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  • 1
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    Seismological features of the Pernicana–Provenzana Fault System (Mt. Etna, Italy) and implications for the dynamics of northeastern flank of the volcano (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0377-0273
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6097
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Repeating earthquakes and ground deformation reveal the structure and triggering mechanisms of the Pernicana fault, Mt. Etna (2021)
    In:  Communications Earth & Environment
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Structure and dynamics of fault systems can be investigated using repeating earthquakes as repeatable seismic sources, alongside ground deformation measurements. Here we utilise a dataset of repeating earthquakes which occurred between 2000 and 2019 along the transtensive Pernicana fault system on the northeast flank of Mount Etna, Italy, to investigate the fault structure, as well as the triggering mechanisms of the seismicity. By grouping the repeating earthquakes into families and integrating the seismic data with GPS measurements of ground deformation, we identify four distinct portions of the fault. Each portion shows a different behaviour in terms of seismicity, repeating earthquakes and ground deformation, which we attribute to structural differences including a segmentation of the fault plane at depth. The recurrence intervals of repeating earthquake families display a low degree of regularity which suggests an episodic triggering mechanism, such as magma intrusion, rather than displacement under a constant stress.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Source and Qp parameters from pulse width inversion of microearthquake data in southeastern Sicily, Italy (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Source and Qp parameters were estimated from the inversion of first arrival P waveform durations of about 300 microearthquakes recorded at a digital seismic network operating in southeastern Sicily. The average risetime and pulse width at each station do not show large differences, allowing us to exclude significant differential attenuation site effects. A first Qp estimate was obtained by applying the classical risetime method, under the assumption of a point-like source time function. In order to investigate the effect of directivity due to the finiteness of seismic sources, new nonlinear relationships, based on a circular crack model rupturing at a constant velocity, were numerically built. These relationships were used to formulate a nonlinear inverse method for retrieving source (radius, dip, and strike of the circular crack) and Qp parameters from the inversion of risetime and pulse width data. The application of the method produced a better fit of the observed data and a Qp value higher than that obtained by applying the risetime method. The discrepancy between the different Q estimates may be due to a trade-off among source dimension and Qp, as we inferred from a test on a subset of low-magnitude events (Ml ≤ 2.5). A good agreement with independent estimates of fault plane solutions, as inferred from P polarities and S polarizations, was found. The estimated stress drops are generally very low (0.1–10 bars). This suggests that the background seismic activity in southeastern Sicily is related to fault segments and/or weakened zones where great stress accumulations are hindered.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-14
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: source and Qp parameters ; risetime ; pulse width ; attenuation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Format: 654914 bytes
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  • 4
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    Evidences of overlapping strain fields beneath the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) from seismic and geodetic data during 2003-2004 (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We carried out a study of the seismicity and ground deformation occurred on Mount Etna volcano after the end of 2002-2003 eruption and before the onset of 2004-2005 eruption, and recorded by the permanent local seismic network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania and by the geodetic surveys carried out in July 2003 and July 2004 on the GPS network. We provided a description of seismicity rate and main seismic swarms which occurred during the investigated period. Mostly of the earthquakes are clustered in two main clusters located on the north-eastern and south-eastern sectors of the volcano. In order to better understand the kinematic processes of the volcano, the 3D relocation were used to compute fault plane solutions and a selected dataset was inverted to determine stress and strain tensors. The focal solutions on the north-eastern sector show clear left-lateral kinematics along an E-W fault plane, in good agreement with the Pernicana fault kinematics. The focal solutions on the south-eastern sector show a main right-lateral kinematics along a NE-SW fault plane evidencing a roughly E-W oriented compression coupled with a N-S extension. Surface ground deformation affecting Mt Etna and measured by GPS surveys highlights a marked inflation during the same period, mainly visible on the western and upper sectors of the volcano; on the contrary, its eastern side shows an exceptionally strong seawards and downwards motion with displacements ranging from 5 up to 10 cm along the coastline. The 2D geodetic strain tensor distribution was calculated on a 1.5 km spaced grid, in order to detail the strain axes orientation above the entire GPS network. The results of the 2D geodetic strain calculation evidenced the very strong extension (mainly along an - ENE-WSW axis) of the summit area that was already considered as the cause of the 2004-2005 eruption; this main ENE-WSW extension continues throughout the eastern flank, but here coupled with a WNW-ESE contraction, meaning a right-lateral shear along a NW-SE oriented fault plane. The opposite deformation of the eastern sector of the volcano, as measured by seismicity and ground deformation has to be interpreted by considering the different depths of the two signals. Seismic activity along the south-eastern sector is, in fact, located between 3 and 8 km b.s.l. and it is then affected by the very strong additional E-W compression induced by the inflating source located by inverting GPS data just westwards and at the same depth. Ground deformation measured by GPS at the surface, on the contrary, is mainly affected by the shallower dynamics of the eastern flank, fastly moving towards East that produces an opposite (extension) E-W strain. It is also meaningful, confirming the decoupling between the surface and deep strain, that all the seismicity of the south-eastern sector lies beneath the sliding plane already modeled by geodetic data for the same time interval and for the 2004-2006 period and also beneath the deeper one previously modeled during the 1993-1998 period when the eastern flank velocity was much slower.
