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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tocopherol, plastochromanol and fatty acid patterns in the genusLinum (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 221 (2000), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Linaceae ; Linum spp. ; flax ; variation ; chemotaxonomy ; fatty acids ; tocopherols ; plastochromanol-8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid composition of the seed oil has been used as a criterion in searching for a rational infrageneric classification ofLinum L.. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the taxonomic potential of other seed traits such as tocopherols and plastochromanol-8 in this genus. The results revealed that, in addition to fatty acids, tocopherols and plastochromanol-8 possess an important chemotaxonomic value for the genusLinum. Sect.Linum and sect.Syllinum Griseb. clearly differed from each other for the three types of compounds. Sect.Linum was characterized by the presence of plastochromanol-8, a high concentration of linolenic acid, and an intermediate or low concentration of alpha-tocopherol. Contrarily, sect.Syllinum lacked plastochromanol-8 and contained a low concentration of linolenic acid and a high concentration of alpha-tocopherol. The three species evaluated of the sectionLinastrum (Planch.) Bentham showed no common pattern, questioning their classification within the same section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086382
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 101 (1998), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; fatty acid composition ; NIRS ; rapeseed ; reflectance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid method to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed samples of rapeseed. A total of 549 samples (3 g intact seed) from selected mutant and breeding lines were scanned by NIRS, and 220 of them were selected and scanned again by using two different adapters, which reduced the sample size to 300 and 60 mg, respectively. Selected samples were analysed by gas liquid chromatography and calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed. Calibrations for oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acid were highly accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation from 0.95 to 0.98 (samples of 3 g), from 0.93 to 0.97 (300 mg), and from 0.84 to 0.96 (60 mg). Calibrations for palmitic and stearic acid were less accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation always lower than 0.8, probably because of the narrow range available for these fatty acids. The accuracy of the calibration equations for eicosenoic acid was very low (r2 = 0.69 in 3 g samples), although improved equations were developed (r2 from 0.78 to 0.91) when the relationship between erucic and eicosenoic acid was taken into account. We conclude that NIRS is a powerful technique to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in rapeseed, provided that samples covering a wide range of fatty acid levels are available, with the advantage that such estimation is possible with few additional costs when NIRS is used for the determination of other seed quality traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018358707847
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient method for screening seed colour in Ethiopian mustard using visible reflectance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: common factor analysis ; Ethiopian mustard ; seed colour ; visible reflectance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed colour is considered as an important breeding objective in Ethiopian mustard and other Brassica species, but its measurement is usually subjective rather than objective. For this reason we studied the potential of visible reflectance spectroscopy (VRS) combined with factorial analysis and multivariate calibration to predict seed colour in seeds of Ethiopian mustard. A total of 8331 samples were screened in the range 400–2500 nm with a near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) spectrophotometer. A common factor analysis was performed using 1148 samples and spectral data from 400 to 700 nm. It was found that four common factors explained 99.9% of the variance. Three of these factors were associated with colour characteristics of the seeds. Factor 1 separated yellow, yellow-brown and brown seeded samples, factor 3 separated brown from reddish-brown samples and factor 4 separated complete yellow from greenish-yellow samples. Calibration equations were developed for each factor, which allowed seed colour in those samples not included in factor analysis to be predicted. This study demonstrated that seed colour prediction can be incorporated into NIRS routine analysis with instruments that incorporate the visible spectral region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027488
