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Western Pacific Air-Sea Interaction Study (2014)

Uematsu, Mitsuo ; Yokouchi, Yoko ; Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; [et al.]

Tokyo : TERRAPUB

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Keywords: dynamics of atmospheric composition ; variability of gas exchanges at the air-sea interface ; dynamics of the marine ecosystem ; modelling of the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere

Description / Table of Contents: A01: Dynamics of Atmospheric Composition --- A Study on the Production and Emission of Marine-Derived Volatile Halocarbons / Y. Yokouchi, A. Ooki, S. Hashimoto and N. Itoh / pp. 1-25. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.001 --- Measurements of Gaseous Peroxides in the Oceanic Lower Atmosphere / S. Hatakeyama and T. Akatsuka / pp. 27-31. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.002 --- Phase Partitioning of NH3 and Gas to Particle Conversion / K. Osada / pp. 33-36. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.003 --- New Particle Formation of Marine Aerosols / K. Miura, H. Furutani, Y. Iwamoto, K. Nagano, H. Kobayashi, M. Mochida, H. Mukai, S. Hashimoto, M. Takami and M. Uematsu / pp. 37-41. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.004 --- A Study of the Chemical Processes in Aerosols and Their Impacts on the Environment Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy / Y. Takahashi, M. Higashi, T. Furukawa, T. Miyoshi, M. Fujiwara and M. Uematsu / pp. 43-50. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.005 --- Variability in Mineral Dust Deposition over the North Pacific and Its Potential Impact on the Ocean Productivity / H. Fukushima / pp. 51-60. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.006 --- Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction through Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Observed in a Single Nanoparticle Aspect / H. Furutani, J. Jinyoung and M. Uematsu / pp. 61-69. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.007 --- Simultaneous Measurements of Hygroscopic Property and Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity of Aerosol Particles of Marine Biogenic Origin / M. Mochida / pp. 71-81. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.008 --- Eruption of Mt. Kilauea Impacted Cloud Droplet and Radiation Budget over North Pacific / I. Uno, K. Eguchi and K. Yumimoto / pp. 83-87. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a01.009 --- A02: Variability of Gas Exchanges at the Air-Sea Interface --- High-Resolution Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Dissolved in Seawater Using Equilibrator Inlet-Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (EI-PTR-MS) / Hiroshi Tanimoto, Sohiko Kameyama, Yuko Omori, Satoshi Inomata and Urumu Tsunogai / pp. 89-115. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a02.001 --- Study of the Production Processes of Marine Biogenic Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Using Stable Isotope Analysis / S. Toyoda, K. Yamada, Y. Ueno, K. Koba and O. Yoshida / pp. 117-121. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a02.002 --- Long-Term Changes of Greenhouse Gases in the Ocean and Their Feedback Effects on the Climate / Yutaka W. Watanabe, Ichiro Yasuda and Nobuo Tsurushima / pp. 123-150. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a02.003 --- Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbonate System and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension / H. Yoshikawa-Inoue, T. Midorikawa and T. R. Takamura / pp. 151-161. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a02.004 --- A03: Dynamics of the Marine Ecosystem --- Bioavailability and Biogeochemical Processes of Trace Metals in the Surface Ocean / S. Takeda, H. Obata, A. Okubo, M. Sato and Y. Kondo / pp. 163-176. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a03.001 --- Detailed Variations in Bioactive Elements in the Surface Ocean and Their Interaction with Microbiological Processes / H. Ogawa, K. Kogure, J. Kanda, F. Hashihama and M. Suzumura / pp. 177-197. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a03.002 --- Photoheterotrophic Process in Surface Seawater Environments / K. Hamasaki, Y. Sato-Takabe, A. Taniguchi and Y. Tada / pp. 199-202. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a03.003 --- Ecological Study of Bacterial Populations Related to Biogenic Gas Transformation in Marine Environments / K. Hamasaki, R. Kaneko, A. Mouri, Y. Tada, N. Kasamatsu-Takasawa and I. Nagao / pp. 203-209. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a03.004 --- A04: Modelling of the Interaction between the Ocean and the Atmosphere --- Modeling for Evaluation and Prediction of Effects of Short-Term Atmospheric Disturbance on Air-Sea Material Cycling / M. Fujii and A. Tanaka / pp. 211-222. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a04.001 --- Relating Phytoplankton Pnysiology to North Pacific Biogeochemistry / S. Lan Smith, Maki N. Aita, Masahito Shigemitsu and Yasuhiro Yamanaka / pp. 223-235. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a04.002 --- Coupling of Physical and Bio-Geochemical Process and Monitoring Ocean Circulation Using Data Assimilation System / Y. Ishikawa, T. Awaji, M. Ikeda and T. Toyoda / pp. 237-241. doi:10.5047/w-pass.a04.003

Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 269 Seiten) , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9784887041653

URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/w-pass/

Language: English

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Tritium in the northwestern North Pacific (1991)

Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; Watanabe, Shuichi ; Tsunogai, Shizuo

Springer

Journal of oceanography 47 (1991), S. 80-93

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Vertical profiles of tritium in seawater were determined for samples collected during the period from 1988 to 1990 at fourteen stations in the northwestern North Pacific (the Oyashio region) including the Okhotsk Sea and the Bering Sea. The profiles usually had a maximum in the surface layer and decreased gradually with depth down to 1,000 m. The water column inventory of tritium averaged 63% of the total atmospheric input in this region. The horizontal distribution of tritium showed a maximum in the region facing the Okhotsk Sea near 45°N for every isopycnal surface ofσ 0 ranging from 26.60 to 27.40. The ages of the intermediate water were calculated for the respective isopycnal surfaces in the maximum region. This calculation assumed that the intermediate water was formed by the isopycnal mixing of two water masses—the Okhotsk Sea and the Bering Sea Component Waters, which had been produced in wintertime by the diapycnal mixing of the surface and the deep waters in the respective marginal seas. The results show that the intermediate water in this region was formed in the late 1980's for the water which hasσ 0 of 26.60 to 26.80 and about 1970 for the water which hasσ 0 of 27.00 to 27.40. Although we have estimated the mean ages of the intermediate water, the horizontal profile of dissolved oxygen suggests that the Okhotsk Sea Component Water is younger than the mean age.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02301484

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Dilution of North Pacific Intermediate Water studied with chlorofluorocarbons (1995)

Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; Harada, Koh ; Ishikawa, Kimitoshi

Springer

Journal of oceanography 51 (1995), S. 133-144

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Assessment was made of residual ratio of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) produced in subpolar region of the North Pacific using chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-11 and CFC-12 (CCl3F and CCl2F2), along 175°E. NPIW on density horizons less than 26.80σθ remained more than 80% north of 30°N. It was suggested that new NPIW laterally spreads over the northern North Pacific without hardly being diluted by the surroundings. For density horizons greater than 26.80σθ north of 30°N, NPIW remained less than 60%. The difference in the residual ratio between 〈26.80σθ and 〉26.80σθ north of 30°N suggests that NPIW is produced on density horizons less than 26.80σθ, which contacts the atmosphere in the subpolar region, and that NPIW is diluted by upwelling deep water on density horizons greater than 26.80σθ in high latitude of the North Pacific. NPIW on a density horizon of 26.80σθ remained about 50% south of 30°N. The decrease in the horizontal distribution of the residual ratio of NPIW suggests that half the new NPIW produced in the subpolar region is laterally spread over the North Pacific with the southward movement of NPIW.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02236521

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Total amount of oceanic excess CO2 taken from the North Pacific subpolar region (1996)

Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; Takahashi, Yoshiyuki ; Kitao, Takashi ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of oceanography 52 (1996), S. 301-312

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Concentrations of total carbonate, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific subpolar region north of 40°N along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. A difference of excess CO2 content between the GEOSECS and our expeditions was estimated. The maximum difference in water column inventory of excess CO2 has increased by about 280 gC m−2 above 2000 m depth which apparently means an uptake of excess CO2 taken from air to sea during the last two decades. An averaged value of the annual flux of excess CO2 at 75–1000 m depth was 8.63±2.01 gC m−2yr−1 in the North Pacific subpolar region. By introducing the annual flux of excess CO2 into a two-box model for the North Pacific subpolar region, a penetration factor of excess CO2 from air to sea was obtained to be 1.08×10−2 gC m−3ppm−1 in the North Pacific subpolar region. Based on this factor, the surface concentration of excess CO2 in the North Pacific subpolar region was estimated to be 68 μmole I−1, suggesting that the North Pacific subpolar region absorbed atmospheric excess CO2 more than the saturated concentration of excess CO2. Total amount of excess CO2 taken from the North Pacific subpolar region by 1993 was estimated to be 36.2×1015 gC, which was equal to about one tenth of that released by human activities after the preindustrial era.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02235925

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Preface (1999)

Tsubota, Hiroyuki ; Fukasawa, Masao ; Harada, Koh ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 643-643

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007899610048

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Overview of NOPACCS (Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study) (1999)

Tsubota, Hiroyuki ; Ishizaka, Joji ; Nishimura, Akira ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 645-653

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Keywords: North Pacific ; carbon cycle ; biological pump ; intermediate water ; anthropogenic carbon

