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1

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The pineal gland of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus (1979)

Welsh, Marcia G. ; Hansen, John T. ; Reiter, Russel J.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 111-125

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pinealocytes ; Morphometric analysis ; Superior cervical ganglionectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Gerbil

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Morphometric analytical procedures were employed to study the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil following superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGX). The purpose of this study was to define the effects of sympathetic denervation on the morphology of the gland at two time periods, 0500 and 1900 h (one hour before lights-on and lights-off, respectively). Fluorescence histochemistry was employed to determine catecholamine and indoleamine content in intact and denervated pineal glands. After SCGX, the pinealocytes decrease in size, concretions are prevented from forming, and the yellow fluorescence in the gland is lost. Following denervation a depression in the volume of most of the pinealocyte organelles, i.e., SER, RER/ribosomes, free cytoplasm, mitochondria and presumptive secretory vesicles, was also observed. However, synaptic ribbons increased in volume in the gerbils that had been killed at 1900 h. It appears that the sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland is a requirement for the presumptive secretory activity of the pinealocytes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235168

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2

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Tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity in pineal glands developing in situ and in pineal grafts (1991)

Li, Kang ; Welsh, Marcia G.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 515-527

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pineal gland ; Grafts ; Transplants ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Neuropeptide Y ; Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) ; Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Postnatal development of the innervation of the pineal gland in situ as well as the reinnervation of pineal grafts by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were examined using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers appeared in the pineal gland on the second postnatal day (P2) in both hamsters and gerbils. NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers first appeared in the pineal gland of gerbils on P2 and in the hamsters on P3. By the seventh postnatal day (P7), the pineal glands of both hamsters and gerbils were richly innervated by TH- and NPY-fibers that appeared as smooth fibers or fibers with sporadic varicosities. By the age of 4 weeks, the innervation of the pineal glands of hamsters and gerbils by TH-and NPY-fibers was fully developed. Abundant TH- and NPY-fibers formed a dense meshwork in the parenchyma of the superficial and deep pineals. The great majority of the fibers bore a large number of varicosities. More NPY-fibers were found in the pineal glands of gerbils than hamsters. NPY fibers were distributed evenly throughout the pineal glands of the gerbil, but they were more often located in the central region of the superficial pineal of the hamster. For the pineal grafts, superficial pineals from neonatal and 4-week-old hamsters were transplanted to different sites in the third cerebral ventricle (infundibular recess, posterior third ventricle) or beneath the renal capsule. The pineal grafts from 4-week-old donors appeared to undergo severe degeneration and eventually disappeared. The pineal grafts from neonatal hamsters, however, successfully survived and became well integrated into their new locations. Abundant TH-and NPY-fibers in the host brain were found surrounding the pineal grafts placed in the third cerebral ventricle, but were only rarely seen entering the parenchyma of the grafts. A few TH-fibers were demonstrated in the renal grafts 4 weeks after transplantation. These studies describe the postnatal development of the innervation of the pineal glands in situ by TH-and NPY-nerve fibers, and demonstrate a lack of reinnervation of cerebroventricular pineal grafts by TH and NPY fibers from adjacent host brain.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319041

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Intraventricular blood vessels associated with the deep pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus (1987)

Welsh, Marcia G.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 587-592

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pineal gland ; Blood vessels ; Choroid plexus ; Suprapineal recess (dorsal sac) ; CSF-contacting ; Mongolian gerbil

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Intraventricular blood vessels and choroidal-like cells were studied using scanning electron microscopy and correlative light microscopy. The intraventricular blood vessels were covered on their ependymal surface with a layer of cells essentially identical to the ependyma of the choroid plexus in the gerbil. Similar choroidal-like cells were seen either singly or in clusters associated with the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting pinealocytes of the suprapineal recess. Processes of the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting pinealocytes were seen extending to and making contact with the choroidal-like cells. The intraventricular blood vessels appeared to be derived from the choroid plexus, and typically took one of three courses in and around the surface of the deep pineal: (1) the vessels or their equivalent were located in the suprapineal recess with no indication of penetration into the substance of the deep pineal; (2) the vessels coursed from the suprapineal recess around the anterior surface of the habenular commissure to enter the ventral surface of the deep pineal; or (3) the vessels entered the parenchyma of the deep pineal from its dorsal surface and could be seen coursing through the substance of the gland. The close association between the choroidal-like cells and the intraventricular blood vessels with the deep pineal gland add morphological support for the possibility of interaction between the cerebrospinal fluid, or perhaps the choroid plexus, and the deep pineal gland.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217330

