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  • 1
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    Structural-functional connectivity deficits of neocortical circuits in the Fmr1-/y mouse model of autism (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-22
    Description: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited form of intellectual disability disorder and a frequent cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is characterized by a high prevalence of sensory symptoms. Perturbations in the anatomical connectivity of neocortical circuits resulting in their functional defects have been hypothesized to contribute to the underlying etiology of these disorders. We tested this idea by probing alterations in the functional and structural connectivity of both local and long-ranging neocortical circuits in the Fmr1 –/y mouse model of FXS. To achieve this, we combined in vivo ultrahigh-field diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, and viral tracing approaches in adult mice. Our results show an anatomical hyperconnectivity phenotype for the primary visual cortex (V1), but a disproportional low connectivity of V1 with other neocortical regions. These structural data are supported by defects in the structural integrity of the subcortical white matter in the anterior and posterior forebrain. These anatomical alterations might contribute to the observed functional decoupling across neocortical regions. We therefore identify FXS as a "connectopathy," providing a translational model for understanding sensory processing defects and functional decoupling of neocortical areas in FXS and ASD.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Laser Ablation In Situ Silicon Stable Isotope Analysis of Phytoliths (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Key Points Development and verification of an analytical routine for in situ stable silicon isotope composition analysis of phytoliths based on fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. Screening phytolith populations from plant extracts showed a heterogeneous δ30Si composition, with variations of up to 2%. Soil extracted phytoliths underwent an amalgamation, diminishing information on phytolith heterogeneity. Silicon is a beneficial element for many plants and is deposited in plant tissue as amorphous bio‐opal called phytoliths. The biochemical processes of silicon uptake and precipitation induce isotope fractionation: the mass‐dependent shift in the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of silicon. At the bulk scale, δ30Si ratios span from −2 to +6‰. To further constrain these variations in situ, at the scale of individual phytolith fragments, we used femtosecond laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A variety of phytoliths from grasses, trees and ferns were prepared from plant tissue or extracted from soil. Good agreement between phytolith δ30Si ratios obtained by bulk solution MC‐ICP‐MS analysis and in situ isotope ratios from fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS validates the method. Bulk solution analyses result in at least twofold better precision for δ30Si (2s on reference materials ≤ 0.11‰) over that found for the means of in situ analyses (2s typically ≤ 0.24‰). We find that bushgrass, common reed and horsetail show large internal variations up to 2‰ in δ30Si, reflecting the various pathways of silicon from soil to deposition. Femtosecond laser ablation provides a means to identify the underlying processes involved in the formation of phytoliths using silicon isotope ratios.
    Print ISSN: 1639-4488
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-908X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Determination of Reference Values for NIST SRM 610–617 Glasses Following ISO Guidelines (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: We present new reference values for the NIST SRM 610–617 glasses following ISO guidelines and the International Association of Geoanalysts’ protocol. Uncertainties at the 95% confidence level (CL) have been determined for bulk- and micro-analytical purposes. In contrast to former compilation procedures, this approach delivers data that consider present-day requirements of data quality. New analytical data and the nearly complete data set of the GeoReM database were used for this study. Data quality was checked by the application of the Horwitz function and by a careful investigation of analytical procedures. We have determined quantitatively possible element inhomogeneities using different test portion masses of 1, 0.1 and 0.02 μg. Although avoiding the rim region of the glass wafers, we found moderate inhomogeneities of several chalcophile/siderophile elements and gross inhomogeneities of Ni, Se, Pd and Pt at small test portion masses. The extent of inhomogeneity was included in the determination of uncertainties. While the new reference values agree with the NIST certified values with the one exception of Mn in SRM 610, they typically differ by as much as 10% from the Pearce et al. (1997) values in current use. In a few cases (P, S, Cl, Ta, Re) the discrepancies are even higher. Nous présentons des nouvelles valeurs de référence pour les verres NIST SRM 610–617 en suivant les recommandations de l’ISO et le protocole de l’IAG. Les incertitudes au niveau de confiance de 95% ont été déterminées à des fins d’analyse totale et de micro-analyse. Contrairement aux procédures de compilation précédentes, cette approche fournit des données qui tiennent compte des exigences actuelles dans la qualité des données. De nouvelles données analytiques et le jeu de données presque complet de la base de données GeoReM ont été utilisés pour cette étude. La qualité des données a été vérifiée par l’application de la fonction de Horwitz et par un examen minutieux des procédures analytiques. Nous avons déterminé quantitativement les possibles inhomogénéités d’élément en utilisant des prises d’essai de masses différentes correspondant à 1, 0.1 et 0.02 μg. Bien que nous ayons évité les zones de bordure des disques de verre, nous avons trouvé des inhomogénéités modérées pour plusieurs éléments chalcophiles/sidérophiles et des inhomogénéités flagrantes de Ni, Se, Pd et Pt pour les prises d’essai de petites masses. La mesure d’inhomogénéité a été incluse dans la détermination des incertitudes. Alors que les nouvelles valeurs de référence sont en accord avec les valeurs NIST certifiées à la seule exception du Mn dans SRM 610, elles sont généralement différentes, avec des écarts de près de 10%, des valeurs de Pearce et al. (1997) qui sont d’un usage courant. Dans quelques cas (P, S, Cl, Ta, Re), les écarts sont encore plus élevés.
