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Response of plant nutrient stoichiometry to fertilization varied with plant tissues in a tropical forest (2015)

Mo, Qifeng ; Zou, Bi ; Li, Yingwen ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 5 (2015): 14605, doi:10.1038/srep14605.

Description: Plant N:P ratios are widely used as indices of nutrient limitation in terrestrial ecosystems, but the response of these metrics in different plant tissues to altered N and P availability and their interactions remains largely unclear. We evaluated changes in N and P concentrations, N:P ratios of new leaves (〈1 yr), older leaves (〉1 yr), stems and mixed fine roots of seven species after 3-years of an N and P addition experiment in a tropical forest. Nitrogen addition only increased fine root N concentrations. P addition increased P concentrations among all tissues. The N × P interaction reduced leaf and stem P concentrations, suggesting a negative effect of N addition on P concentrations under P addition. The reliability of using nutrient ratios as indices of soil nutrient availability varied with tissues: the stoichiometric metrics of stems and older leaves were more responsive indicators of changed soil nutrient availability than those of new leaves and fine roots. However, leaf N:P ratios can be a useful indicator of inter-specific variation in plant response to nutrients availability. This study suggests that older leaf is a better choice than other tissues in the assessment of soil nutrient status and predicting plant response to altered nutrients using nutrients ratios.

Description: This work was funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (31300419), NSFC-Guangdong Joint Project (U1131001), National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403200), Innovation Foundation of Guangdong Forestry (2012KJCX013-02, 2014KJCX021-03) and the “Strategic Priority Research Program” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05070307).

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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Soil carbon consequences of historic hydrologic impairment and recent restoration in coastal wetlands (2022)

Eagle, Meagan ; Kroeger, Kevin D. ; Spivak, Amanda C. ; [et al.]

Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography

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Publication Date: 2022-11-15

Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Eagle, M. J., Kroeger, K. D., Spivak, A. C., Wang, F., Tang, J., Abdul-Aziz, O. I., Ishtiaq, K. S., O’Keefe Suttles, J., & Mann, A. G. Soil carbon consequences of historic hydrologic impairment and recent restoration in coastal wetlands. The Science of the Total Environment, 848, (2022): 157682, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157682.

Description: Coastal wetlands provide key ecosystem services, including substantial long-term storage of atmospheric CO2 in soil organic carbon pools. This accumulation of soil organic matter is a vital component of elevation gain in coastal wetlands responding to sea-level rise. Anthropogenic activities that alter coastal wetland function through disruption of tidal exchange and wetland water levels are ubiquitous. This study assesses soil vertical accretion and organic carbon accretion across five coastal wetlands that experienced over a century of impounded hydrology, followed by restoration of tidal exchange 5 to 14 years prior to sampling. Nearby marshes that never experienced tidal impoundment served as controls with natural hydrology to assess the impact of impoundment and restoration. Dated soil cores indicate that elevation gain and carbon storage were suppressed 30–70 % during impoundment, accounting for the majority of elevation deficit between impacted and natural sites. Only one site had substantial subsidence, likely due to oxidation of soil organic matter. Vertical and carbon accretion gains were achieved at all restored sites, with carbon burial increasing from 96 ± 33 to 197 ± 64 g C m−2 y−1. The site with subsidence was able to accrete at double the rate (13 ± 5.6 mm y−1) of the natural complement, due predominantly to organic matter accumulation rather than mineral deposition, indicating these ecosystems are capable of large dynamic responses to restoration when conditions are optimized for vegetation growth. Hydrologic restoration enhanced elevation resilience and climate benefits of these coastal wetlands.

Description: This project was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and the USGS Land Change Science Program's LandCarbon program, NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative NA14NOS4190145, and MIT Sea Grant 2015-R/RC-141. Contributions of Abdul-Aziz were also supported by NSF CBET Environmental Sustainability Award No. 1705941. Our stakeholder partners, including the Cape Cod National Seashore, Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, and the Bringing Wetlands to Market project team, and Towns and Conservation Commissions, including Eastham, Barnstable, Brewster, Yarmouth, Denis, Sandwich and Orleans, were instrumental in providing research support and site access.

Keywords: Salt marsh ; Restoration ; Impoundment ; Soil organic carbon ; Vertical accretion

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Impoundment increases methane emissions in Phragmites‐invaded coastal wetlands (2022)

Sanders-DeMott, Rebecca ; Eagle, Meagan ; Kroeger, Kevin D. ; [et al.]