    Description: Published
    Description: Trieste
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; seismic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 5
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    Seismological constraints for the dyke emplacement of the July-August 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy (2009)
    Editrice Compositori
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we report seismological evidence regarding the emplacement of the dike that fed the July 18 - August 9, 2001 lateral eruption at Mt. Etna volcano. The shallow intrusion and the opening of the eruptive fracture system, which mostly occurred during July 12, and July 18, were accompanied by one of the most intense seismic swarms of the last 20 years. A total of 2694 earthquakes (1 £ Md £ 3.9) were recorded from the beginning of the swarm (July 12) to the end of the eruption (August 9). Seismicity shows the upward migration of the dike from the basement to the relatively thin volcanic pile. A clear hypocentral migration was observed, well constraining the upwards propagation of a near-vertical dike, oriented roughly N-S, and located a few kilometers south of the summit region. Earthquake distribution and orientation of the P-axes from focal mechanisms indicate that the swarm was caused by the local stress source related to the dike intrusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 599-608
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; 2001 eruption ; seismicity ; fault plane solutions ; dike intrusion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Routine analysis for seismic monitoring of eastern Sicily (Italy) (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Eastern Sicily is one of the most high seismic and volcanic risk areas in Italy. The systematic monitoring of seismic activity in this region is carried out by means of a permanent local network, managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV-CT). The monitoring is performed: on-line by means of automatic systems designed to detect and elaborate the earthquakes and volcanic tremor, while off-line thanks to an expert scientific staff. Skilled ”analysts” daily recognize, analyse and storage all seismic events which occur in the Eastern Sicily, providing accurate information on the time evolution of earthquake activity recorded within the seismic network. In particular, the studied area encompasses four different geodynamic domines: two volcanic areas (Etna, Aeolian Island) and two tectonic ones (Hyblean Plateau and Peloritain Mountains). The good quality of earthquakes locations, the precise and the careful storage of the data, are a fundamental basis for further and important seismological studies. In detail, the scientific staff carry out, with high precision and regularity, the following main tasks: -daily counting of the earthquakes that is possible to recognize on seismograms of continuous recordings; calculation of the duration magnitude and the cumulative seismic strain release; -earthquakes location by using Winsuds software to calculate the main hypocentral parameters stored in catalogues that can be consulted in http://www.ct.ingv.it/Sismologia/analisti/default.asp -calculation of local magnitude for all the localized earthquakes with Matlab code; -waveforms, P and S-wave readings polarities and Hypoellipse output files are stored in appropriate directories inside a Databank; the Database mainly contains the “local” events recorded within the areas of coverage and some events recorded outside the network but in adjoining areas (e.g. southern Calabria, Ionian Sea, Thyrrenian Sea); -information on the daily number of explosion-quakes, VLP and landslides recorded at Stromboli volcano and on the number of very local earthquakes recorded in proximity of La Fossa of Vulcano island; -computation of focal plane solutions using the FPFIT algorithm with the aim to evaluate nodal planes and orientation of P and T axes for earthquakes with Md  3.0. Moreover, during the main eruptive events the scientific staff, in order to alert regional and national Civil Protection authorities, furnish a detailed analysis of seismic activity (parameters of earthquake locations, epicentral maps and cross sections, focal mechanisms, seismic strain release, earthquake rate, etc…) in real time or near real time.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (CT)
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; seismic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
