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  • 1
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    Rapid biotic homogenization of marine fish assemblages (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Article The response of marine fish assemblages to global change is not fully understood. Analysing a 29-year time-series, Magurran et al. show that despite little change in species richness, high species turnover is leading to North Atlantic groundfish assemblages becoming spatially homogenized, likely as a result of climatic change. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9405 Authors: Anne E. Magurran, Maria Dornelas, Faye Moyes, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Brian McGill
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    From individuals to communities: How singleton invasive pine saplings lead to biodiversity change in the Brazilian Cerrado hotspot (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Two contrasting Cerrado biodiversity hotspot habitats invaded by isolated pines were sampled. We detected marked changes in species richness in the dominant layer, but with the direction and nature of change linked to both the relative size of the invader and the local habitat structure. These context‐dependent and nuanced results can help explain why species invasion can lead to very different biodiversity outcomes. Abstract Questions How do newly established species interact with existing assemblage members to alter local biodiversity? This question is especially topical given growing concerns about increased temporal turnover levels relative to background rates. Pine (Pinus spp.), a major invasive taxon in the Southern Hemisphere, is progressively dominating remaining fragments of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), a biodiversity hotspot. Because the Cerrado's diversity is linked to habitat heterogeneity we argue that the impact of these invasive singleton pines will be mediated by differences in local habitat structure. Here we use isolated invasive pines (Pinus elliottii) in the Cerrado as a study system to test the prediction that changes in the diversity of native communities, in the presence of newly established exotic individuals, will be greatest in the dominant vegetation layer of a habitat. Location Itirapina Ecological Station, southeast of Brazil. Methods We used a stratified random survey in 5 m × 5 m pairs of plots invaded by a single pine individual, each matched by control uninvaded plots; both shrub and grass vegetation layers were sampled in both habitats. In total, 300 plots were sampled, 114 in the shrub‐dominated campo sujo and 186 in the grass‐dominated campo úmido. Results Over 400 plant species were recorded. In both habitats, we detect marked shifts in species richness of the dominant vegetation layer. In line with our prediction, the nature of these changes is mediated by local habitat structure. We find significantly reduced species richness in the shrub layer of the shrub‐dominated habitat, but elevated species richness in the grass layer of the grass‐dominated habitat in invaded sites (vs. control). In the grass layer of campo úmido, pine initially decreases dominance thus allowing more species to colonize the plots. Conclusions The shape of the diversity vs. establishment time relationship is layer‐dependent, with a significant relationship between dominance/evenness and pine size in the grass layer but no relationship in the shrub layer. Our results show that, although complex, the consequences for local biodiversity of non‐native species establishment are not haphazard and thus contribute to the understanding of species co‐existence.
    Print ISSN: 1100-9233
    Electronic ISSN: 1654-1103
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS).
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Threats to freshwater fish (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1215-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1177215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK. aem1@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes/genetics/physiology ; *Fresh Water ; Genetic Speciation ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Overlooked local biodiversity loss--response (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1098-9. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1098-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK. maadd@st-andrews.ac.uk. ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. ; School of Biology and Ecology, Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. ; Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Assemblage time series reveal biodiversity change but not systematic loss (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal alpha diversity, measured as change in local diversity, and temporal beta diversity, measured as change in community composition. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of alpha diversity. However, community composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models. Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change, and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal alpha and beta diversity. Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Shimadzu, Hideyasu -- Moyes, Faye -- Sievers, Caya -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):296-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    ECOLOGY. How ecosystems change (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):448-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK. aem1@st-andrews.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; Rivers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The important challenge of quantifying tropical diversity (2017)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-09
    Description: The tropics are the repository of much of the world’s biodiversity, yet are undersampled relative to temperate regions. To help fill this knowledge gap, a paper in BMC Biology explores diversity patterns in tropi...
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-7007
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
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    Estimates of local biodiversity change over time stand up to scrutiny (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-20
    Description: We present new data and analyses revealing fundamental flaws in a critique of two recent meta-analyses of local-scale temporal biodiversity change. First, the conclusion that short-term time series lead to biased estimates of long-term change was based on two errors in the simulations used to support it. Second, the conclusion of negative relationships between temporal biodiversity change and study duration was entirely dependent on unrealistic model assumptions, the use of a subset of data, and inclusion of one outlier data point in one study. Third, the finding of a decline in local biodiversity, after eliminating post-disturbance studies, is not robust to alternative analyses on the original dataset, and is absent in a larger, updated dataset. Finally, the undebatable point – noted in both original papers – that studies in the ecological literature are geographically biased, was used to cast doubt on the conclusion that, outside of areas converted to croplands or asphalt, the distribution of biodiversity trends is centered approximately on zero. Future studies may modify conclusions, but at present, alternative conclusions based on the geographic-bias argument rely on speculation. In sum, the critique raises points of uncertainty typical of all ecological studies, but does not provide an evidence-based alternative interpretation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 9
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    From species to communities: the signature of recreational use on a tropical river ecosystem (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Disturbance can impact natural communities in multiple ways. However, there has been a tendency to focus on single indicators of change when examining the effects of disturbance. This is problematic as classical diversity measures, such as Shannon and Simpson indices, do not always detect the effects of disturbance. Here, we instead take a multilevel, hierarchical approach, looking for signatures of disturbance in the capacity and diversity of the community, and also in allocation and demography at the population level. Using recreational use as an example of disturbance, and the freshwater streams of Trinidad as a model ecosystem, we repeatedly sampled the fish communities and physical parameters of eight pairs of recreational and nonrecreational sites every 3 months over a 28-month period. We also chose the Trinidadian guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) as the subject of our population-level analyses. Regression tree analysis, together with analysis of deviance, revealed that community capacity and community species richness were greater at sites with higher levels of recreational use. Interestingly, measures of community diversity that took into account the proportional abundance of each species were not significantly associated with recreational use. Neither did we find any direct association between recreational use and proportion of guppy biomass in the community. However, population-level differences were detected in the guppy: Sex ratio was significantly more male-biased at more disturbed sites. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple levels when asking how disturbance impacts a community. We advocate the use of a multilevel approach when monitoring the effects of disturbance, and highlight gaps in our knowledge when it comes to interpreting these effects. Using the freshwater streams of Trinidad as a model ecosystem we detected that community capacity and community species richness were greater at sites experiencing recreational disturbance, and that guppy sex ratio was significantly more male-biased at more disturbed sites. Despite this, we did not find evidence of changes in evenness or allocation with increased recreational use. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering multiple levels when asking how disturbance impacts a community.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Divergent biodiversity change within ecosystems [Ecology] (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-21
    Description: The Earth’s ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure, yet the nature of contemporary biodiversity change is not well understood. Growing evidence that community size is regulated highlights the need for improved understanding of community dynamics. As stability in community size could be underpinned by marked temporal turnover, a key question is...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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