Wiley

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Publication Date: 2022-10-27

Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sanders‐DeMott, R., Eagle, M., Kroeger, K., Wang, F., Brooks, T., Suttles, J., Nick, S., Mann, A., & Tang, J. Impoundment increases methane emissions in Phragmites‐invaded coastal wetlands. Global Change Biology, 28(15), (2022): 4539– 4557. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16217.

Description: Saline tidal wetlands are important sites of carbon sequestration and produce negligible methane (CH4) emissions due to regular inundation with sulfate-rich seawater. Yet, widespread management of coastal hydrology has restricted tidal exchange in vast areas of coastal wetlands. These ecosystems often undergo impoundment and freshening, which in turn cause vegetation shifts like invasion by Phragmites, that affect ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding controls and scaling of carbon exchange in these understudied ecosystems is critical for informing climate consequences of blue carbon restoration and/or management interventions. Here, we (1) examine how carbon fluxes vary across a salinity gradient (4–25 psu) in impounded and natural, tidally unrestricted Phragmites wetlands using static chambers and (2) probe drivers of carbon fluxes within an impounded coastal wetland using eddy covariance at the Herring River in Wellfleet, MA, United States. Freshening across the salinity gradient led to a 50-fold increase in CH4 emissions, but effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) were less pronounced with uptake generally enhanced in the fresher, impounded sites. The impounded wetland experienced little variation in water-table depth or salinity during the growing season and was a strong CO2 sink of −352 g CO2-C m−2 year−1 offset by CH4 emission of 11.4 g CH4-C m−2 year−1. Growing season CH4 flux was driven primarily by temperature. Methane flux exhibited a diurnal cycle with a night-time minimum that was not reflected in opaque chamber measurements. Therefore, we suggest accounting for the diurnal cycle of CH4 in Phragmites, for example by applying a scaling factor developed here of ~0.6 to mid-day chamber measurements. Taken together, these results suggest that although freshened, impounded wetlands can be strong carbon sinks, enhanced CH4 emission with freshening reduces net radiative balance. Restoration of tidal flow to impounded ecosystems could limit CH4 production and enhance their climate regulating benefits.

Description: This project was supported by USGS-NPS Natural Resources Preservation Program #2021-07, U.S. Geological Survey Coastal & Marine Hazards and Resources Program and the USGS Land Change Science Program's LandCarbon program, and NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative NA14NOS4190145. R Sanders-DeMott was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship and partnership with Restore America's Estuaries.

Keywords: Blue carbon ; Coastal wetland ; Dike ; Eddy covariance ; Impoundment ; Methane ; Net ecosystem exchange ; Phragmites ; Restoration ; Static chambers

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Nutrient limitation of woody debris decomposition in a tropical forest : contrasting effects of N and P addition (2016)

Chen, Yao ; Sayer, Emma J. ; Li, Zhian ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of British Ecological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Functional Ecology 30 (2016): 295-304, doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12471.

Description: Tropical forests represent a major terrestrial store of carbon (C), a large proportion of which is contained in the soil and decaying organic matter. Woody debris plays a key role in forest C dynamics because it contains a sizeable proportion of total forest C. Understanding the factors controlling the decomposition of organic matter in general, and woody debris in particular, is hence critical to assessing changes in tropical C storage. We conducted a factorial fertilization experiment in a tropical forest in South China to investigate the influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on woody debris decomposition using branch segments (5 cm diameter) of four species (Acacia auriculaeformis, Aphanamixis polystachya, Schefflera octophylla, and Carallia brachiata) in plots fertilized with +N, +P, or +NP, and controls. Fertilization with +P and +NP increased decomposition rates by 5–53%, and the magnitude was species specific. Contrary to expectations, we observed no negative effect of +N addition on decay rates or mass loss of woody debris in any of the four study species. Decomposition rates of woody debris were higher in species with lower C : P ratios regardless of treatment. We observed significant accumulation of P in the woody debris of all species in plots fertilized with +P and +NP during the early stages of decomposition. N release from woody debris of Acacia (N-fixing) was greater in the +P plots towards the end of the study, whereas fertilization with +N had no impact on the patterns of nutrient release during decomposition. Synthesis: Our results indicate that decomposition of woody debris is primarily constrained by P availability in this tropical forest. However, contrary to expectations, +N addition did not exacerbate P limitation. It is conceivable that decay rates of woody debris in tropical forests can be predicted by C : P or lignin : P ratios, but additional work with more tree species is needed to determine whether the patterns we observed are more generally applicable.

