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  • 1
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    Retroviral recombination and reverse transcription (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Recombination occurs at a high rate in retroviral replication, and its observation requires a virion containing two different RNA molecules (heterodimeric particles). Analysis of retroviral recombinants formed after a single round of replication revealed that (i) the nonselected markers changed more frequently than expected from the rate of recombination of selected markers; (ii) the transfer of the initially synthesized minus strand strong stop DNA was either intramolecular or intermolecular; (iii) the transfer of the first synthesized plus strand strong stop DNA was always intramolecular; and (iv) there was a strong correlation between the type of transfer of the minus strand strong stop DNA and the number of template switches observed. These data suggest that retroviral recombination is ordered and occurs during the synthesis of both minus and plus strand DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, W S -- Temin, H M -- CA-07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-22443/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1227-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1700865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Neomycin ; Osteosarcoma ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virion/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Recombinant origin of the retrovirus XMRV (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-02
    Description: The retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) has been detected in human prostate tumors and in blood samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but these findings have not been replicated. We hypothesized that an understanding of when and how XMRV first arose might help explain the discrepant results. We studied human prostate cancer cell lines CWR22Rv1 and CWR-R1, which produce XMRV virtually identical to the viruses recently found in patient samples, as well as their progenitor human prostate tumor xenograft (CWR22) that had been passaged in mice. We detected XMRV infection in the two cell lines and in the later passage xenografts, but not in the early passages. In particular, we found that the host mice contained two proviruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, which share 99.92% identity with XMRV over 〉3.2-kilobase stretches of their genomes. We conclude that XMRV was not present in the original CWR22 tumor but was generated by recombination of two proviruses during tumor passaging in mice. The probability that an identical recombinant was generated independently is negligible (~10(-12)); our results suggest that the association of XMRV with human disease is due to contamination of human samples with virus originating from this recombination event.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278917/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278917/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paprotka, Tobias -- Delviks-Frankenberry, Krista A -- Cingoz, Oya -- Martinez, Anthony -- Kung, Hsing-Jien -- Tepper, Clifford G -- Hu, Wei-Shau -- Fivash, Matthew J Jr -- Coffin, John M -- Pathak, Vinay K -- P30 CA093373/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA150197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA 089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441-11/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ZIA BC011339-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):97-101. doi: 10.1126/science.1205292. Epub 2011 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor/*virology ; DNA Contamination ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/virology ; Gammaretrovirus/*genetics ; Genes, env ; Genes, gag ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; Proviruses/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/*genetics/*isolation & ; purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of an electric field applied during pulsed laser deposition of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 on the film orientation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 7089-7093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low electric field applied during film deposition has a significant influence on the orientation of ferroelectric thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. C-axis oriented growth of LiNbO3 films was demonstrated on fused silica with the aid of a low bias voltage Vb=0–120 V, and complete c-axis orientation was achieved at Vb=110 V. In contrast, the electric field cannot induce c-axis orientation of LiTaO3 films. Theoretical analysis suggests that the electrostatic energy provides an extra driving force for the c-axis oriented growth of the ferroelectric films if the permittivity components satisfy ε33/ε11≤2, as in LiNbO3 film, but not if ε33/ε11〉2 at the deposition temperature, as in LiTaO3 film. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363720
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed excimer (KrF) laser induced crystallization of PbZr0.44Ti0.56O3 amorphous films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2481-2483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous PZT thin films 600 nm thick were rf sputtered from a PbZr0.44Ti0.56O3 ceramic target with excess PbO onto glass substrates maintained at room temperature. After irradiation with a 248 nm KrF pulsed excimer laser with a power density of 2.3×107 W/m2 at a frequency of 50 Hz and a pulsed width of 30 ns for 2 min, the films crystallized into the PZT perovskite structure to a depth of about 120 nm. Comparisons of this work with PZT crystallization obtained from a traditional oven and 488 nm Ar+ laser postdeposition treatments are also given. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114002
