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  • 1
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    RNA motif prevents Rho-dependent termination [Biochemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: The transcription termination factor Rho associates with most nascent bacterial RNAs as they emerge from RNA polymerase. However, pharmacological inhibition of Rho derepresses only a small fraction of these transcripts. What, then, determines the specificity of Rho-dependent transcription termination? We now report the identification of a Rho-antagonizing RNA element (RARE)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    A positive feedback loop promotes transcription surge that jump-starts Salmonella virulence circuit (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system is a master regulator of Salmonella pathogenicity. Here we report that induction of the PhoP/PhoQ system results in an initial surge of PhoP phosphorylation; the occupancy of target promoters by the PhoP protein; and the transcription of PhoP-activated genes, which then subsides to reach new steady-state levels. This surge in PhoP activity is due to PhoP positively activating its own transcription, because a strain constitutively expressing the PhoP protein attained steady-state levels of activation asymptotically, without the surge. The strain constitutively expressing the PhoP protein was attenuated for virulence in mice, demonstrating that the surge conferred by PhoP's positive feedback loop is necessary to jump-start Salmonella's virulence program.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shin, Dongwoo -- Lee, Eun-Jin -- Huang, Henry -- Groisman, Eduardo A -- AI49561/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8230, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Microfluidic memory and control devices (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: We demonstrate microscopic fluidic control and memory elements through the use of an aqueous viscoelastic polymer solution as a working fluid. By exploiting the fluid's non-Newtonian rheological properties, we were able to demonstrate both a flux stabilizer and a bistable flip-flop memory. These circuit elements are analogous to their solid-state electronic counterparts and could be used as components of control systems for integrated microfluidic devices. Such miniaturized fluidic circuits are insensitive to electromagnetic interference and may also find medical applications for implanted drug-delivery devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groisman, Alex -- Enzelberger, Markus -- Quake, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):955-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, MS 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Control of a Salmonella virulence locus by an ATP-sensing leader messenger RNA (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment inside macrophages. This compartment must be acidified for Salmonella to survive within macrophages, possibly because acidic pH promotes expression of Salmonella virulence proteins. We reasoned that Salmonella might sense its surroundings have turned acidic not only upon protonation of the extracytoplasmic domain of a protein sensor but also by an increase in cytosolic ATP levels, because conditions that enhance the proton gradient across the bacterial inner membrane stimulate ATP synthesis. Here we report that an increase in cytosolic ATP promotes transcription of the coding region for the virulence gene mgtC, which is the most highly induced horizontally acquired gene when Salmonella is inside macrophages. This transcript is induced both upon media acidification and by physiological conditions that increase ATP levels independently of acidification. ATP is sensed by the coupling/uncoupling of transcription of the unusually long mgtC leader messenger RNA and translation of a short open reading frame located in this region. A mutation in the mgtC leader messenger RNA that eliminates the response to ATP hinders mgtC expression inside macrophages and attenuates Salmonella virulence in mice. Our results define a singular example of an ATP-sensing leader messenger RNA. Moreover, they indicate that pathogens can interpret extracellular cues by the impact they have on cellular metabolites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Eun-Jin -- Groisman, Eduardo A -- AI49561/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI049561/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):271-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, New Haven, Connecticut 06536-0812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics/*physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; *Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Salmonella Infections/mortality/pathology ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Sequence Alignment ; Virulence/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    'Slings' enable neutrophil rolling at high shear (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Most leukocytes can roll along the walls of venules at low shear stress (1 dyn cm-2), but neutrophils have the ability to roll at tenfold higher shear stress in microvessels in vivo. The mechanisms involved in this shear-resistant rolling are known to involve cell flattening and pulling of long membrane tethers at the rear. Here we show that these long tethers do not retract as postulated, but instead persist and appear as 'slings' at the front of rolling cells. We demonstrate slings in a model of acute inflammation in vivo and on P-selectin in vitro, where P-selectin-glycoprotein-ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is found in discrete sticky patches whereas LFA-1 is expressed over the entire length on slings. As neutrophils roll forward, slings wrap around the rolling cells and undergo a step-wise peeling from the P-selectin substrate enabled by the failure of PSGL-1 patches under hydrodynamic forces. The 