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil in a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Brassica ; fatty acids ; germplasm ; near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; NIRS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A germplasm collection consisting of 1475 entries from 21 species of Brassica, including 36 lower taxa, was evaluated for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. A total of 358 entries representing the taxonomic variability in the collection were selected and analysed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The remaining 1117 entries were analysed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), after developing multi-species calibration equations. The results demonstrated that NIRS is an effective technique to assess variability for oleic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acid in intact-seed samples of multiple Brassica species, provided that calibration equations be developed from sets containing large taxonomic and chemical variability. Some fatty acid ratios were used to estimate the efficiency of the different biosynthetic pathways. Two well-defined patterns were observed. The first one was characterised by high elongation efficiency and accumulation of high levels of erucic acid. The highest erucic acid content (〉55% of the total fatty acids) was found in the cultivated species B. napus L., B. oleracea L., and B. rapa L., and in the wild species B. incana Tenore, B. rupestris Raf., and B. villosa Bivona-Bernardi, the three latter belonging to the B. oleracea group (n=9). The second pattern was characterised by high desaturation efficiency, resulting in the accumulation of high levels of the polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic acid (up to more than 55%). The highest levels of these fatty acids were found in samples of B. elongata Ehrh., especially of the var. integrifolia Boiss. The utility of the reported variability for plant breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008628624867
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive Assessment of Sinapic Acid Esters in Brassica Species: I. Analysis by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 1645-1650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sinapic acid esters (SAE) are important antinutritional compounds of the seed of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and related Brassica species. The objective of this work was to study the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyze SAE content in intact-seed samples of the genus Brassica. A total of 400 samples belonging to 17 species of Brassica were used to develop an initial calibration equation for this trait by using modified partial least squares regression on second derivative-transformed and scatter-corrected spectra. The r2 in cross validation was 0.91, and the standard error of cross validation was 1.1 g kg-1 seed (mean = 10.0). The calibration set was expanded with 187 further samples, selected for low SAE content with the initial equation, and the accuracy of the method was tested through both external and independent validation. In the first case, the analysis of samples not included but belonging to species represented in the calibration set led to an r2 of 0.92 and standard error of performance (SEP) of 1.1 g kg-1 (mean = 9.2). In the second case, the analysis of 57 samples of B. juncea (L.) Czern., not represented with any sample in the calibration, resulted in a SEP of 1.1 g kg-1 (mean = 7.3). The results demonstrated the robustness of the calibration equations to estimate SAE content in a wide range of species of the genus Brassica, even of those not used for calibration. NIRS discrimination of this trait was associated with eight spectral regions, all related to chemical absorbers in the sinapic acid molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive Screening for Oleic and Linoleic Acid in Single Sunflower Achenes by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Helianthus annuus L.) require large numbers for chromatographic analyses of half seeds. The objective of this research was to study the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the oleic and linoleic acid concentrations of intact single sunflower achenes. Spectra from intact achenes were collected with a specially designed adapter and a standard monochromator instrument. Calibration equations for oleic and linoleic acid were developed from a calibration set including 465 intact achenes with a large range of variation for both fatty acids and were validated with an external set of 100 intact achenes. The coefficient of determination between NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was 0.88 for both fatty acids in external validation, demonstrating the high reliability of NIRS to predict oleic and linoleic acid concentrations of intact, single sunflower achenes. The calibration equation for oleic acid was used to evaluate two F2 populations segregating for this fatty acid, which were further analyzed by GLC. The use of NIRS predictions permitted the discrimination of the majority of the high oleic acid achenes (〉 700 g kg-1 ), demonstrating the use of NIRS for selecting sunflower achenes with specific oleic and linoleic acid concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive Assessment of Sinapic Acid Esters in Brassica Species: II. Evaluation of Germplasm and Identification of Phenotypes with Reduced Levels (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 1650-1654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The seed of Brassica spp. Contain high levels of sinapic acid esters (SAE). Because of their antiquality nature, the presence of SAE limits the use of Brassica meal as a source of high-quality protein. The objective of this study was to search for material with reduced SAE content in Brassica spp. A collection of 1487 accessions of 21 species of Brassica and a set of 1361 samples of breeding material of rapeseed (B. napus L.) were analyzed for SAE content by using a previously calibrated near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument. The accessions of the germplasm collection showed an average SAE content of 9.4 g kg-1, ranging from 1.7 g kg-1 in an entry of B. tournefortii Gouan to 15.5 g kg-1 in an entry of B. carinata A. Braun. Low levels of SAE were found in B. barrelieri (L.) Janka, B. oxyrrhina Coss., B. souliei (Batt.) Batt., and especially in B. tournefortii, with an average SAE content of 