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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology Evolutions of the Short Fatigue Crack Propagation of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Weld Metal (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface and depth morphology evodslutions of short crack propagation of 1Cr18Ni9Tiweld metal are investigated. In accordance with the previous effective short fatigue crack (ESFC)criterion, attention is paid on the formation zone of the dominant ESFC (DESFC), which resultedfinally in the specimen failure, in micro-structural short crack (MSC) regime and then, the tip zone(s)ahead of the DESFC in physical short crack (PSC) regime. Results show that in MSC regime thesurface ESFCs were imitated from the distributed randomly delta ferrite bounds separated fromaustenite matrix. The initiated ESFCs on surface propagated perpendicularly to loading axle. But indepth direction, the initiated ESFCs grew first similarly to the surface behaviour but lately, tended tobe perpendicularly to the formation direction of the material columnar grain structure. When sizes ofsome longer ESFCs reached around the material maximum barrier size, coalescence occurred to forma true DESFC. In PSC regime the surface DESFC grew almost perpendicularly to loading axle. But indepth direction, it grew first perpendicularly to the formation direction of the columnar grain structureand then, tended to having 45 degree angle to the loading axle. Obviously, the evolutions werestrongly affected by interactions between the load and the microstructures, especially, the columnargrain structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.46.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue Reliability Research on RD〈sub〉2 〈/sub〉Axle of Railway Freight Car (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 62-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Considering the difference between specimens and RD2 axle of C64A freight car, theextrapolated probabilistic fatigue S-N curves of LZ50 axle steel, which include the long life regime ofmaterial, are adjusted by introducing a probabilistic fatigue affecting factor, Kaffect. Based on theadjusted curves, fatigue reliability research on the axle at different operating speeds is carried out. Itutilizes the fatigue stress spectrums of the axle in two different wheel set states, namely, normal stateand scratched state. The fatigue operating life with arbitrary survival probability and confidence isobtained, and the failure rate with given confidence and design fatigue life is also achieved. Analysisresults indicate that the unloading groove of existent RD2 axle is the most dangerous part. When thewheel set is in normal state, fatigue life of C64A freight car RD2 axle decreases with the increase ofreliability. Furthermore, scratched wheel set shortens the fatigue life strongly. Therefore, inspectionand administration of scratched wheel set are significant. The application of wheel set at relativelyhigh scratch level and high operating speed should be restricted
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.62.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation on the Short Fatigue Crack Initiation of LZ50 Axle Steel for Railway Vehicles (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 989-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The short fatigue crack initiation of LZ50 axle steel for railway vehicles was investigatedby numerical simulation in this paper. The microstructure of LZ50 steel was constructed with theapplication of 2D Voronoi tessellation. The stress and strain distributions in the microstructure wereobtained by FEM under the boundary condition shifted from loading level applied in fatiguespecimen of this steel. Finally, the probability of short fatigue crack initiation was given withdifferent loading cycles to illustrate the process of crack initiation of LZ50 steel under the givenloading cycles based on the S-N curve of the material. The further work on the research of crackgrowth and collective evolution of short fatigue cracks can be conducted with the simulated resultsof crack initiation in the microstructure of LZ50 steel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.989.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the Behavior of Short Fatigue Cracks under Variable Amplitude Loading Using FEM (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 985-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The behavior of short fatigue cracks under variable amplitude loading (VA) wasinvestigated by FEM. The crack closure induced by the crack surface roughness was taken intoconsideration by using the contact between these crack surfaces. The effects of variable amplitudeloading on the performance of short cracks are demonstrated with factors such as grain orientationand misorientation, crack length and the friction efficient between the contacted crack surfaces.Through the two indicators, crack tip opening displacement represented by "CTOD and "CTSDand the plastic strain range of crack tip, the characteristics of short cracks affected by loadingblocks are discussed in detail. It is shown from the numerical results that the significance of thedesign of loading blocks in the fatigue experiments is evident and the performance of short cracksfrom the variable amplitude loading is more effective due to the closer to practice
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.985.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Reconstruction of the One-Dimensional Mechanical and Fatigue Strengths (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2493-2496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Monte-Carlo simulation method for the reconstruction of one-dimensional probabilisticmechanical and fatigue strengths is developed to realize reliability analysis at arbitrary probability andconfidence levels. This method is valid to the cases of the probabilistic parameters given at specialprobabilities (Ps) or probability-confidences (P-Cs). To overcome the shortage of commonsimulations with numerous samples which is out of true production practice, a simulation policy isnewly suggested with 7 to 20 samples for material small specimens and, at most 10 for structuralspecimens and 5 percentages for the error of simulated parameters fitting the original ones. Details ofthe method in practice are studied for the six possible statistical distributions i.e. normal, lognormal,three-parameter Weibull, two-parameter Weibull, maximum value, and minimum value ones. Thereconstructions of the fatigue limits of 10 Chinese engineering materials have indicated theavailability and feasibility of the present method
