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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and I-V Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Titania Electrode Sensitized by Zinc Phthalocyanine (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: TiO2 colloids prepared by sol-gel method were autoclaved and then deposited onto atransparent conducting oxide substrate by screen-printing. The TiO2 films electrode wascharacterized by XRD, SEM, AFM and Alpha-Step profilometer and then sensitized by zincphthalocyanine (ZnPc), 2,9,16,23-tetracarboxy zinc phthalocyanine (ZnTCPc) and ZnTCPc/lauricacid respectively. Photocurrent density (I) and photovoltage (V) of the electrode were measuredwith the solar simulator. The ZnTCPc-sensitized electrode was found the best performance with theshort-circuit photocurrent density (Isc) 16.66 3A/cm2, the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) 277.9 mVand the fill factor (FF) 0.39. And the ZnPc-sensitized electrode was found the worst performancewith Voc 114.2 mV, Isc 2.26 3A/cm2 and FF 0.31. It was also found that lauric acid promoted Voc ofthe the ZnTCPc sensitized system
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.326-328.365.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction models of fatigue crack closure and growth under random loading (1989)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 2 (1989), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: random spectrum loading ; fatigue crack life ; overload retardation ; load interaction ; compression effects ; residual deformation ; crack closure ; life prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of plastic zones both in front of and behind crack tip on crack closure have been analysed. The total residual deformations of crack surfaces involve two parts, that is, the amount of plastic blunting of crack tip and the residual deformation in the wake of the tip. This paper presents a fatigue crack closure model in which the influences of compressive load on closure stress are discussed. The model is applied to random loading conditions by the assumption of “limited memory” properties. The fatigue lives are predicted using the proposed crack growth model for CCT plane stress specimen cut from 2219-T851 aluminum alloy under flight spectrum loadings, and the prediction values agree with the test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of fatigue crack growth under random stresses in the aspect of statistics (1988)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 1 (1988), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A CCT experiment controlled by pseudo random signals generated by a white-noise generator with narrow-band filter has been done in the MTS-880 system to compare the effects of different δK char on dα/dt. A fatigue crack growth life prediction formula which is only dependent on Power Spectrum Density (P. S. D.) of the history under Gaussian narrow-band history is derived. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207434
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional Requirement of the Chinese Mitten-handed Crab Eriocheir sinensis Juvenile for Arginine and Lysine (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Feeding experiments were conducted using amino acid test diets to determine the optimal dietary requirement for arginine and lysine of the Chinese mitten-handed crab Eriocheir sinensis juvenile. Crab megalopae with an average weight of 6.86 mg were randomly assigned to different tanks and reared on six experimental diets for 25 d. The six experimental diets were formulated for different combinations of arginine (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 g per 100-g diet) and lysine (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 g per 100-g diets), respectively. Survival and molting frequency were calculated at the termination of feeding trials. Optimal arginine and lysine requirements were determined by the diets at which the highest survival and molting frequency was reached. The highest survival and molting frequency were 41.75% and 2.4, respectively, and were reached when the crabs were fed with 2% arginine. After juveniles were fed with the diets with 2.55% lysine, survival was the highest (44.0%) and the molting frequency was 2.31. We suggest that the requirement of juvenile crabs for arginine is 2.0% in diet or 3.3% of dietary protein, and the requirement for lysine is 2.55%, in diet or 4.25% of dietary protein. This study provides critical information in formulating cost-effective aquaculture diets for the Chinese mitten-handed crab juvenile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00399.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auto-Bäcklund transformation as a gauge transformation preserving the form of Lax connection (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 6857-6861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this article, the auto-Bäcklund transformation of the sine-Gordon equation is formulated as a gauge transformation acting on the Lax connection and preserving its form. This gauge transformation contains the known Darboux transformation as a special case. Therefore the auto-Bäcklund transformation is a dressinglike symmetry but of a different kind in general than the dressing transformation. Only in the case of the transformation between the vacuum and one-soliton solution are these two kinds of transformations equivalent. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531193
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity in pineal glands developing in situ and in pineal grafts (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 515-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Grafts ; Transplants ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Neuropeptide Y ; Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) ; Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postnatal development of the innervation of the pineal gland in situ as well as the reinnervation of pineal grafts by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were examined using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers appeared in the pineal gland on the second postnatal day (P2) in both hamsters and gerbils. NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers first appeared in the pineal gland of gerbils on P2 and in the hamsters on P3. By the seventh postnatal day (P7), the pineal glands of both hamsters and gerbils were richly innervated by TH- and NPY-fibers that appeared as smooth fibers or fibers with sporadic varicosities. By the age of 4 weeks, the innervation of the pineal glands of hamsters and gerbils by TH-and NPY-fibers was fully developed. Abundant TH- and NPY-fibers formed a dense meshwork in the parenchyma of the superficial and deep pineals. The great majority of the fibers