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  • 1
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    Buzzards Bay Water Quality Data from the Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Program 1992-2018 (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-28
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2018. Baywatchers monitoring data document nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality.
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Baywatchers water quality monitoring program was established in 1992 by the Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program (NEP), in partnership with the Buzzards Bay Coalition, under US EPA Cooperative Agreement CE001510 with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The monitoring program was exclusively funded by the Buzzards Bay NEP under various EPA Cooperative Agreement grants from 1992 - 1996, then subsequently managed and funded by the Buzzards Bay Coalition primarily through contributions from the organization’s members and private foundations, grants from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and through continued reduced support from the Buzzards Bay NEP through EPA grants. The Coalition's oxygen and nutrient databases were combined into a structured reference database table by Costa in 2014 under a task contained in EPA Cooperative Agreement (CE96144201).
    Keywords: water quality ; Buzzards Bay ; nitrogen ; eutrophication ; coastal ; citizen science
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 2
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    Buzzards Bay Water Quality Data from the Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Program 1992-2020 (2021)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2020. Baywatchers monitoring data document nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality. The Readme, STN_EQUIV, Stations and Methods, S_D for WFH, and Acknowledge tabs were updated and corrections were made for Time and POC on 2018 Upper Bay samples and deleted CH1 from sonde method column where no CHL data existed, moved words like "sample lost" from Chl and Pheo data columns to comments column.
    Keywords: water quality ; Buzzards Bay ; nitrogen ; eutrophication ; coastal ; citizen science
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 3
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    Buzzards Bay Water Quality Data from the Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Program 1992-2018 August 2020 version (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-28
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2018. Baywatchers monitoring data document nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality. The Readme, STN_EQUIV, Stations and Methods, S_D for WFH, and Acknowledge tabs were updated and corrections were made for Time and POC on 2018 Upper Bay samples and deleted CH1 from sonde method column where no CHL data existed, moved words like "sample lost" from Chl and Pheo data columns to comments column.
    Keywords: water quality ; Buzzards Bay ; nitrogen ; eutrophication ; coastal ; citizen science
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 4
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    Buzzards Bay Water Quality Data from the Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Program 1992-2018 December 2020 version (2020)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2018. Baywatchers monitoring data document nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality. The Readme, STN_EQUIV, Stations and Methods, S_D for WFH, and Acknowledge tabs were updated and corrections were made for Time and POC on 2018 Upper Bay samples and deleted CH1 from sonde method column where no CHL data existed, moved words like "sample lost" from Chl and Pheo data columns to comments column.
    Keywords: water quality ; Buzzards Bay ; nitrogen ; eutrophication ; coastal ; citizen science
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Spatial and temporal trends in summertime climate and water quality indicators in the coastal embayments of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (2016)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 13 (2016): 253-265, doi:10.5194/bg-13-253-2016.
    Description: Degradation of coastal ecosystems by eutrophication is largely defined by nitrogen loading from land via surface water and groundwater flows. However, indicators of water quality are highly variable due to a myriad of other drivers, including temperature and precipitation. To evaluate these drivers, we examined spatial and temporal trends in a 22-year record of summer water quality data from 122 stations in 17 embayments within Buzzards Bay, MA (USA), collected through a citizen science monitoring program managed by Buzzards Bay Coalition. To identify spatial patterns across Buzzards Bay's embayments, we used a principle component and factor analysis and found that rotated factor loadings indicated little correlation between inorganic nutrients and organic matter or chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. Factor scores showed that embayment geomorphology in addition to nutrient loading was a strong driver of water quality, where embayments with surface water inputs showed larger biological impacts than embayments dominated by groundwater influx. A linear regression analysis of annual summertime water quality indicators over time revealed that from 1992 to 2013, most embayments (15 of 17) exhibited an increase in temperature (mean rate of 0.082 ± 0.025 (SD) °C yr−1) and Chl a (mean rate of 0.0171 ± 0.0088 log10 (Chl a; mg m−3) yr−1, equivalent to a 4.0 % increase per year). However, only seven embayments exhibited an increase in total nitrogen (TN) concentration (mean rate 0.32 ± 0.47 (SD) µM yr−1). Average summertime log10(TN) and log10(Chl a) were correlated with an indication that the yield of Chl a per unit total nitrogen increased with time suggesting the estuarine response to TN may have changed because of other stressors such as warming, altered precipitation patterns, or changing light levels. These findings affirm that nitrogen loading and physical aspects of embayments are essential in explaining the observed ecosystem response. However, climate-related stressors may also need to be considered by managers because increased temperature and precipitation may worsen water quality and partially offset benefits achieved by reducing nitrogen loading.
    Description: Support for this analysis was provided by the Woods Hole Partnership in Education Program, the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Grant no. 14-106159-000- CFP).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    Water quality measurements in Buzzards Bay by the Buzzards Bay Coalition Baywatchers Program from 1992 to 2018 (2021)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Jakuba, R. W., Williams, T., Neill, C., Costa, J. E., McHorney, R., Scott, L., Howes, B. L., Ducklow, H., Erickson, M., & Rasmussen, M. Water quality measurements in Buzzards Bay by the Buzzards Bay Coalition Baywatchers Program from 1992 to 2018. Scientific Data, 8(1), 2021: 76, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00856-4.