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study (NOPACCS) was a program aimed at investigating the carbon cycle of the North Pacific Ocean, which can be thought of as a large reservoir of carbon dioxide. NOPACCS was also aimed at estimating the North Pacific's capacity as a carbon sink. Project design, scientific results, and data availability, and subsequent projects resulting from this project are also described in this review. Studies of the upper ocean processes focused on the latitudinal differences in the fugacity of carbon dioxide; and on the detail of plankton community structures. Intermediate water was studied in relation to the formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water and the amount of accumulated anthropogenic carbon. The sedimentation process, past carbon cycle and coral reefs were also studied during the project. A preliminary, overall view of the carbon cycle of the North Pacific was drawn from the results of the project and compared to global values.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007803826886

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Annual Anthropogenic Carbon Transport into the North Pacific Intermediate Water through the Kuroshio/Oyashio Interfrontal Zone: An Estimation from CFCs Distribution (2000)

Ono, Tsuneo ; Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; Sasaki, Katsuyuki

Springer

Journal of oceanography 56 (2000), S. 675-689

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Keywords: exDIC ; CFCs ; NPIW ; transport ; K/O zone

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Vertical distribution of anthropogenic carbon content of the water (exDIC) in the Oyashio area just outside of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Interfrontal Zone (K/O Zone) was estimated by the simple 1-D advection-diffusion model calibrated by the distribution of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The average concentration of exDIC for σθ = 26.60–27.00 is multiplied by the volume transport of Oyashio water into the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) to estimate the annual transport of exDIC into NPIW through K/O Zone. The estimated transport of exDIC was 0.018–0.020 GtC/y, which corresponds to 15% of the whole total exDIC accumulation in the temperate North Pacific. A simple assessment using the NPIW 1-box model indicates that the current study explains at least 70% of the total annual transport of exDIC into NPIW, and that small exDIC sources for NPIW still exists in addition to K/O Zone.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011177717139

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A Preliminary Study of Oceanic Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory in the North Pacific during the Last Two Decades (1999)

Watanabe, Yutaka W. ; Ono, Tsuneo ; Harada, Koh ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 705-716

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Keywords: Oceanic bomb carbon ; North Pacific ; chemical transient tracers

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Radiocarbon and total carbonate data were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific along 30°N and along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. In these stations, we estimated radiocarbon originating from atomic bomb tests using tritium, trichlorofluoromethane and silicate contents. The average penetration depth of bomb radiocarbon during the two decades has deepened from 900 m to 1300 m. Bomb radiocarbon inventories above the average value for the whole North Pacific were found widely in the western subtropical region around 30°N both in the 1970s and 1990s, and its area in the 1990s was broader than that in the 1970s. In most of the North Pacific, while the bomb radiocarbon has decreased above 25.4σθ, the bomb radiocarbon flux below 25.4σθ was over 1 × 1012 atom m-2yr-1 in the subtropical region around 30°N. In the tropical area south of 20°N, the bomb radiocarbon inventory below 25.4σθ increased from zero to over 10 × 1012 atom m-2 during the last three decades. These distributions suggest that the bomb radiocarbon removed from the surface is currently accumulated with bomb 14C flux of over 1 × 1012 atom m-2yr-1 below 25.4σθ in the subtropical region, mainly by advection from the higher latitude, and that part of the accumulated bomb 14C gradually spread southward with about 30 years.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007868213682

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Improved Method for Calculating Anthropogenic CO2 in the Upper Layer of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre along 175°E (1999)

Takahashi, Yoshiyuki ; Matsumoto, Eiji ; Watanabe, Yutaka W.

Springer

Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 717-729

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ISSN: 1573-868X

Keywords: Carbon cycle ; anthropogenic CO2 ; North Pacific ; subtropical gyre ; NOPACCS

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Seawater samples were collected in the North Pacific along 175°E during a cruise of the Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study (NOPACCS) program in 1994. Many properties related to the carbonate system were analyzed. By using well-known ratios to correct for chemical changes in seawater, the CO2 concentration at a given depth was back calculated to its initial concentration at the time when the water left the surface in winter. We estimated sea-surface CO2 and titration alkalinity (TA) in present-day winter, from which we evaluated the degree of air-sea CO2 disequilibrium in winter was. Using a correction factor for air-sea CO2 disequilibrium in winter, we reconstructed sea-surface CO2 in pre-industrial times. The difference between the back-calculated initial CO2 and sea-surface CO2 in pre-industrial times should correspond to anthropgenic CO2 input. Although the mixing of different water masses may cause systematic error in the calculation, we found that the nonlinear effect induced by the mixing of different water masses was negligible in the upper layer of the North Pacific subtropical gyre along 175°E. The results of our improved method of assessing the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 in that region show marked differences from those obtained using the previous back-calculation method.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007820330520

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