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  • 1
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    Root effect hemoglobin may have evolved to enhance general tissue oxygen delivery (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: The Root effect is a pH-dependent reduction in hemoglobin-O2 carrying capacity. Specific to ray-finned fishes, the Root effect has been ascribed specialized roles in retinal oxygenation and swimbladder inflation. We report that when rainbow trout are exposed to elevated water carbon dioxide (CO2), red muscle partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) increases by 65%--evidence that Root hemoglobins enhance general tissue O2 delivery during acidotic stress. Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the plasma abolished this effect. We argue that CA activity in muscle capillaries short-circuits red blood cell (RBC) pH regulation. This acidifies RBCs, unloads O2 from hemoglobin, and elevates tissue PO2, which could double O2 delivery with no change in perfusion. This previously undescribed mechanism to enhance O2 delivery during stress may represent the incipient function of Root hemoglobins in fishes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rummer, Jodie L -- McKenzie, David J -- Innocenti, Alessio -- Supuran, Claudiu T -- Brauner, Colin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1327-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1233692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. jodie.rummer@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/*blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*blood/*metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Stress, Physiological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Large Eddy Simulation of a Bluff Body Stabilized Lean Premixed Flame (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: The present study is devoted to verify current capabilities of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology in the modeling of lean premixed flames in the typical turbulent combustion regime of Dry Low gas turbine combustors. A relatively simple reactive test case, presenting all main aspects of turbulent combustion interaction and flame stabilization of gas turbine lean premixed combustors, was chosen as an affordable test to evaluate the feasibility of the technique also in more complex test cases. A comparison between LES and RANS modeling approach is performed in order to discuss modeling requirements, possible gains, and computational overloads associated with the former. Such comparison comprehends a sensitivity study to mesh refinement and combustion model characteristic constants, computational costs, and robustness of the approach. In order to expand the overview on different methods simulations were performed with both commercial and open-source codes switching from quasi-2D to fully 3D computations.
    Print ISSN: 2090-1968
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-1976
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of extraretinal photoreception in the circadian system of the ruin lizard Podarcis Sicula
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 105 (1993), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90199-E
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin: A coupling device between oscillators in the circadian system of the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 103 (1992), S. 719-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(92)90172-M
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear and genomic changes in floating and submerged buds and leaves of heterophyllous waterchestnut (Trapa natans) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The heterophyllous macrophyte waterchestnut (Trapa natans L.) produces floating and submerged leaves which are strikingly different in morphology. In the present work, we compared, through cytological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical analyses, the nuclear features of the shoot meristem in floating and submerged buds that produce the different leaves. The occurrence of DNA polymorphism in the two types of leaves was studied by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) approach. The light microscope study of chromatin organization revealed an articulate structure of the nuclei, with prominent chromocentres in both floating and submerged buds. However, the meristematic nuclei of floating buds, as compared to those of submerged buds, displayed peculiar features which seem to be related to a higher proportion of A-T-ricn sequences and a higher level of DNA methylation of the nuclear genome. Moreover, RAPD analysis showed polymorphism between the genomic DNAs of floating and submerged leaves. These results show that organs of an individual plant living in different environmental conditions undergo changes in genome organization which may predispose those organs to function more effectively in different environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00473.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian organization in the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula: the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian ; Locomotor activity Suprachiasmatic nuclei Lesion ; Lizards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of electrolytic lesions to the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity were examined in ruin lizards Podarcis sicula maintained in constant darkness and constant temperature (29°C). All lizards (N=15) in which the lesion damaged 80% or more of the SCN became behaviorally arrhythmic. On the contrary, locomotor rhythms persisted in all cases (N=11) when the SCN remained intact and lesions were confined to neighbouring regions of the preoptic area. Taken together with previous work which demonstrates that the pineal and the retinae are not essential for the persistence of circadian locomotor rhythmicity in Podarcis sicula and with recent evidence showing the homology between the SCN of lizards and those of mammals the present results strongly support the view that the SCN of Podarcis sicula contain the primary pacemaker(s) for locomotor rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239930
