494):55-60. doi: 10.1038/nature13165. Epub 2014 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK [2]. ; 1] Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark [2]. ; Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. ; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. ; 1] Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arterioles/physiology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology/physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Capillaries/*cytology/drug effects ; Cell Death ; Cerebellum/blood supply ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/cytology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects/*physiology ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Female ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/biosynthesis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Pericytes/cytology/drug effects/pathology/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stroke/pathology ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Chromatin domain boundary element search tool for Drosophila (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: Chromatin domain boundary elements prevent inappropriate interaction between distant or closely spaced regulatory elements and restrict enhancers and silencers to correct target promoters. In spite of having such a general role and expected frequent occurrence genome wide, there is no DNA sequence analysis based tool to identify boundary elements. Here, we report chromatin domain Boundary Element Search Tool (cdBEST), to identify boundary elements. cdBEST uses known recognition sequences of boundary interacting proteins and looks for ‘motif clusters’. Using cdBEST, we identified boundary sequences across 12 Drosophila species. Of the 4576 boundary sequences identified in Drosophila melanogaster genome, 〉170 sequences are repetitive in nature and have sequence homology to transposable elements. Analysis of such sequences across 12 Drosophila genomes showed that the occurrence of repetitive sequences in the context of boundaries is a common feature of drosophilids. We use a variety of genome organization criteria and also experimental test on a subset of the cdBEST boundaries in an enhancer-blocking assay and show that 80% of them indeed function as boundaries in vivo . These observations highlight the role of cdBEST in better understanding of chromatin domain boundaries in Drosophila and setting the stage for comparative analysis of boundaries across closely related species.
    Keywords: Computational Methods, Chromatin and Epigenetics, Genomics
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Mechanical Properties and Wear Characteristics Al-ZrO2-SiCp and Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
    Description: Development of Aluminum Metal Matrix Co mposites (AMMCs) has been one of the major requirements in engineering applicat ions due to their excellent mechanical properties, light weight and high strength. In the present investigation, Stir casting technique has been used for fabrication of co mposites, taking Alu miniu m as parent metal, Silicon Carbide (SiCp) of 7 vol. % of 220 mesh size and 1.75 vol. % of graphite as reinforcements. The Zirconia content was varied as 2.75, 4.5 and 6 vol. % to fabricate three d ifferent types of hybrid composites. The tensile strength and hardness were measured in UTM and Vickers hardness tester respectively and the wear characteristics were studied in a pin on disc friction monitor under dry sliding condition against steel counter face. The tensile strength was found to be 90 MPa, 120 MPa, 130 MPa and hardness 80.25 VHN, 103.22 VHN, 103.77 VHN for 2.75, 4.5 and 6vol. % of Zirconia respectively. Fro m the above investigation, it is recommended th...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Wnt3a mitigates acute lung injury by reducing P2X7 receptor-mediated alveolar epithelial type I cell death (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-13
    Description: Wnt3a mitigates acute lung injury by reducing P2X7 receptor-mediated alveolar epithelial type I cell death Cell Death and Disease 5, e1286 (June 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.254 Authors: Y Guo, A Mishra, T Weng, N R Chintagari, Y Wang, C Zhao, C Huang & L Liu
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Low-Power Adiabatic Computing with Improved Quasistatic Energy Recovery Logic (2013)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-08
    Description: Efficiency of adiabatic logic circuits is determined by the adiabatic and non-adiabatic losses incurred by them during the charging and recovery operations. The lesser will be these losses circuit will be more energy efficient. In this paper, a new approach is presented for minimizing power consumption in quasistatic energy recovery logic (QSERL) circuit which involves optimization by removing the nonadiabatic losses completely by replacing the diodes with MOSFETs whose gates are controlled by power clocks. Proposed circuit inherits the advantages of quasistatic ERL (QSERL) family but is with improved power efficiency and driving ability. In order to demonstrate workability of the newly developed circuit, a 4 × 4 bit array multiplier circuit has been designed. A mathematical expression to calculate energy dissipation in proposed inverter is developed. Performance of the proposed logic (improved quasistatic energy recovery logic (IQSERL)) is analyzed and compared with CMOS and reported QSERL in their representative inverters and multipliers in VIRTUOSO SPECTRE simulator of Cadence in 0.18 μm UMC technology. In our proposed (IQSERL) inverter the power efficiency has been improved to almost 20% up to 50 MHz and 300 fF external load capacitance in comparison to CMOS and QSERL circuits.
    Print ISSN: 1065-514X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5171
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Sensitivity of the agroecosystem in the Ganges basin to inter-annual rainfall variability and associated changes in land use (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Description: ABSTRACT The rate of growth in agricultural production has been decreasing in several regions of the world in recent years. The availability of water, which is one of the main inputs, is becoming limiting and more variable. In this article, we study the sensitivity of the agroecosystem to rainfall variability in order to identify vulnerable areas. We applied a longitudinal assessment of remote sensing time-series data, using the correlation between inter-annual rainfall anomalies and anomalies in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a proxy for crop production. With a novel approach, we then identified whether the sensitivity results from a variation in crop growth or from a deliberate adjustment in the cropping pattern, reflecting a coping strategy. In our case study area, the Ganges basin, 25% of the basin area showed a significant correlation ( p  〈 0.10) between rainfall and NDVI anomalies during the summer monsoon-dominated cropping season, both positive and negative. During the consecutive dry season, 18 % of the basin area showed a significant correlation, mostly positive. This variation in sensitivity shows the added value of spatially explicit information from remote sensing over lumped crop statistics. Primarily in the drier western part of the basin, a coping strategy of increasing fallow land in years with below-average rainfall was detected. Distinguishing a coping strategy from a crop yield reduction is important from both an economic and a hydrologic perspective.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Hydrodynamic stability of three-dimensional homogeneous flow topologies (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-04
    Description: Author(s): Aashwin A. Mishra and Sharath S. Girimaji This article examines the hydrodynamic stability of various homogeneous three-dimensional flow topologies. The influence of inertial and pressure effects on the stability of flows undergoing strain, rotation, convergence, divergence, and swirl are isolated. In marked contrast to two-dimensional topo… [Phys. Rev. E 92, 053001] Published Mon Nov 02, 2015
    Keywords: Fluid Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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