Description: Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Number: 31300419; NSFC-Guangdong Joint Project Grant Number: U1131001; National Basic Research Program of China Grant Number: 2011CB403200; Innovation Foundation of Guangdong Forestry Grant Numbers: 2012KJCX013-02, 2014KJCX021-03; Strategic Priority Research Program’ of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant Number: XDA05070307

Description: 2016-06-24

Keywords: CWD ; Decay ; Deposition ; Fertilization ; Nutrient addition ; Tropical soil ; Fine woody debris

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Preprint

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Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: An incubation experiment. (2019)

Wang, Faming ; Kroeger, Kevin D. ; Gonneea, Meagan E. ; [et al.]

Wiley Open Access

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wang, F., Kroeger, K. D., Gonneea, M. E., Pohlman, J. W., & Tang, J. Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: An incubation experiment. Ecology and Evolution, 9(4), (2019):1911-1921, doi:10.1002/ece3.4884.

Description: Coastal wetlands are a significant carbon (C) sink since they store carbon in anoxic soils. This ecosystem service is impacted by hydrologic alteration and management of these coastal habitats. Efforts to restore tidal flow to former salt marshes have increased in recent decades and are generally associated with alteration of water inundation levels and salinity. This study examined the effect of water level and salinity changes on soil organic matter decomposition during a 60‐day incubation period. Intact soil cores from impounded fresh water marsh and salt marsh were incubated after addition of either sea water or fresh water under flooded and drained water levels. Elevating fresh water marsh salinity to 6 to 9 ppt enhanced CO2 emission by 50%−80% and most typically decreased CH4 emissions, whereas, decreasing the salinity from 26 ppt to 19 ppt in salt marsh soils had no effect on CO2 or CH4 fluxes. The effect from altering water levels was more pronounced with drained soil cores emitting ~10‐fold more CO2 than the flooded treatment in both marsh sediments. Draining soil cores also increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Stable carbon isotope analysis of CO2 generated during the incubations of fresh water marsh cores in drained soils demonstrates that relict peat OC that accumulated when the marsh was saline was preferentially oxidized when sea water was introduced. This study suggests that restoration of tidal flow that raises the water level from drained conditions would decrease aerobic decomposition and enhance C sequestration. It is also possible that the restoration would increase soil C decomposition of deeper deposits by anaerobic oxidation, however this impact would be minimal compared to lower emissions expected due to the return of flooding conditions.

Description: We acknowledge collaboration and support from Tim Smith of the Cape Cod National Seashore, James Rassman and Tonna‐Marie Surgeon‐Rogers of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Margot McKlveen of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Jennifer O'keefe Suttles, Wally Brooks and Michael Casso of the USGS, and Amanda Spivak of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This study was funded by the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative (NA09NOS4190153 and NA14NOS4190145) awarded to JT and KK, MIT Sea Grant (2015‐R/RC‐141), and USGS‐Land Carbon and Coastal & Marine Geology projects. F.W. was also supported by funding from Natural Science Foundation of China (31300419, 31670621, 31870463). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

Keywords: carbon dioxide ; greenhouse gas ; methane ; restoration ; salt marsh

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States (2020)

Wang, Faming ; Lu, Xiaoliang ; Sanders, Christian J. ; [et al.]

Nature Research

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wang, F., Lu, X., Sanders, C. J., & Tang, J. Tidal wetland resilience to sea level rise increases their carbon sequestration capacity in United States. Nature Communications, 10(1), (2019): 5434, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13294-z.

Description: Coastal wetlands are large reservoirs of soil carbon (C). However, the annual C accumulation rates contributing to the C storage in these systems have yet to be spatially estimated on a large scale. We synthesized C accumulation rate (CAR) in tidal wetlands of the conterminous United States (US), upscaled the CAR to national scale, and predicted trends based on climate change scenarios. Here, we show that the mean CAR is 161.8 ± 6 g Cm−2 yr−1, and the conterminous US tidal wetlands sequestrate 4.2–5.0 Tg C yr−1. Relative sea level rise (RSLR) largely regulates the CAR. The tidal wetland CAR is projected to increase in this century and continue their C sequestration capacity in all climate change scenarios, suggesting a strong resilience to sea level rise. These results serve as a baseline assessment of C accumulation in tidal wetlands of US, and indicate a significant C sink throughout this century.

Description: This study was partially funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (31300419, 31670621, 31870463), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0408), R&D Program of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2018B030324003) and Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou (201710010140) awarded to F.W. J.T. is supported by the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative (NA09NOS4190153 and NA14NOS4190145). C.J.S. is supported by Australian Research Council (DE160100443).

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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