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of piezoelectric-coefficient modulated multilayer film ZnO/Al2O3 and its ultrahigh frequency resonance (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 548-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multilayer films composed of piezoelectrically active ZnO and inactive Al2O3 layers were prepared on silicon by a pulsed laser deposition technique. The ZnO layers were completely (001) textured to generate a single piezoelectric coefficient d33 perpendicular to the substrate surface and the Al2O3 layers were amorphous at 375 °C. The interfacial sharpness and the film orientation were analyzed by low and high angle x-ray diffraction θ–2θ scanning. High frequency resonance of 10.6 GHz was measured and higher values up to 100 GHz are expected in the multilayer films with periods 320 nm or smaller. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Layered defective lanthanum titanate thin films prepared by pulsed laser ablation of potassium lanthanum titanate ceramics (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of Lanthanum titanate have been prepared on SiO2 coated Si and fused silica substrates by excimer ultraviolet laser ablation of potassium lanthanum titanate ceramics (K2La2Ti3O10). X-ray θ–2θ scans revealed that the films as-grown at a substrate temperature of 750–850 °C were single phase defective perovskite, and exhibited superstructure line in addition to the lines expected for the foundamenal perovskite structure. The films can be produced by escaping of potassium from K2La2Ti3O10 and the superstructure line observed was considered to arise from the ordered arrangement of the A-site vacancies. The chemical compositions of the films were determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Optical waveguiding properties were demonstrated by m-line measurement using a rutile prism coupling method. The as grown films are colorless and transparent, and have the effective refractive index of 1.917 for TE modes at 632.8 nm. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell culture engineering
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Trends in Biotechnology 6 (1988), S. 83-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-7799
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(88)90061-3
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adherence of emulsan-producing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus to hydrophobic liquids (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 480-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The adherence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 31012 cells to hexadecane and perfluorocarbon FC-43 was measured using the Bacterial Adherence To Hydrocarbon (BATH) assay. In batch culture the adherence of cells to both hydrophobic liquids increased sharply during the exponential growth phase and remained high for the remainder of the culture period. No correlation was found between the surface emulsan concentration and the adherence to perfluorocarbon FC-43 and hexadecane. In continuous cultures, the production of cell-free emulsan was found to be growth-associated. The adherence to both hydrophobic liquids decreased with increasing dilution rate while the amount of surface emulsan increased. Furthermore, exogenously added emulsan decreased the adherence to hydrophobic liquids. Thus, the accumulation of surface emulsan does not appear to have a beneficial effect for cell adherence to hydrophobic liquids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270780
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of enhanced lysine ε-aminotransferase activity on cephamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recombinant strain of S. clavuligerus (LHM100) that contains an additional copy of the gene (lat) encoding lysine ε-aminotransferase (LAT) was analyzed and compared to the wild-type for intracellular concentrations of primary metabolites involved in cephamycin C biosynthesis. This strain had been shown previously to produce higher levels of the antibiotic because of increased levels of LAT, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the production of α-amino-adipic acid. The results showed that the overall growth kinetics of the two strains were comparable, including the intracellular concentrations of cysteine, valine and lysine. In contrast, 60% higher antibiotic production was observed in LHM100, which reflected a significant temporal variation in specific metabolite production rate. The time profile of LAT activity was consistently higher in LHM100; however, α-aminoadipic acid levels showed unexpected variation during the growth cycle. These results support the proposal that rate-limiting enzymes in cephamycin C biosynthesis are temporally controlled, and indicate that optimization of metabolite production will require differential overexpression of several biosynthetic genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164502
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of enhanced lysine ɛ-aminotransferase activity on cephamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A recombinant strain of S. clavuligerus (LHM100) that contains an additional copy of the gene (lat) encoding lysine ɛ-aminotransferase (LAT) was analyzed and compared to the wild-type for intracellular concentrations of primary metabolites involved in cephamycin C biosynthesis. This strain had been shown previously to produce higher levels of the antibiotic because of increased levels of LAT, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the production of α-aminoadipic acid. The results showed that the overall growth kinetics of the two strains were comparable, including the intracellular concentrations of cysteine, valine and lysine. In contrast, 60% higher antibiotic production was observed in LHM100, which reflected a significant temporal variation in specific metabolite production rate. The time profile of LAT activity was consistently higher in LHM100; however, α-aminoadipic acid levels showed unexpected variation during the growth cycle. These results support the proposal that rate-limiting enzymes in cephamycin C biosynthesis are temporally controlled, and indicate that optimization of metabolite production will require differential overexpression of several biosynthetic genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050541
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