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    Evidences of overlapping strain fields beneath the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) from seismic and geodetic data during 2003-2004 (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We carried out a study of the seismicity and ground deformation occurred on Mount Etna volcano after the end of 2002-2003 eruption and before the onset of 2004-2005 eruption, and recorded by the permanent local seismic network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania and by the geodetic surveys carried out in July 2003 and July 2004 on the GPS network. We provided a description of seismicity rate and main seismic swarms which occurred during the investigated period. Mostly of the earthquakes are clustered in two main clusters located on the north-eastern (E-W aligned and above the sea level) and south-eastern (NW-SE aligned and from 3 to 8 Km below the sea level) sectors of the volcano. in order to better understand the kinematic processes of the volcano, the 3D relocation were used to compute fault plane solutions and a selected dataset was inverted to determine stress and strain tensors. The focal solutions on the north-eastern sector show clear left-lateral kinematics along an E-W fault plane, in good agreement with the Pernicana fault kinematics. The focal solutions on the south-eastern sector show a main left-lateral kinematics along a NW-SE fault plane evidencing a roughly E-W oriented compression coupled with a N-S extension. Surface ground deformation affecting Mt Etna and measured by GPS surveys highlights a marked inflation during the same period, mainly visible on the western and upper sectors of the volcano; on the contrary, its eastern side shows an exceptionally strong seawards and downwards motion with displacements ranging from 5 up to 10 cm along the coastline. The 2D geodetic strain tensor distribution was calculated on a 1.5 km spaced grid, in order to detail the strain axes orientation above the entire GPS network. The results of the 2D geodetic strain calculation evidenced the very strong extension (mainly along an- ENE-WSW axis) of the summit area that was already considered as the cause of the 2004-2005 eruption; this main ENE-WSW extension continues throughout the eastern flank, but here coupled with a WNW-ESE contraction, meaning a right-lateral shear along a NW-SE oriented fault plane. The opposite deformation of the eastern sector of the volcano, as measured by seismicity and ground deformation has to be interpreted by considering the different depths of the two signals. Seismic activity along the NW-SE alignment is, in fact, located between 3 and 8 km b.s.l. and it is then affected by the very strong additional E-W compression induced by the inflating source located by inverting GPS data just westwards and at the same depth. Ground deformation measured by GPS at the surface, on the contrary, is mainly affected by the shallower dynamics of the eastern flank, fastly moving towards East that produces an opposite (extension) E-W strain. It is also meaningful, confirming the decoupling between the surface and deep strain, that all the seismicity of the south-eastern sector lies beneath the sliding plane already modeled by geodetic data for the same time interval and for the 2004-2006 period and also beneath the deeper one previously modeled during the 1993-1998 period when the eastern flank velocity was much slower.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (CT)
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; seismic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Structural features of the Pernicana Fault (M. Etna, Sicily, Italy) inferred by high precise location of the microseismicity (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The north-eastern flank of Mt. Etna is crossed by an important and active tectonic structure, the Pernicana Fault having a mean strike WNW–ESE. It links westward to the active NE Rift and seems to have an important role in controlling instability processes affecting the eastern flank of the volcano. Recent studies suggest that Pernicana Fault is very active through sinistral, oblique-slip movements and is also characterised by frequent shallow seismicity (depth 〈 2 km bsl) on the uphill western segment and by remarkable creeping on the downhill eastern one. The Pernicana Fault earthquakes, which can reach magnitudes up to 4.2, sometimes with coseismic surface faulting, caused severe damages to tourist resorts and villages along or close this structure. In the last years, a strong increase of seismicity, also characterized by swarms, was recorded by INGV-CT permanent local seismic network close the Pernicana Fault. A three-step procedure was applied to calculate precise hypocentre locations. In a first step, we chose to apply cross-correlation analysis, in order to easily evaluate the similarity of waveforms useful to identify earthquakes families. In a second step, we calculate probabilistic earthquake locations using the software package NONLINLOC, which includes systematic, complete grid search and global, non-linear search methods. Subsequently, we perform relative relocation of correlated event pairs using the double-difference earthquake algorithm and the program HypoDD. The double-difference algorithm minimizes the residuals between observed and calculated travel time difference for pairs of earthquakes at common stations by iteratively adjusting the vector difference between the hypocenters. We show the recognized spatial seismic clusters identifying the most active and hazarding sectors of the structure, their geometry and depth. Finally, in order to clarify the geodynamic framework of the area, we associate these results with calculated focal mechanisms for the most energetic earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna - Austria