bore a large number of varicosities. More NPY-fibers were found in the pineal glands of gerbils than hamsters. NPY fibers were distributed evenly throughout the pineal glands of the gerbil, but they were more often located in the central region of the superficial pineal of the hamster. For the pineal grafts, superficial pineals from neonatal and 4-week-old hamsters were transplanted to different sites in the third cerebral ventricle (infundibular recess, posterior third ventricle) or beneath the renal capsule. The pineal grafts from 4-week-old donors appeared to undergo severe degeneration and eventually disappeared. The pineal grafts from neonatal hamsters, however, successfully survived and became well integrated into their new locations. Abundant TH-and NPY-fibers in the host brain were found surrounding the pineal grafts placed in the third cerebral ventricle, but were only rarely seen entering the parenchyma of the grafts. A few TH-fibers were demonstrated in the renal grafts 4 weeks after transplantation. These studies describe the postnatal development of the innervation of the pineal glands in situ by TH-and NPY-nerve fibers, and demonstrate a lack of reinnervation of cerebroventricular pineal grafts by TH and NPY fibers from adjacent host brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319041
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffübergang Gas/Flüssigkeit in Suspensions-BlasensäulenVortrag von A. Schumpe auf der Dechema-Jahrestagung, 24./25. Mai 1984 in Frankfurt/M. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 56 (1984), S. 924-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330561211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Third ventricular pineal gland grafts in the gerbil: An electron microscopical and immunohistochemical investigation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Grafts ; Transplants ; Gerbil ; Pinealocyte ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The superficial pineal gland was grafted into the third ventricle of adult mongolian gerbils. Donor pineal glands from both neonatal and 3-4 week old gerbils were able to survive for at least 6 months. The pinealocytes of the grafted superficial pineal glands maintained the morphology and the S-antigen immunoreactivity of the in situ pineal complex. Synaptic ribbons and spherules were present but rare. Unlike the in situ pinealocytes, glycogen accumulations were common in the graft pinealocytes. Site specific modulation of structure was indicated as the ventricular surface of the grafts became covered with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting pinealocytes typical of those seen in the deep pineal. The CSF-contacting pinealocytes of the graft had numerous processes that extended along the ventricular surface of the graft. The blood vessels of the grafts had non-fenestrated endothelium and wide perivascular areas typical of those seen in the in situ pineal complex. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive nerve fibers were present in the grafted tissue indicating reinnervation of the graft. The source of the fibers was not determined. The nerve fibers were present both within the perivascular area and within the parenchyma where they were associated with pinealocytes. The results demonstrate that the cerebral ventricles are an ideal location for the survival of superficial pineal gland grafts. It is suggested that pineal grafts may be a means to further study pineal development and innervation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210304
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  • 9
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    The AMPK-PP2A axis in insect fat body is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone to antagonize insulin/IGF signaling and restrict growth rate (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-10
    Description: In insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits the growth period by triggering developmental transitions; 20E also modulates the growth rate by antagonizing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Previous work has shown that 20E cross-talks with IIS, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we found that, in both the silkworm Bombyx mori and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, 20E antagonized IIS through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis in the fat body and suppressed the growth rate. During Bombyx larval molt or Drosophila pupariation, high levels of 20E activate AMPK, a molecular sensor that maintains energy homeostasis in the insect fat body. In turn, AMPK activates PP2A, which further dephosphorylates insulin receptor and protein kinase B (AKT), thus inhibiting IIS. Activation of the AMPK-PP2A axis and inhibition of IIS in the Drosophila fat body reduced food consumption, resulting in the restriction of growth rate and body weight. Overall, our study revealed an important mechanism by which 20E antagonizes IIS in the insect fat body to restrict the larval growth rate, thereby expanding our understanding of the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of final body size in animals.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Antagonistic actions of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone within the ring gland determine developmental transitions in Drosophila (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-18
    Description: In both vertebrates and insects, developmental transition from the juvenile stage to adulthood is regulated by steroid hormones. In insects, the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), elicits metamorphosis, thus promoting this transition, while the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) antagonizes 20E signaling to prevent precocious metamorphosis during the larval stages. However, not much is known about the mechanisms involved in cross-talk between these two hormones. In this study, we discovered that in the ring gland (RG) of Drosophila larvae, JH and 20E control each other’s biosynthesis. JH induces expression of a Krüppel-like transcription factor gene Kr-h1 in the prothoracic gland (PG), a portion of the RG that produces the 20E precursor ecdysone. By reducing both steroidogenesis autoregulation and PG size, high levels of Kr-h1 in the PG inhibit ecdysteriod biosynthesis, thus maintaining juvenile status. JH biosynthesis is prevented by 20E in the corpus allatum, the other portion of the RG that produces JH, to ensure the occurrence of metamorphosis. Hence, antagonistic actions of JH and 20E within the RG determine developmental transitions in Drosophila. Our study proposes a mechanism of cross-talk between the two major hormones in the regulation of insect metamorphosis.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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