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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Potato cyst-nematode ; Quantitative trait loci RFLP ; Distorted segregation ; Solanum spegazzinii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A high level of resistance toGlobodera pallida pathotypes Pa2 and Pa3 exists inSolanum spegazzinii, a wild relative of potato (S. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum). Here we report the mapping of loci involved in quantitatively-inherited nematode resistance with the use of RFLPs. One major locus,Gpa, was mapped on chromosome 5 and two minor loci on chromosomes 4 and 7 ofS. spegazzinii. Additionally, the contribution of the susceptible parent to nematode resistance was determined. TheGpa locus was solely responsible for the high resistance level found in the segregating population. However, the RFLP marker closely linked to this resistance locus showed a distorted segregation, with a shortage of plants having the resistance linked allele. Our results indicate that a prediction of the genetic constitution of a quantitative trait based solely on phenotypic observations can lead to erroneous conclusions.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum spegazzinii ; Globodera rostochi ensis ; Nematode resistance ; QTL ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the identification and mapping of two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of Solanum spegazzinii BGRC, accession 8218-15, involved in resistance to the potato cyst-nematode Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, by means of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). For this purpose we crossed a susceptible diploid S. tuberosum with the resistant S. spegazzinii, and tested the F1 population for resistance to the Ro1 pathotype. Since the F1 segregated for the resistance, the S. spegazzinii parent was concluded to be heterozygous at the nematode resistance loci. For the mapping of the resistance loci we made use of RFLP markers segregating for S. spegazzinii alleles in the F1. One hundred and seven RFLP markers were tested in combination with four different restriction enzymes; 29 of these displayed a heterozygous RFLP pattern within S. spegazzinii and were used for mapping. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the association of the RFLP patterns of these markers with nematode resistance. Two QTLs involved in disease resistance to Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 were identified and mapped to chromosomes 10 and 11 respectively.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum species ; potato ; tubers ; leaves ; breeding ; steroidal alkaloids ; glycoalkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The compositions of glycosidic-bound steroidal alkaloids (SA) of Solanum species used in potato breeding were assessed by capillary gas chromatography using simultaneous nitrogen-specific (NPD) and flameionisation detection (FID). High concentrations of solanidine glycosides and other steroidal glycoalkaloids, amongst which the teratogenic SA solasodine, were found in tubers and leaves of wild species. In addition unidentified compounds were found, which were most probably SA as was shown by their NPD/FID response ratios. The total glycoalkaloid contents varied from 123 to 7348 mg/kg fresh weight. Tubers of cultivars, corresponding in small size and grown under the same conditions as tubers of the wild species, showed contents of solanidine glycosides which were 2–3 times higher than those of field-grown normal tubers (126–721 vs 40–360 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively). In some cases the SA compositions of the tubers were markedly different from those of the leaves of the same plant or they varied between accessions of the same species. Also the growing conditions appeared to influence the composition quantitatively and qualitatively. The consequences for potato breeding of utilizing wild Solanum species containing potentially hazardous levels of SA are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 463-470 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLPs ; Solanum spegazzinii ; Globodera sp ; Interlocus interaction ; Intralocus interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A backcross population, derived from the cross (S. tuberosumxS. spegazzinii)xS. tuberosum was used to map QTLs involved in nematode resistance, tuber yield and root development. Complete linkage maps were available for the interspecific hybrid parent as well as the S. tuberosum parent, and interval mapping for all traits was performed for both. Additionally, the intra- and inter-locus interactions of the QTLs were examined. The Gro1.2 locus, involved in resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, that was previously mapped in the S. tuberosumxS. spegazzinii F1 population, was located more precisely on chromosome 10. A new resistance locus, Gro1.4, also conferring resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, was found on chromosome 3. Different alleles of this locus originating from both parents contributed to the resistant phenotype, indicating multiallelism at this locus. No interlocus interactions were observed between these two resistance loci. For resistance to G. pallida no QTLs were detected. One minor QTL involved in tuber yield was located on chromosome 4. Two QTLs involved in root development and having large effects were mapped on chromosomes 2 and 6 and an epistatic interaction was found between these two loci.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 463-470 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  RFLPs ; Solanum spegazzinii ; Globodera sp. ; Interlocus interaction ; Intralocus interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   A backcross population, derived from the cross (S. tuberosum×S. spegazzinii)×S. tuberosum was used to map QTLs involved in nematode resistance, tuber yield and root development. Complete linkage maps were available for the interspecific hybrid parent as well as the S. tuberosum parent, and interval mapping for all traits was performed for both. Additionally, the intra- and inter-locus interactions of the QTLs were examined. The Gro1.2 locus, involved in resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, that was previously mapped in the S. tuberosum×S. spegazzinii F1 population, was located more precisely on chromosome 10. A new resistance locus, Gro1.4, also conferring resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, was found on chromosome 3. Different alleles of this locus originating from both parents contributed to the resistant phenotype, indicating multiallelism at this locus. No interlocus interactions were observed between these two resistance loci. For resistance to G. pallida no QTLs were detected. One minor QTL involved in tuber yield was located on chromosome 4. Two QTLs involved in root development and having large effects were mapped on chromosomes 2 and 6 and an epistatic interaction was found between these two loci.