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.2493.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of the Material Probabilistic S-N Relations with Given Confidence (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 66-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Because of the huge cost involved in data acquisition, probabilistic S-N relations should begiven on a wide applicable sense to perform the reliability analysis at arbitrary survivalprobability-confidence (P-C) level. However, some existent fatigue databases give the materialprobabilistic S-N relations only with several fixed P-C levels. To realize the reliability analysis on asense of arbitrary P-C level, a Monte Carlo simulation method is presented for reconstruction of therelations. Test data are re-gotten by a method under the new simulation policy that matchingproduction practice according to original statistical parameters. Details are given with respect to thepossible cases of known conditions. The relations are finally determined by maximum likelihoodestimation on a general model to realize the analysis at arbitrary P-C level. Reconstruction of therelations for 60Si2Mn spring steel has indicated the availability and feasibility of present method
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.66.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management System on Fatigue Reliability Database of Chinese Engineering Materials (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 925-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A management system on fatigue and fracture reliability database is developed for Chineseengineering materials. Considering extensibility, maintainability, reliability, safety, economy, andconvenient usage, the system was established on a basis of combining technologies of IIS+ASP.NET+ADO.NET+SQL Server. Seven sub-databases were included. Main contents consist of probabilisticfatigue constitutions, fatigue strengths, strength-life curves, strain strength-life curves, crackingthresholds, fracture roughness values, and fatigue crack growth rates. Three searching ways areprovided respectively by material name, chemical compositions, and mechanical properties. Perfectinformation for the seven sub-databases has been derived to benefit the wide applications for practice
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.925.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid Fatigue Analysis Method for Railway Carbody Structure (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 733-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Railway vehicle structure fatigue life consumption monitoring can be used to determinefatigue damage by directly or indirectly monitoring the loads placed on critical vehicle componentssusceptible to failure from fatigue damage. The sample locomotive carbody structure was used forthis study. Firstly, the hybrid fatigue analysis method was used with Multi-Body System (MBS)simulation and Finite Element Method (FEM) for evaluating the carbody structure dynamic stresshistories. Secondly, the standard fatigue time domain method was used in fatigue analysis softwareFE-FATIGUE and MATLAB WAFO (Wave Analysis for Fatigue and Oceanography) tools. Andcarbody structure fatigue life and fatigue damage were predicted. Finally, and carbody structuredynamic stress experimental data was taken from this locomotive running between Kunming-Weishefor this analysis. The data was used to validate the simulation results based on hybrid method. Theanalysis results show that the hybrid method prediction error is approximately 30.7%. It alsoillustrates that the fatigue life and durability of the locomotive can be predicted with this hybridmethod. The results of this study can be modified to be representative of the railway vehicle dynamicstress test
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.733.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probabilistic Critical Fatigue Safety State of the RD2 Type Axle of China Railway Freight Car (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 751-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Critical fatigue safety state is investigated on RD2 type axle of China railway freight cars.Attention is paid on the grooves near axle boxes, where more fatigue cracks were early appeared evenresult in at least six derailed accidents. Load history was obtained by vehicle dynamics simulationcombining with on-line inspection. Braking loads and effects of maintenance and off-round of wheelsare also incorporated. Semi-elliptical and external circumferential cracks are employed for crackgrowth simulation. Crack shape change and shear stressing of the semi-elliptical crack are taken intoaccount. New crack growth rate modeling in which covers from cracking threshold to toughnessrelated fracture state is applied for residual life evaluation. Critical fatigue safety state is defined as thecrack size from which the axle can be safely operated to next overhaul inspection. Critical crack sizeis estimated step-by-step with the crack shape change. Results show that the external circumferentialcrack is more dangerous than the semi-elliptical crack. Application more than two years in productionverifies that the present assessment is available and reliable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.751.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probabilistic Critical Safety Wheel Wear Sizes of Chinese Railway Freight Cars (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 759-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Critical safety wheel wear size is investigated through considering the fatigue safety effecton RD2 type axle of China railway freight cars. The wheel wear size increase results in a rise of thewheel-rail contact forces, which increase the fatigue stress history of the axle in service. Therefore,the size must be controlled to maintain the axle safety in service before the next overhaul inspection.A field investigation was firstly made on the wear size change regularity. Then, the size relatedwheel-rail impact forces are solved by a non-linear Hertzian contact theory with a vehicle multi-bodydynamic model. In addition, a statistical method is further developed for incorporating the impactforces into the wheelset service load history. Finally, a wear size related critical state equation isestablished for ensuring the axle safety in service. A stationary solution is statistically obtained forthe critical wear sizes with respect to the axle circumferential crack and semi-elliptical crack. It isconcluded that the critical safety wear size should be controlled in the range of 100 mm at thestatistical level of survival probability 0.99 and confidence 95%
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.759.pdf
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