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The pineal gland of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus (1979)

Welsh, Marcia G. ; Cameron, Ivan L. ; Reiter, Russel J.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 95-109

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pineal gland ; Gerbil ; Pinealocytes ; Morphometric analysis ; Ultrastructure

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary By means of morphometric analytical procedures, a diurnal rhythm in the cellular volume of gerbil pinealocytes was determined. This rhythm has been attributed primarily to a change in the cytoplasmic volume of the pinealocytes which is low during the daylight hours and increases to reach a peak during the middle of the dark period. At the ultrastructural level, six cytoplasmic components of the pinealocytes were found to exhibit a rhythm: free cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and ribosomes, secretory vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria. The presumptive secretory vesicles and the microtubules reached a peak in volume one hour before lights-off. It is suggested that lights-on and lights-off both signal a decrease in size and/or number of the secretory vesicles. The SER and RER/ribosomes reached their peak volume one hour after lights-off which is interpreted as indicating a peak in indoleamine synthesis and protein synthesis, respectively. The volume of free cytoplasm exhibits two peaks; one occurs one hour before lights-off while the second peak occurs in the middle of the dark phase. It is suggested that, although part of the secretory product of the pinealocyte may be present in dense-cored vesicles, other locations could include the free cytoplasm and clear secretory vesicles.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235167

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The pineal gland of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus (1978)

Welsh, Marcia G. ; Reiter, Russel J.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 323-336

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pineal gland ; Gerbil ; Pinealocytes ; Concretions ; Ultrastructure

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Electron microscopy was employed in a study of the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). It was determined that the gerbil pineal gland contains pinealocytes and glial cells with the pinealocytes being the predominant cell type. The pinealocytes contain numerous organelles traditionally considered as being either synthetic or secretory in function such as an extensive Golgi region, smooth (SER) and rough (RER) endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles and microtubules. Other cytoplasmic components are also present in the pinealocytes (synaptic ribbons, subsurface cisternae) for which no function has been assigned. Dense-cored vesicles are rare. Vacuolated pinealocytes are present and appear to be intimately associated with the formation of the pineal concertions. Evidence presented supports the proposal that the concretions form within the vacuoles. Once the concretions reach an enlarged state, the vacuolated pinealocytes break down and the concretions are thus extruded into the extracellular space where they apparently continue to increase in size. The morphology of the glial cells was interpreted as indicative of a high synthetic activity. The glial cells contain predominantly the rough variety of endoplasmic reticulum and form an expansion around the wide perivascular area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209044

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6

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Third ventricular pineal gland grafts in the gerbil: An electron microscopical and immunohistochemical investigation (1992)

Welsh, Marcia G. ; Li, Kang

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 205-217

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ISSN: 1059-910X

Keywords: Pineal gland ; Grafts ; Transplants ; Gerbil ; Pinealocyte ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: The superficial pineal gland was grafted into the third ventricle of adult mongolian gerbils. Donor pineal glands from both neonatal and 3-4 week old gerbils were able to survive for at least 6 months. The pinealocytes of the grafted superficial pineal glands maintained the morphology and the S-antigen immunoreactivity of the in situ pineal complex. Synaptic ribbons and spherules were present but rare. Unlike the in situ pinealocytes, glycogen accumulations were common in the graft pinealocytes. Site specific modulation of structure was indicated as the ventricular surface of the grafts became covered with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting pinealocytes typical of those seen in the deep pineal. The CSF-contacting pinealocytes of the graft had numerous processes that extended along the ventricular surface of the graft. The blood vessels of the grafts had non-fenestrated endothelium and wide perivascular areas typical of those seen in the in situ pineal complex. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive nerve fibers were present in the grafted tissue indicating reinnervation of the graft. The source of the fibers was not determined. The nerve fibers were present both within the perivascular area and within the parenchyma where they were associated with pinealocytes. The results demonstrate that the cerebral ventricles are an ideal location for the survival of superficial pineal gland grafts. It is suggested that pineal grafts may be a means to further study pineal development and innervation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Additional Material: 18 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210304

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