'step-wise peeling of slings' is distinct from the 'pulling of tethers' reported previously. Each sling effectively lays out a cell-autonomous adhesive substrate in front of neutrophils rolling at high shear stress during inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433404/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433404/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sundd, Prithu -- Gutierrez, Edgar -- Koltsova, Ekaterina K -- Kuwano, Yoshihiro -- Fukuda, Satoru -- Pospieszalska, Maria K -- Groisman, Alex -- Ley, Klaus -- EB02185/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB002185/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):399-403. doi: 10.1038/nature11248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesiveness ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; E-Selectin/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; *Leukocyte Rolling ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microvessels/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; P-Selectin/metabolism ; *Shear Strength ; Th1 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Venules/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    A Salmonella locus that controls resistance to microbicidal proteins from phagocytic cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Facultative intracellular pathogens pose an important health problem because they circumvent a primary defense mechanism of the host: killing and degradation by professional phagocytic cells. A gene of the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium that is required for virulence and intracellular survival was identified and shown to have a role in resistance to defensins and possibly to other microbicidal mechanisms of the phagocyte. This gene may prove to be a regulatory element in the expression of virulence functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, P I -- Groisman, E A -- Heffron, F -- AI07235/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI22933/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1059-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Proteins/*physiology ; Cytoplasmic Granules/analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Defensins ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Macrophages/analysis/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Neutrophils/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phagocytes/*physiology ; Plasmids ; Rabbits ; Salmonella typhimurium/*genetics/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The innate growth bistability and fitness landscapes of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: To predict the emergence of antibiotic resistance, quantitative relations must be established between the fitness of drug-resistant organisms and the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance. These relations are often unknown and may depend on the state of bacterial growth. To bridge this gap, we have investigated Escherichia coli strains expressing resistance to translation-inhibiting antibiotics. We show that resistance expression and drug inhibition are linked in a positive feedback loop arising from an innate, global effect of drug-inhibited growth on gene expression. A quantitative model of bacterial growth based on this innate feedback accurately predicts the rich phenomena observed: a plateau-shaped fitness landscape, with an abrupt drop in the growth rates of cultures at a threshold drug concentration, and the coexistence of growing and nongrowing populations, that is, growth bistability, below the threshold.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4059556/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4059556/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deris, J Barrett -- Kim, Minsu -- Zhang, Zhongge -- Okano, Hiroyuki -- Hermsen, Rutger -- Groisman, Alexander -- Hwa, Terence -- 1 U54 CA143803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM095903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1237435. doi: 10.1126/science.1237435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0374, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Chloramphenicol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/biosynthesis ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects ; *Genetic Fitness ; Models, Biological ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Reduction in adaptor amounts establishes degradation hierarchy among protease substrates [Microbiology] (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-09
    Description: ATP-dependent proteases control critical cellular processes, including development, physiology, and virulence. A given protease may recognize a substrate directly via an unfoldase domain or subunit or indirectly via an adaptor that delivers the substrate to the unfoldase. We now report that cells achieve differential stability among substrates of a given...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Transcription regulation by unusually long pause [Genetics] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-14
    Description: Up to half of all transcription termination events in bacteria rely on the RNA-dependent helicase Rho. However, the nucleic acid sequences that promote Rho-dependent termination remain poorly characterized. Defining the molecular determinants that confer Rho-dependent termination is especially important for understanding how such terminators can be regulated in response to...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic turbulence in a polymer solution flow (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is not fully understood. It is known that the flow of a simple, newtonian fluid is likely to be turbulent when the Reynolds number is large (typically when the velocity is high, the viscosity is low and the size of the tank is large). In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35011019
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