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  • 1
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    MINERALIZATION RATE CONSTANTS AND THEIR USE FOR ESTIMATING NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOME CANADIAN PRAIRIE SOILS (1984)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Description: There is a need to provide quantitative relationships that will allow agronomists to estimate accurately the nitrogen-supplying power of soils while taking into account both temperature and soil moisture variations. The procedure for estimating net nitrogen mineralization proposed by Stanford and co-workers was used to determine Arrhenius relationships between the rate constants (k) and absolute temperature (°K) for 33 virgin and cultivated Western Canadian prairie surface (0–15 cm) soils. There was no significant difference in Arrhenius relationship between soils within each soil zone; thus, a single average Arrhenius equation was calculated per soil zone. Average Q10 for the Brown chernozemic soils was 2.75, for the Dark Brown, thin Black and thick Black chernozems, 2.18, and for the Gray luvisols, 2.0. These Q10 values are as high or higher than those reported in other parts of the world and may be related to the degree of degradation of the soil organic matter in these various soils. Culture had no marked effect on Q10 but sandy soils had higher Q10 than loams and clays. An equation for estimating net nitrogen mineralization for the Wood Mountain loam (a Brown chernozem) was tested using data from a previous study. The results were quite satisfactory, especially when the test data were derived under laboratory conditions where moisture was well controlled. The temperature functions presented herein can be used together with moisture functions and potentially mineralizable nitrogen results published earlier to make first estimates of net nitrogen mineralized during the growing season in the soils tested. Key words: Q10, Arrhenius relationship, potentially mineralizable nitrogen
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    THE FIRST 12 YEARS OF A LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION STUDY IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN — NITRATE-N DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL AND N UPTAKE BY THE PLANT (1983)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-01
    Description: The distribution of NO3-N in the soil, and N uptake by the crop during the first 12 yr of a long-term rotation study at Swift Current, Saskatchewan were studied. A considerable amount of NO3-N appeared to be leached beyond the rooting zone of the cereal crop in years of above average precipitation and also in some relatively dry years with heavy spring rains. Thus, leaching of NO3-N seemed to occur even under continuous wheat rotations. At all times there was considerable NO3-N situated at the 60- to 120-cm depth. In wet years N uptake by the plants reduced the amount of NO3-N located in the subsoil, but in dry years the amount of NO3-N in the subsoil remained higher throughout the growing season. The latter could result in groundwater pollution, especially if such a soil was fallowed the next year. Fall rye (Secale cereale L.) made more efficient use of mineral N than spring-sown crops. In dry years more NO3-N persisted in the root zone of N-fertilized wheat than in the root zone of unfertilized wheat, but in wet and average years there was little difference due to N application. The average rate of net NO3-N production in fallow land from spring thaw to freeze-up (166 days) was 107 kg∙ha−1. Values ranged from about 60 to 175 kg∙ha−1 with the lowest values being obtained during very dry or very wet years. The quantity of N mineralized (kg∙ha−1) between spring thaw and freeze-up was related to precipitation (mm) by the equation Nmin = 29.0 + 0.20 precipitation for the 0- to 60-cm depth (R2 = 0.65*). Key words: Nitrate leaching, N uptake, crop rotations, N mineralization rate
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
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    Influence of legumes and fertilization on deep distribution of available phosphorus (Olsen-P) in a thin Black Chernozemic soil (1993)
    Canadian Science Publishing
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    Publication Date: 1993-11-01
    Description: Inorganic phosphorus (P) is generally believed to be relatively immobile in Chernozemic soils. However, available P (e.g., Olsen-P) has been found at depth in some soils and this has been postulated to be either the result of leaching or of transportation by plant roots. Lagumes, in particular, are believed to be involved in the latter mechanism. A long-term (34-yr) crop rotation study conducted on a heavy clay, thin Black Chernozemic soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, was sampled to a depth of 4.5 m in May and September 1991, to determine the influence of fertilization, cropping frequency, legume green manure and legume-grass hay crops on Olsen-P distribution in the soil profile. The results indicated that Olsen-P may indeed leach in Chernozemic soils, especially when fallow-containing cropping systems are fertilized. It also appeared that deep-rooted legumes, such as sweetclover Melilotus officinalis L.) green manure and alfalfa-bromegrass (Medicago sativa L. — Bromus inermis Leyss) hay crops do increase Olsen-P in the subsoil, possibly through root decomposition in situ. Key words: Rotations, bicarbonate-soluble Pi, legumes, green manure, fertilizers
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    FIRST 12 YEARS OF A LONG-TERM CROP ROTATION STUDY IN SOUTH WESTERN SASKATCHEWAN — BICARBONATE-P DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL AND P UPTAKE BY THE PLANT (1984)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: The first 12 yr (1967–1978) of an ongoing crop rotation study being conducted on a Brown Chernozemic loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, has already been assessed for yield, economics and soil N changes. In this paper the effect of crop rotation, N and P fertilizer and environmental factors on NaHCO3-extractable in-organic P (bicarbonate-P) and plant P were assessed. The soil had a high level of bicarbonate-P at the initiation of the experiment. Withholding P fertilizer for 12 yr did not reduce the level of bicarbonate-P but, frequent P application, using generally recommended rates of P, increased the bicarbonate-P in the top 15 cm of soil; the bicarbonate-P levels below 15-cm depth were unchanged. Bicarbonate-P changes during fallowing were significantly related to changes occurring in cropped treatments (r = 0.62** to 0.85**). There was no evidence of net P mineralization. Between spring and fall 66–88% of the variability in bicarbonate-P occurring in the top 15 cm of soil was related to soil moisture, air temperature, and their interaction. Invariably, bicarbonate-P increased between late fall and spring thaw. P uptake by plants was linearly related to time through to shot blade stage; the rate slowed thereafter, but uptake continued to maturity. The amount of P uptake was directly related to dry matter yield and positively influenced by N fertilizer. It was concluded that bicarbonate-P might not be the best indication of P availability and that a more detailed study of the cycling of P in these rotations would be invaluable. Key words: Bicarbonate-P, uptake, temperature effects, moisture effects
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    A Low Cost Microcomputer Data Acquisition System for the Technicon Autoanalyzer 1,2 (1983)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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