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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 laser processing of diffusion induced lattice imperfections in silicon: Experiment and theory (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2981-2988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The high-temperature diffusion of phosphorus into crystalline silicon causes the formation of electrically inactive phosphorus-rich precipitates near the surface. These precipitates decrease the carrier lifetime and mobility in the diffused layer, and thus lead to less than optimal diode characteristics of electrical junctions formed by diffusion of phosphorus into a p-type substrate. We show that the free-carrier absorption of a CO2 laser pulse can be used to completely dissolve the precipitates and remove dislocations in the diffused layer. Furthermore, we find that there are distinct advantages in depositing the pulse energy by way of free-carrier transitions, since the energy can be preferentially deposited in either confined doped layers or diffusion wells that are surrounded by lightly doped material. Our transmission electron microscopy results show that the annealing of the extended lattice defects is caused by melting of the near-surface region and subsequent liquid-phase epitaxial regrowth. Van der Pauw measurements are used to study the carrier concentration, mobility, and sheet resistivity of the samples before and after laser irradiation. The results of the electrical measurements show that there is a large increase in the carrier concentrations and a corresponding drop in the sheet resistivities of the laser irradiated samples. Using a Fourier transforminfrared spectrometer, we find that significant changes occur in the transmittance and reflectance spectra after CO2 laser annealing. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements are used to determine the redistribution of the phosphorus as a function of the pulse energy density. A time resolved pump-and-probe technique is utilized to measure the threshold for the onset of surface melting and the melt duration. We find that for energy densities greater than about 3 J/cm2, the reflectivity of the probe laser (at 633-nm wavelength) jumps rapidly to 70%, which is consistent with the reflectivity of liquid silicon. The interpretation of the laser induced changes in the electrical, optical, and structural properties is based on a thermal model, in which surface melting occurs for incident pulse energy densities exceeding a threshold value. Comparative calculations are reported for the melt depths and duration of surface melting, and good agreement is found. Other calculated results for the transient heating and cooling of the near-surface region are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339384
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of transition-metal elements on tellurium alloys for reversible optical-data storage (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 4319-4322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tellurium-based alloys are being applied to phase-change, reversible optical-data storage. In order to improve the disk performances, research efforts have been concentrated on increasing the erase speed (crystallization rate) while maintaining good film stability. We report, for the first time, that certain transition-metal elements added to Te-alloy films can substantially improve the rate of crystallization without any reduction of the amorphous-phase stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337476
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-plane epitaxial alignment of YBa2Cu3O7−x films grown on silver crystals and buffer layers (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1836-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films were grown by laser ablation on Ag(001), Ag(110), and Ag(111) single-crystal surfaces. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that, in all cases, the films were aligned with specific in-plane epitaxial orientation with respect to the crystallographic axes of the substrate. The observed orientations were consistent with predictions of near-coincident site lattice models of the YBCO-Ag interface. This technique for achieving three-dimensional film alignment was extended to include a Ag epitaxial buffer layer on mica in place of a bulk Ag crystal. In-plane epitaxial alignment on metal substrates and buffer layers has important consequences in practical applications for inhibiting weak-link behavior caused by high-angle grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser Processing of Semiconductor Materials (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 12 (1982), S. 323-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.12.080182.001543
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epithelium of turbellaria (1912)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 23 (1912), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050230204
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  • 6
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    Optical Properties of Heavily Doped Silicon between 1.5 and 4.1 eV (1981)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-25
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 7
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    Superconductivity at 155 K (1987)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-15
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 8
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    SEDIMENT PERMEABILITY AND THE PRESERVATION OF SOFT-TISSUES IN CONCRETIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY (2015)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    In: PALAIOS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: Sediment permeability is hypothesized to affect soft tissue fossilization within concretions through its effects on organic decay and concretion growth. The role of permeability was tested in a series of experiments in which cod tissue was decayed in glass beads of varying permeabilities. Decay was measured using infrared gas analysis (IRGA), and mineral precipitation within the beads (a proxy for concretion growth) was measured using micro CT scanning. The interactions of the three variables—sediment permeability, decay, and mineralization—were assessed with MANOVA and with linear regressions of decay and precipitation per unit decay on permeability. These two linear regressions were combined into a more general, nonlinear expression of the relationship between permeability and total mineral precipitation. The results show that sediment permeability has two competing effects on precipitation, the strength of each varying dynamically depending on permeability. Low permeability environments inhibit decay, thus enhancing fossilization but inhibiting overall precipitation because a build-up of decay products is necessary to promote mineral formation (the "decay effect"). However, low permeability environments can also increase precipitation per unit decay by inhibiting the diffusion of decay products away from the carcass, allowing for a faster build-up of decay products (the "mineralization effect"). At low permeabilities, the decay effect dominates (decay controlled), and precipitation is positively correlated with permeability. At higher permeabilities, the mineralization effect dominates (permeability controlled), and precipitation is negatively correlated with permeability. The experiments show that fossilization within concretions is promoted by decay inhibition (at low permeabilities) and rapid concretion growth (at intermediate permeabilities). Thus, the effects of permeability on fossilization are complex, and influence the mechanism of fossilization.
    Print ISSN: 0883-1351
    Electronic ISSN: 0883-1351
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 9
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    FACTORS CONTROLLING EXCEPTIONAL PRESERVATION IN CONCRETIONS (2015)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    In: PALAIOS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-29
    Description: Concretions are an important source of soft-bodied fossils. In order to determine the controls on exceptional fossilization within concretions, we scored 88 concretion-bearing sites for 11 environmental and compositional variables together with presence/absence of soft-tissue preservation and analyzed their relationships using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and qualitative logistic regression. Sites yielding exceptional fossils were distributed randomly through the 88 examples considered, suggesting that exceptional preservation can occur in almost any environment where concretions form. The patterns of interaction of the variables in the MCA revealed that the most important factors controlling exceptional preservation in concretions are related to (1) the potential for fossil preservation in the broader depositional setting (i.e., how likely fossils are to be preserved without concretions but in the same depositional environment) and (2) the rate of concretion growth. In an analysis of the contribution of individual variables, logistic regression showed that two features correlate with the presence of soft-tissue preservation in concretions: (1) fine-grained host lithology, and (2) relatively constant 13 C values. The role of the first of these can be tested experimentally. Decay experiments on fish tissue in glass beads of three different sizes and therefore of different permeability showed that decay is inhibited, and mineral precipitation enhanced, in low-permeability sediments. Thus a process of positive feedback promotes exceptional preservation where early cementation results in a rapid decrease in permeability during concretion formation. The second feature, a relatively constant 13 C trend, suggests that certain patterns of concretion growth, pervasive growth or concentric growth with one growth layer, are more conducive to fossilization than others.
    Print ISSN: 0883-1351
    Electronic ISSN: 0883-1351
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 10
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    A comparative study of laser and thermal annealing of boron‐implanted silicon (1978)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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