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 35 (1992), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; nematodes ; eelworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An apparatus was developed for inoculating large numbers of experimental units with cysts ofGlobodera spp. The inoculator is adjustable and releases different and equal volumes of cysts from an internal reservoir. It was found to dispense accurate amounts of inoculum and to be much faster than manually counting cysts.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: multiplication ; environmental effects ; resistance expression ; root ball test ; flotation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden neuartige Verbesserungen zur Auslese vonSolanum-Hybriden auf Resistenz gegen Kartoffel-Zystennematoden beschrieben. Bei diesem Pathosystem ist das mass für die Resistenz quantitativ; ein Klon ist resistent, wenn die Vermehrungsrate des Nematoden an seinem Wurzelsystem 0,20 oder weniger ist (Kort et al., 1977). Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen die Vermehrung der Nematoden, von denen Bodentemperatur und Feuchtigkeit für die Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse bei der Auslese oft entscheidend sind (Wallace, 1963; Clarce & Perry, 1977; Ferris, 1957; Trudgill, 1970). Um die Bodentemperatur innerhalb des Bereiches von 16 bis 23°C zu halten, wurde ein Kühlsystem errichtet, in dem gekühltes Wasser durch eine Hohlstruktur auf einem Gewächshaustisch zirkulierte. Der Tisch war mit schwarzer Polyäthylenfolie wasserdicht gemacht worden, Kanäle entstanden durch Verwendung gewellter Polyesterplatten, die auf der Polyäthylenfolie auflagen und mit Kies bedeckt waren, um eine horizontale und flache Oberfläche herzustellen. Auf dem Kies lag eine Polyäthylenmatte mit Kapillarbelag, auf diese wurden die Gefässe mit verschiedenen Bodentypen gestellt. De Pflanzen in den Gefässen wurden ein- oder zweimal in der Woche gegossen. Der Effekt der Kühlung wird in Abbildung 1 gezeigt. Ein derartiges System scheint die Einhaltung der Bodentemperatur innerhalb des Optimalbereiches sogar unter ziemlich extremen Bedingungen in unseren Gewächshäusern gewährleisten. Wird die Frequenz des Giessens zur Erhöhung der Effizienz von einmal täglich auf einoder zweimal wöchentlich reduziert, so wird es schwieriger, die Bodenfeuchtigkeit im optimalen Bereich zu halten. Wurde jedoch Erde mit hohem Gehalt an organischer Substanz verwendet, ergaben sich bei der Kombination mit kapillarischer Wasserführung keine Schwierigkeiten. Lehmiger Sand mit einer pF-Charakteristik nach Abb. 2 war ebenfalls verwendbar, mit einem Bodenwasser-Potential nahe dem Optimum von pF 2,3–2.4. Andere Bodentypen waren für diesen Zweck weniger gut geeignet (Tabelle 1). Die durchschnittliche Nematodenvermehrung war auf diesen Bodentypen meist geringer, und die Variationskoeffizienten stiegen an. Der Arbeitsaufwand für den Wurzelballentest reduzierte sich von zwei Minuten auf insgesamt eine Minute.
    Abstract: Résumé Des améliorations récentes dans la recherche d'hybrides deSolanum pour leur résistance au nématode à kyste de la pomme de terre sont décrites. Dans ce système pathologique, la mesure de résistance est quantitative; un clone est résistant quand la multiplication du nématode sur le système racinaire est de 0,20 ou moins (Kort et al., 1977). De nombreux facteurs modifient la multiplication du nématode parmi lesquels la température et l'humidité du sol sont décisives pour une bonne fiabilité des résultats de recherche (Wallace, 1963; Clarke & Perry, 1977; Ferris, 1957; Trudgill, 1970). Pour contrôler la température du sol à l'intérieur d'un intervalle 16–23°C, un système de refroidissement a été mis en place dans lequel de l'eau fraîche circulait à travers une structure évidée construite sur les tablettes d'une serre. La tablette a été rendue étanche par du polythène noir et des canaux ont été effectués avec des feuilles de polyester ondulées sur le polythène et recouverts de graviers afin d'obtenir une surface horizontale et plate. Un film de polythène avec un paillage capillaire a été étendu sur ce gravier et des pots de différents types de sol ont été déposés sur le paillage. Les plantes en pots ont été arrosées une à deux fois par semaine. L'effet de refroidissement sur la température du sol est indiqué dans la figure I. Un tel système permet de contrôler la température du sol dans une échelle optimale même sous des conditions extrêmes dans notre serre. Quand la fréquence de l'arrosage est réduite de une fois par jour à une à deux fois par semaine pour augmenter l'efficacité, il devient plus difficile de contrôler l'humidité dans une échelle optimale, mais lorsque une terre mise en pot contenant beaucoup de matière organique est utilisé avec un paillage capillaire, aucune difficulté n'apparait. Un sable argileux, avec un pF caractéristique comme il est indiqué dans la figure 2 peut être aussi utilisé avec un potentiel hydrique près de l'optimum de pF 2,3 à 2,4. D'autres types de sol étaient moins adaptés pour ce but (tableau 1). La multiplication moyenne de nématodes était généralement plus basse avec ces types de sol et les coefficients de variation augmentaient. Le temps nécessaire pour le test ‘Rootball’ étant réduit à un total de 1 minute par plante seulement, au lieu de 2 minutes, lorsque les pots étaient enterrés dans de la tourbe et arrosés une fois par jour.
    Notes: Summary Recent improvements in screeningSolanum populations for resistance to the potato cyst nematode are described. Soil temperature control within the required optimum range is obtained in greenhouse by cooling the bench. The use of a cotton blanket (capillary matting) on the bench under the pots reduced the frequency of watering to once or twice a week. The system is reliable, and provides a large capacity/low cost facility for large-scale resistance screening.
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