    Print ISSN: 1639-4488
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-908X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Precisely localized LTD in the neocortex revealed by infrared-guided laser stimulation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: In a direct approach to elucidate the origin of long-term depression (LTD), glutamate was applied onto dendrites of neurons in rat neocortical slices. An infrared-guided laser stimulation was used to release glutamate from caged glutamate in the focal spot of an ultraviolet laser. A burst of light flashes caused an LTD-like depression of glutamate receptor responses, which was highly confined to the region of "tetanic" stimulation (〈10 micrometers). A similar depression of glutamate receptor responses was observed during LTD of synaptic transmission. A spatially highly specific postsynaptic mechanism can account for the LTD induced by glutamate release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodt, H -- Eder, M -- Frick, A -- Zieglgansberger, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):110-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany. dodt@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infrared Rays ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Video ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photolysis ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glutamate/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Disruption of reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Memories become labile when recalled. In humans and rodents alike, reactivated fear memories can be attenuated by disrupting reconsolidation with extinction training. Using functional brain imaging, we found that, after a conditioned fear memory was formed, reactivation and reconsolidation left a memory trace in the basolateral amygdala that predicted subsequent fear expression and was tightly coupled to activity in the fear circuit of the brain. In contrast, reactivation followed by disrupted reconsolidation suppressed fear, abolished the memory trace, and attenuated fear-circuit connectivity. Thus, as previously demonstrated in rodents, fear memory suppression resulting from behavioral disruption of reconsolidation is amygdala-dependent also in humans, which supports an evolutionarily conserved memory-update mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agren, Thomas -- Engman, Jonas -- Frick, Andreas -- Bjorkstrand, Johannes -- Larsson, Elna-Marie -- Furmark, Tomas -- Fredrikson, Mats -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1550-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, SE-751 42 Uppsala, Sweden. thomas.agren@psyk.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Extinction, Psychological ; *Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Neuroimaging ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Mass Quantification of Nanoparticles by Single Droplet Calibration Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-30
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac400608c
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in the frog kidney: Saturation of transport mechanism
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 90 (1988), S. 471-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)90222-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of rat atrial natriuretic factor (rANF) on the renal function in frogs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 90 (1988), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)90221-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnostic value of the CA 15.3 determination in the post-care of breast cancer patients: First results of a prospective study
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 28 (1987), S. 19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4731(87)91154-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zerstörungsfreie, quantitative Bestimmung von innenliegenden Fehlern mit dem Wärmeflußverfahren (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 17 (1986), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nondestructive, Quantitative Evaluation of Internal Imperfections by Thermal Flux MethodThe thermal heat flux method with cholesterol liquid crystals to indicate the temperature is a nondestructive testing method, easy to handle and inexpensive. It is possible to inspect parts in the area. If the testing condition are chosen that there is thermal equilibrium the thermographs can be evaluated quantitative. This is the fact that the method not only detect a flaw but also the size and depth can be estimated.We will expect that the importance of thermography will grow up by the written improvement.
    Notes: Das Wärmeflußverfahren mit cholesterinischen Flüssigkristallfolien als Temperaturindikator ist ein einfach handhabbares, kostengünstiges zerstörungsfreies Prüfverfahren. Mit diesem Verfahren können Bauteile flächig auf Fehlstellen untersucht werden. Die bislang unberücksichtigte Möglichkeit im stationären thermischen Zustand zu prüfen, erlaubt die erhaltenen Thermogramme quantitativ auszuwerten. Dadurch kann aus den Thermogrammen Größe und Tiefenlage bestimmt werden. Es ist zu erwarten, daß die Bedeutung des beschriebenen thermographischen Verfahrens durch die erweiterte Aussagefähigkeit deutlich zunehmen wird.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19860170808
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