    Description: The Buzzards Bay Coalition’s Baywatchers Monitoring Program (Baywatchers) collected summertime water quality information at more than 150 stations around Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts from 1992 to 2018. Baywatchers documents nutrient-related water quality and the effects of nitrogen pollution. The large majority of stations are located in sub-estuaries of the main Bay, although stations in central Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound were added beginning in 2007. Measurements include temperature, salinity, Secchi depth and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, total dissolved nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, ortho-phosphate, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and in lower salinity waters, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. The Baywatchers dataset provides a long-term record of the water quality of Buzzards Bay and its sub-estuaries. The data have been used to identify impaired waters, evaluate discharge permits, support the development of nitrogen total maximum daily loads, develop strategies for reducing nitrogen inputs, and increase public awareness and generate support for management actions to control nutrient pollution and improve water quality.
    Description: We thank the more than 1,500 volunteer Baywatchers citizen monitors who helped collect this information over 27 years. Since its inception, funding for this program has been provided through grants from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Buzzards Bay municipalities, private foundations, and members of the Buzzards Bay Coalition. Thank you to Paul Lefebvre for producing the station map. Amy Costa of the Center for Coastal Studies kindly provided data for comparison. Brian Howes of the School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth kindly provided the data for West Falmouth Harbor collected through the Falmouth Pond Watchers program. We thank the Marine Biological Laboratory and the Woodwell Climate Research Center for support to C. Neill, R. McHorney and L. Scott.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMMENTS ON SCRIVEN AND MAK (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 7 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In their article Scriven and Mak (1991) claim to have used Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) to analyze their data. However, the Consensus program they used does not perform a GPA. Since 1989 there is a very fast GPA program that runs on microprocessors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.1992.tb00523.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composite design software reduces engineering time on Eurofighter parts (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Aircraft engineering and aerospace technology 71 (1999), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-2667
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composite design software is helping engineers from British Aerospace to reduce significantly engineering time on composite parts for the Eurofighter 2000 aircraft. FiberSIM' simulation software from Composite Design Technologies (CDT), Waltham, Massachusetts, allows manufacturing engineers to define the composite lay-up on a computer, eliminating the old, industry-wide trial and error process that was used to lay composite plies onto a complex surface. The new technology ensures that manufacturing reflects the design intent and reduces weight by avoiding unnecessary patches. British Aerospace also expects additional production time savings by using the software to program laser projection equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022669910252114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Costs and benefits of brood desertion in female kentish plovers, Charadrius alexandrinus (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Female desertion ; Parental care ; Trade-off ; Kentish plover ; Charadrius alexandrinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Female kentish plovers Charadrius alexandrinus typically desert their broods after the chicks hatch, i.e. 1–4 weeks before the chicks fledge or become independent. In this paper we investigate the costs and benefits of desertion for females. Desertion incurs a cost for females: following desertion chick survival in broods is lower (0.95 +- 0.02 day−1) than before the female deserts (0.98 +- 0.01 day−1). We investigated several possible causes for reduced brood survival by comparing characteristics of broods before and after desertion (controlling for differences in brood age). After desertion males increased the time they spent foraging and they tended to reduce time spent brooding chicks. Increased mortality of chicks may occur in deserted broods because following desertion (1) males spend less time alert in vigilance behaviour than before desertion, (2) they attend the chicks from greater distances, and (3) they show greater distraction display distances (in response to human intruders). Growth or development of chicks, measured by weight gain and tarsus length, was not different before and after desertion. Females gain two potential benefits from desertion: (1) they may remate and produce a second brood within the same breeding season or (2) they may enhance their probability of surviving to breed in a subsequent season. At least 27% of female kentish plovers that deserted remated and renested in the same season in this study. In contrast, we found no evidence that brood desertion increased the survival of females: there was no difference in local survival rate (return rate) for females deserting before or after 6 days brood age. These results clearly demonstrate that female kentish plovers that desert their offspring prior to fledging incur costs, but we suggest that there is a trade-off with the potential benefits gained by remating and making a second breeding attempt in the same season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176712
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Costs and benefits of brood desertion in female kentish plovers, Charadrius alexandrinus (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Female desertion ; Parental care ; Trade-off ; Kentish plover ; Charadrius alexandrinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Female kentish plovers Charadrius alexandrinus typically desert their broods after the chicks hatch, i.e. 1–4 weeks before the chicks fledge or become independent. In this paper we investigate the costs and benefits of desertion for females. Desertion incurs a cost for females: following desertion chick survival in broods is lower (0.95 ± 0.02 day−1) than before the female deserts (0.98 ± 0.01 day−1). We investigated several possible causes for reduced brood survival by comparing characteristics of broods before and after desertion (controlling for differences in brood age). After desertion males increased the time they spent foraging and they tended to reduce time spent brooding chicks. Increased mortality of chicks may occur in deserted broods because following desertion (1) males spend less time alert in vigilance behaviour than before desertion, (2) they attend the chicks from greater distances, and (3) they show greater distraction display distances (in response to human intruders). Growth or development of chicks, measured by weight gain and tarsus length, was not different before and after desertion. Females gain two potential benefits from desertion: (1) they may remate and produce a second brood within the same breeding season or (2) they may enhance their probability of surviving to breed in a subsequent season. At least 27% of female kentish plovers that deserted remated and renested in the same season in this study. In contrast, we found no evidence that brood desertion increased the survival of females: there was no difference in local survival rate (return rate) for females deserting before or after 6 days brood age. These results clearly demonstrate that female kentish plovers that desert their offspring prior to fledging incur costs, but we suggest that there is a trade-off with the potential benefits gained by remating and making a second breeding attempt in the same season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050176
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