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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of sclerotia-like cells in submerged Claviceps purpurea producing clavine alkaloids (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Claviceps purpurea ; Saprophytic ; Clavine alkaloids ; Ultrastructure ; Extended hyphae ; Blastospores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin sectioning of submerged mycelium of Claviceps purpurea Tul. producing clavine alkaloids revealed yeast-like budding resulting in asexual sporesblastospores. These deciduous spores were born by extended hyphal cells and retained the same ultrastructure of cell organelles. Both the extended hyphae and the blastospores resembled the cells of ergot sclerotial tissue. A surface culture of C. purpurea Tul. producing no alkaloids was used as a reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425347
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of citrate on the oxidative metabolism of submerged cultures of Claviceps purpurea 129 (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Claviceps purpurea ; Citrate metabolism ; Phosphate effect ; Glycolysis ; Krebs cycle ; Sugar metabolism ; Morphological alteration ; Alkaloid production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In submerged cultures of Claviceps purpurea citrate utilization was stopped when the pool phosphate concentration decreased to 0.44–0.55 mmol per g of mycelial protein. The absence of citrate in the medium resulted in a 50% decrease of biomass, cessation of the alkaloid (agro-, elymo-, chanoclavine) synthesis, formation of a central large vacuole, cell enlargement and medium acidification by lactate. Citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase gradually disappeared. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not detectable. The activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase increased by one or two orders of magnitude higher than in control culture (with 80 mM citrate). Substrate competition on the pyruvate level is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425260
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural localization of alkaloid synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum of submergedClaviceps purpurea (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Claviceps purpurea ; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ; Electron-cytochemistry ; Ontogeny of vacuoles ; Alkaloid synthesis localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acetyl coenzymeA (CoA) carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2), an enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of malonyl-CoA, was cytochemically localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of sclerotia-like cells of submergedClaviceps purpurea Tul. producing clavine alkaloids. The enzymatic activity was structurally bound in unit membraned of ER strands which, later on, evolved into vacuoled containing lipoprotein material. The reaction product was absent from ER in nonvacuolized filamentous hyphae and ovoid asexual spores containing numerous lipid globules; it was also absent from ER in the mycelium of submergedC. purpurea strain producing no alkaloids. In view of our previous morphogenetic observations and the available biochemical evidence, the observed localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was assumed not to coincide with fatty acif biosynthesis but to represent sites of alkaloid synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of fatty acids in submerged cultures of Claviceps species (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 30 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fatty acids were identified in the submerged mycelium of Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps paspali, Claviceps fusiformis and Claviceps sp. SD-58 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and used for a chemotaxonomical study. A close relatedness was found between Claviceps sp. SD-58 and C. fusiformis. The composition of fatty acids in high-production mutants differed substantially from that of the parent strains. Fatty acid analysis is thus probably only applicable in the taxonomy of non-mutated isolates of Claviceps cultured under standard conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01110.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-production mutant Claviceps purpurea 59 accumulating secoclavines (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 37 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new alkaloid-blocked strain has been derived from the tetracyclic-clavine-producing strain Claviceps purpureafrsol| 129/35. This strain, strain 59, was selected by a 3-stage UV-mutation of conidia. It produces up to 6.5 g/l alkaloids, consisting of chanoclavine-I (40–60%), chanoclavine-I-aldehyde (20–30%), elymoclavine (10–15%) and agroclavine (5–10%). The structure of chanoclavine-I-aldehyde was confirmed by 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01761.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological control and process kinetics of clavine alkaloid production byClaviceps purpurea (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Kinetic parameters of production of clavine alkaloids were evaluated in twoClaviceps purpurea strains. Mutagenesis brought about enhanced resistance of the biosynthetic system towards alkaloids. Addition of glucose into the fermentation medium altered the zero order kinetics of production to activation-inhibition kinetics. The glucose treatment allowed performance of both “elymoclavine-inhibitionless” and “clavine alkaloid-decompositionless” fermentations if a combination of fermentation and separation units in a closed loop was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982899
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological control and process kinetics of clavine alkaloid production byClaviceps purpurea (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Kinetic parameters of production of clavine alkaloids were evaluated in twoClaviceps purpurea strains. Mutagenesis brought about enhanced resistance of the biosynthetic system towards alkaloids. Addition of glucose into the fermentation medium altered the zero order kinetics of production to activation-inhibition kinetics. The glucose treatment allowed performance of both “elymoclavine-inhibitionless” and “clavine alkaloid-decompositionless” fermentations if a combination of fermentation and separation units in a closed loop was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphate regulation of phosphatases in submerged cultures of Claviceps purpurea 129 producing clavine alkaloids (1984)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1984), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Claviceps purpurea strain 129 was cultivated under submerged conditions in a sucrose-citrate medium containing high (36.8 mM) or low (1.84 mM) KH2PO4 concentrations. The permeabilized cells and culture supernatants contained alkaline and acid phosphatases. In the medium containing a high phosphate concentration, the synthesis of extracellular phosphatases was repressed, but that of cellular phosphatases was not. Extracellular phosphatases, especially alkaline phosphatases, were derepressed by transferring the mycelium into a phosphate-free medium. This derepression was inhibited by cycloheximide. In the presence of cycloheximide, the activities of the cellular phosphatases decreased markedly, indicating turnover of these enzymes. The cellular acid phosphatase was inhibited by phosphate (0.025 M–0.1 M) and NaF (0.01 M) while the cellular alkaline phosphatase was only inhibited by phosphate. Both cellular and extracellular alkaline phosphatases were more sensitive to repression by phosphate than the acid phosphatases. The alkaloid synthesizing enzymes were: a) present in mycelia grown in high levels of phosphate and b) activated by decreasing the intracellular phosphate level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261940
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological activity of immobilized cells of Claviceps fusiformis during long-term semicontinuous cultivation (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The 550-day semicontinuous cultivation of Claviceps fusiformis immobilized in calcium alginate is documented. The vegetative mycelium from seed or from early-production submerged culture is the best choice for immobilization. No extracellular glucans are produced by immobilized cells. Immobilized spores give low yields of clavine alkaloids. Alginate concentrations in a range of 2%–4% do not influence yield and spectrum of alkaloids. The cytoplasm of the immobilized cells becomes condensed (after 3 days), polysaccharides disappear, and centres of lipid synthesis are formed in the cytoplasm. After 60 days the cells harbour a great number of lipid particles, mitochondria are diminishing and their cristae partly disappear, indicating a decreased respiration capacity. After 350–500 days the volume of most cells is increased many times and the cells are filled with large oval bodies of electrondense material. Chloramphenicol protects immobilized cultures against bacterial contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of growth and alkaloid production in the submerged culture of Claviceps purpurea (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2837-2849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the batch cultivation of Claviceps purpurea was formulated. The main attention was devoted to the effect of exocellular and intracellular phosphate on the growth of the mycelium and production of clavine alkaloid under experimental conditions without limitation by carbon and nitrogen sources. The method of nonlinear regression was used ot predict the optional technological regime of the phosphate addition in the batch culture at different time intervals of additions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231217
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