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  • 1
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    Functional genomics reveal that the serine synthesis pathway is essential in breast cancer (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-16
    Description: Cancer cells adapt their metabolic processes to drive macromolecular biosynthesis for rapid cell growth and proliferation. RNA interference (RNAi)-based loss-of-function screening has proven powerful for the identification of new and interesting cancer targets, and recent studies have used this technology in vivo to identify novel tumour suppressor genes. Here we developed a method for identifying novel cancer targets via negative-selection RNAi screening using a human breast cancer xenograft model at an orthotopic site in the mouse. Using this method, we screened a set of metabolic genes associated with aggressive breast cancer and stemness to identify those required for in vivo tumorigenesis. Among the genes identified, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is in a genomic region of recurrent copy number gain in breast cancer and PHGDH protein levels are elevated in 70% of oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. PHGDH catalyses the first step in the serine biosynthesis pathway, and breast cancer cells with high PHGDH expression have increased serine synthesis flux. Suppression of PHGDH in cell lines with elevated PHGDH expression, but not in those without, causes a strong decrease in cell proliferation and a reduction in serine synthesis. We find that PHGDH suppression does not affect intracellular serine levels, but causes a drop in the levels of alpha-ketoglutarate, another output of the pathway and a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate. In cells with high PHGDH expression, the serine synthesis pathway contributes approximately 50% of the total anaplerotic flux of glutamine into the TCA cycle. These results reveal that certain breast cancers are dependent upon increased serine pathway flux caused by PHGDH overexpression and demonstrate the utility of in vivo negative-selection RNAi screens for finding potential anticancer targets.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3353325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3353325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Possemato, Richard -- Marks, Kevin M -- Shaul, Yoav D -- Pacold, Michael E -- Kim, Dohoon -- Birsoy, Kivanc -- Sethumadhavan, Shalini -- Woo, Hin-Koon -- Jang, Hyun G -- Jha, Abhishek K -- Chen, Walter W -- Barrett, Francesca G -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Tsun, Zhi-Yang -- Cowley, Glenn S -- Barretina, Jordi -- Kalaany, Nada Y -- Hsu, Peggy P -- Ottina, Kathleen -- Chan, Albert M -- Yuan, Bingbing -- Garraway, Levi A -- Root, David E -- Mino-Kenudson, Mari -- Brachtel, Elena F -- Driggers, Edward M -- Sabatini, David M -- CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866-06A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 18;476(7360):346-50. doi: 10.1038/nature10350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21760589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Citric Acid Cycle/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genomics ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism ; Melanoma/enzymology/genetics ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Serine/*biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Quantum correlations in optical angle-orbital angular momentum variables (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: Entanglement of the properties of two separated particles constitutes a fundamental signature of quantum mechanics and is a key resource for quantum information science. We demonstrate strong Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen correlations between the angular position and orbital angular momentum of two photons created by the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The discrete nature of orbital angular momentum and the continuous but periodic nature of angular position give rise to a special sort of entanglement between these two variables. The resulting correlations are found to be an order of magnitude stronger than those allowed by the uncertainty principle for independent (nonentangled) particles. Our results suggest that angular position and orbital angular momentum may find important applications in quantum information science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leach, Jonathan -- Jack, Barry -- Romero, Jacqui -- Jha, Anand K -- Yao, Alison M -- Franke-Arnold, Sonja -- Ireland, David G -- Boyd, Robert W -- Barnett, Stephen M -- Padgett, Miles J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):662-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190523.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Enhanced structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 – (x)Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 ceramics derived using mechano-chemical activation technique (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-01
    Description: The effect of Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 TiO 3 (BCT) substitution on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of mechano-chemically synthesized lead-free (1- x )Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 -( x )Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 TiO 3 ( x = 0.0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.50) ceramics have been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the formation of tetragonal phase with P4mm space group. The results indicate a strong influence of BCT substitution on the structural and electrical properties of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 TiO 3 (BST) ceramic. BST-BCT ceramic for x = 0.35 have shown high dielectric constant ε m ~ 21800, high remnant polarization P r ~ 10.16 μC/cm 2 , large piezoelectric charge constant D 33 ~ 293 pC/N, large piezoelectric voltage constant g 33 ~ 5.80 mV.m/N and highest dielectric breakdown strength E bd ~ 224 kV/cm among the five synthesized samples. The correlation between structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the BST ceramic with increasing BCT content have been systematically described on the basis of domain wall motion and grain size effect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Nutrient Enrichment on Native Tropical Trees Planted on Singrauli Coalfields, India (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth performance of nine native tropical tree species planted on mine spoil under two levels of NPK treatment was studied by measuring height and diameter. Of the nine species, four were leguminous. All the tree species responded positively to NPK fertilization; however, the impact on leguminous species was little compared to non-leguminous species. In general, the height/diameter ratio decreased from control to full-dose NPK treatment, suggesting that nutrient enrichment influenced the resource allocation pattern such that the diameter growth was favored. The log-transformed height-diameter relationships were significant for the three treatments in all the tree species. The slopes (β) obtained were compared with three different models of tree growth (i.e., elastic similarity, geometric similarity, and constant stress). Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina arborea, and Azadirachta indica fitted the elastic similarity model, whereas Pongamia pinnata and Phyllanthus emblica followed the constant stress model. Tectona grandis was the only species that followed the geometric similarity model. In Albizia lebbeck and Terminalia bellirica, the β values were considerably lower (i.e., below 0.5) and these two species did not fit any of the three models of tree growth. In several cases the β values were considerably influenced by nutrient enrichment.Key words: chemical fertilization, coal mine spoil, growth response, tree structure, tree volume, tropical tree species, height/diameter ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80011.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium alloy-solid lubricant talc particle composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3681-3685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the method of synthesizing cast aluminium alloy talc particulate composites and their mechanical and wear properties. Talc particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis techniques. Composites with two Al-Si alloys (LM 13 and LM 6) as matrices were prepared by heating the molten alloys to 750° C and adding the preheated talc powder (−150 + 50 μm size) after creating a vortex by mechanically stirring the melt. Simultaneous addition of 2 wt% Mg was found to facilitate the introduction and dispersion of talc particles in molten Al-Si alloys. Composites containing 2.8 wt % talc in LM 13 and 2 wt % talc in LM 6 have been prepared. Optical micrographs of composites revealed uniform distribution of talc particles. Hardness and tensile strength of LM 13+2.8% talc were 85 BHN and 126 MPa, respectively. After suitable heat treatment hardness and strength were increased to 125 BHN and 211 MPa respectively. Wear rates of LM 13+2.8 wt% talc and LM 6+2 wt % talc composites were found to be 22 to 30% less than the wear rates of corresponding base alloys without any dispersions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02403021
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium alloy-solid lubricant talc particle composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3681-3685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the method of synthesizing cast aluminium alloy talc particulate composites and their mechanical and wear properties. Talc particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis techniques. Composites with two Al-Si alloys (LM 13 and LM 6) as matrices were prepared by heating the molten alloys to 750° C and adding the preheated talc powder (−150 + 50 μm size) after creating a vortex by mechanically stirring the melt. Simultaneous addition of 2 wt% Mg was found to facilitate the introduction and dispersion of talc particles in molten Al-Si alloys. Composites containing 2.8 wt % talc in LM 13 and 2 wt % talc in LM 6 have been prepared. Optical micrographs of composites revealed uniform distribution of talc particles. Hardness and tensile strength of LM 13+2.8% talc were 85 BHN and 126 MPa, respectively. After suitable heat treatment hardness and strength were increased to 125 BHN and 211 MPa respectively. Wear rates of LM 13+2.8 wt% talc and LM 6+2 wt % talc composites were found to be 22 to 30% less than the wear rates of corresponding base alloys without any dispersions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553819
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of addition of barium, tin and silver on Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramic superconductors (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 1735-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of addition of barium, tin and silver, at the expense of bismuth, on the transition temperature and structure of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been studied. A comparison of the results with that of lead added samples indicates that ability of lead in enhancing the superconducting phase formation is unique. It is observed that none of the above additives replaces Bi3+ ions in the lattice structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sliding wear response of a zinc-aluminum alloy as affected by SIC particle dispersion and test conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1731-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006602521873
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of sintered 2014 aluminium alloy composite containing WC (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1983), S. 801-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720563
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sliding Wear Response of an Al–Cu Alloy: the Influence of SiC Particle Reinforcement and Test Parameters (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1998), S. 1121-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006692218537
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