4.1 g kg-1 in 31 accessions. Breeding material of B. napus ranged from 5.0 to 17.7 g kg-1. The samples with the lowest SAE content from both the germplasm collection (n = 112) and the breeding material (n = 75) were further analyzed by the laboratory reference method, with the low levels being confirmed. The SAE content was positively correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with protein and glucosinolate contents. Because of the observed correlations, simultaneous selection for low SAE, low glucosinolate and high oil contents should be performed. The use of B. tournefortii germplasm having low SAE content in breeding programs can potentially reduce these compounds in cultivated Brassica oilseeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability for seed glucosinolates in a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Brassica ; genetic variability ; germplasm ; glucosinolate content ; glucosinolate profile ; near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A renewed interest in glucosinolates (GSLs) as compounds with biocidal and anticarcinogenic activity demands evaluation of the available variability in germplasm collections. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica for total content and profile of seed GSLs. A total of 1708 entries from 20 Brassica species were nondestructively analysed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The total GSL content and the concentrations of sinigrin, progoitrin, gluconapin, glucoerucin, glucoiberin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin were estimated by means of previously developed calibration equations. One hundred and fifty entries, having either high GSL content or potentially interesting GSL profiles, were selected and further analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The collection contained great variability for GSL content and profile. Very high GSL contents (〉200 μmol g-1) were measured in accessions of B. montana, B. nigra, and B. oleracea. The greatest intraspecific variability occurred in B. oleracea, where six contrasting GSL profiles were identified. The detected variability might be useful for the development of Brassica crops containing high GSL content and specific GSL profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008793623395
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of seed weight, oil content and fatty acid composition in intact single seeds of rapeseed ( Brassica napus} L.) by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 106 (1999), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; fatty acid composition ; intact single seeds ; NIRS ; oil content ; seed weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed weight, total oil content and its fatty acid composition in intact single seeds of rapeseed was studied. A calibration set of 530 single seeds was analysed by both NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and calibration equations for the major fatty acids were developed. External validation with a set of 75 seeds demonstrated a close relationship between NIRS and GLC data for oleic (r = 0.92) and erucic acid (r = 0.94), but not for linoleic (r = 0.75) and linolenic acid (r = 0.73). Calibration equations for seed weight and oil content were developed from a calibration set of 125 seeds. A gravimetric determination was used as reference method for oil content. External validation revealed a coefficient of correlation between NIRS and reference methods of 0.92 for both traits. The performance of the calibration equations for oleic and erucic acid was further studied by analysing two segregating F2 seed populations not represented in the calibration set. The results demonstrated that a reliable selection for both fatty acids in segregating populations can be made by using NIRS. We concluded that a reliable estimation of seed weight, oil content, oleic acid and erucic acid content in intact, single seeds of rapeseed is possible by using NIRS technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003592115110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific breeding for reduced glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 106 (1999), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica carinata ; intraspecific breeding ; mutagenesis ; total glucosinolate content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A total of six Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) lines showing reduced levels of total glucosinolate content were developed through two different approaches. In the first case, eight lines with good agronomic performance under southern-Spanish conditions were first evaluated during two years for glucosinolate content, and a pedigree selection was then performed during three further generations. The line N2-142, with an average glucosinolate content of 82 μmoles g-1 seed, was developed from the original line C-49, with an average glucosinolate content of 115 μmoles g-1 seed. In the second case, chemical mutagenesis (EMS 1% v/v) was applied to seeds from the line C- 101, with an average glucosinolate content of 125 μmoles g- 1 seed. Five mutant lines showing an average glucosinolate content between 20 and 30 μmoles g-1 seed lower than the wild line C-101 were isolated in the M_3 or M_4 generation. The reduced glucosinolate content of these mutants was confirmed by developing and analysing the M_5 generation. Previous results in B. juncea suggest that a further reduction of total glucosinolate content might be achieved through genetic recombination between the different lines developed in this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003591318649
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