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and molecular characterisation of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein S28 in Prunus persica [L.] Batsch (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsPrunus persica ; Ribosomal proteins ; Gene expression ; Gene regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RT-PCR was performed on peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) RNA to isolate cDNAs corresponding to transcripts which are differentially expressed in leaves borne on basal and apical shoots. A gene was identified which was more highly expressed in the leaves of basal shoots, and codes for the cytoplasmic protein S28 present in the small ribosomal subunit. The 5′ leader regions of RPS28 mRNAs were found to harbour 8–11 pyrimidine tracts, which suggested similarities to regulatory stretches that control the translation of mRNAs for ribosomal proteins in animals. The peach S28 is encoded by two intron-containing genes, which are both transcribed in mitotically active tissues such as developing leaves and roots. In situ hybridisation to shoot vegetative apices and the measurement of nucleus/nucleolus ratios indicated that RPS28 expression was confined to areas undergoing active cell division. The mature RPS28 mRNA was detected as a single species in actively dividing tissues such as apical tips, developing leaves, vegetative buds, stamens, developing fruits and roots. In contrast, accumulation of a precursor RNA, in the presence of the mature product, was found in fully expanded leaves and subtending stems, while only the precursor species was detected in several late-stage tissues. This phenomenon suggested that expression of the mature RNA is controlled at the level of splicing and turnover of the precursor RNA. This is similar to the mode of regulation of ribosomal protein genes in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051161
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of DNA replication origins by the cell cycle regulator, trigonelline, in root meristems of Lactuca sativa (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cell cycle – DNA replication –Lactuca (cell cycle) – Replicon – Root meristem – Trigonelline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  The effects of trigonelline (TRG) on the cell cycle in root meristems of Lactuca sativa L. were examined in the knowledge that TRG is a cell cycle regulator that causes cell arrest in G2, and prevents ligation of replicons in S-phase. The hypothesis was tested that continuous exposure to TRG would perturb DNA replication which, in turn, would lengthen the cell cycle and impair root elongation. Using DNA fibre autoradiography, mean replicon size was 31 and 13 μm in the TRG (3 mM) and control treatments, respectively. Trigonelline also resulted in a lengthening of both S-phase and the cell cycle and a decrease in primary root elongation. Hence, replicon inactivation was responsible for the protracted S-phase. Trigonelline treatment also resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in fork rate (13.8 μm h−1) compared with the control (8.4 m h−1). The faster fork rate in the larger replicons is in accord with the highly significant positive relationship already established between fork rate and replicon size for various unrelated higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000272
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  • 9
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    Projected changes in the probability distributions, seasonality, and spatiotemporal scaling of daily and sub‐daily extreme precipitation simulated by a 50‐member ensemble over northeastern North America (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Global warming is expected to produce modifications in the intensity, as well as in the seasonality and spatiotemporal structure of extreme precipitation. In the present study, the temporal evolution of simulated daily and sub‐daily precipitation extremes was analyzed to assess how they respond to climate warming over different time horizons. Pooling series from the recent 50‐member Canadian Regional Climate Model v5 Large Ensemble (CRCM5‐LE), the probability distributions, date and time of occurrences, and spatiotemporal structure of simulated Annual Maxima (AM) precipitation were analyzed at various spatial scales and for durations between 1h and 3 days. In agreement with previous studies, the results underline the large increases in AM precipitation quantiles, especially for the shortest durations and for the more extreme events (i.e. longest return periods), and modifications in their spatiotemporal scaling properties and annual and diurnal cycles. For instance, sub‐daily AM extremes are expected to occur later in the evening, while, no matter the duration, the extremes are expected to occur over a wider period of the year in future climate. Finally, the analysis of projected AM probability distributions showed that heavy‐tail Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions will most likely be observed in the future climate, with some model grid boxes experiencing a significant increase of GEV shape parameters. These results may have major consequences in terms of the occurrence and possible impacts of the most extreme precipitation events.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Nanotechnology makes biomass electrolysis more energy efficient than water electrolysis (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-05
    Description: Article Electrolytic water splitting requires high electrical energy consumption. Here, the authors report a new type of electrolyser that thanks to palladium-doped titania nanotubes oxidizes bio-alcohols, resulting in energy-convenient hydrogen generation as well as valuable chemical production. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms5036 Authors: Y. X. Chen, A. Lavacchi, H. A. Miller, M. Bevilacqua, J. Filippi, M. Innocenti, A. Marchionni, W. Oberhauser, L. Wang, F. Vizza
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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