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismogenic fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    High-precision locations of the microseismicity preceding the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna eruption (2005)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To recognize possible signals of intrusive processes leading to the last 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna, we analyzed the spatial pattern of microseismicity between August 2001 and October 2002 and calculated 23 fault plane solutions (FPSs) for shocks with magnitude greater than 2.5. By applying the double-difference approach of Waldhauser and Ellsworth [2000] on 3D locations, we found that most of the scattered epicentral locations further collapse in roughly linear features. High-precision locations evidenced a distribution of earthquakes along two main alignments, oriented NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, matching well both with the known tectonic and volcanic lineaments of Etna and FPSs results. Moreover, microseismicity and swarms located along the NNW-SSE volcano-genetic trend suggest, together with geodetic data and volcanological evidence that progressive magma refilling has occurred since February 2002.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismology: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics ; Seismology: Earthquake parameters ; Seismology: Volcano seismology ; Volcanology: Eruption monitoring ; Volcanology: Magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 490 bytes
    Format: 1909477 bytes
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  • 10
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    Contrasting triggering mechanisms of the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mount Etna produced two significant eruptions in 2001 and 2002–2003, which we have analysed using geological, seismic and deformation data. These eruptions showed some similarities, such as the activating of two magmatic plumbing systems (central–lateral and eccentric), but they differed in their triggering mechanisms. While the 2001 eruption was largely the result of the emplacement of a N–S eccentric dike (independent from the central conduits) consistent with E–W regional extension, the 2002–2003 eruption occurred in response to a major flank slip on the eastern and southeastern sides of the volcano. This is demonstrated by the spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity and deformation preceding and accompanying the two eruptions. During the months prior to the 2001 eruption, most epicenters were concentrated on the southern flank, at depths of 5–15 km below sea level. During the 4 days before the eruption, earthquake hypocenters migrated to shallower levels (from 5 km bsl. upward) indicating the emplacement of the eccentric dike. This is confirmed by the patterns of ground fracturing observed in the field and deformation documented by electronic distance measurements (EDM). In contrast, the months before the 2002–2003 eruption were characterised by shallower seismicity, mainly concentrated along the active faults bordering the slipping flank sector. Flank slip accelerated in September 2002 and a second, more vigorous acceleration of flank slip occurred on 26–27 October 2002, accompanying the opening of eruptive vents. The very short (2 h) seismic crisis preceding the onset of eruptive activity stands in neat contrast with the 4 days of intense seismicity before the 2001 eruption. Subsequently, flank slip-deformation extended all over the eastern and southeastern flanks of the volcano, causing serious damage in this sector. The events of 2001–2003 can be seen as a continuous chain of intimately interacting processes including regional tectonics, magma accumulation and eruption, and flank instability. In this scenario the 2001 eruption led to increased flank instability that subsequently accelerated and culminated with the massive flank slip, which in turn facilitated the 2002–2003 eruption. This sequence of events points to a long-term feedback mechanism between magmatism and flank instability at Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235-255
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: eruption triggering ; central–lateral vs. eccentric eruptions ; flank instability and slip ; volcano-tectonics ; Mt. Etna ; instrumental monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 520 bytes
    Format: 4829142 bytes
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