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  • 1
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    How a new instrument affects pilot's mental workload (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Display evaluation has generally been performed using reaction time experiments or subjective evaluations to determine which display is better suited for a particular application. A new testing procedure combined with two analysis techniques of scanning behavior have been used to evaluate two alternative display designs in a realistic setting. Tests were conducted in the Langley Research Center's General Aviation Simulator. The results indicated that a new bargraph type of vertical speed indicator located between the attitude indicator and the altimeter is looked at more quickly, appears to lower cognitive workload slightly, and was preferred over a conventional vertical speed indicator.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 2
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    Visual scanning behavior and pilot workload (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper describes an experimental paradigm and a set of results which demonstrate a relationship between the level of performance on a skilled man-machine control task, the skill of the operator, the level of mental difficulty induced by an additional task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning performance. During a constant, simulated piloting task, visual scanning of instruments was found to vary with the difficulty of a verbal mental loading task. The average dwell time of each fixation on the pilot's primary instrument increased with the estimated skill level of the pilots, with novices being affected by the loading task much more than experts. The results suggest that visual scanning of instruments in a controlled task may be an indicator of both workload and skill.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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  • 3
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    In-flight assessment of workload using instrument scan (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: During instrument flight, the pilot obtains information concerning aircraft state by cross checking or scanning the flight instruments. The exact method of scanning the instrument panel varies from pilot to pilot but there are some basic features common to a good scan pattern. The method discussed may be considered a candidate for workload studies with piloting tasks which will invoke a regular visual scan (spatial/temporal pattern of eye movements) during instrument flight. It is important to point out that instrument scan by itself is not a complete indicator of workload nor is task attention necessarily associated with where the pilot happens to be looking at a particular instant. However, whenever instrument scan is required in a piloting task, analysis of scanning behavior may yield important direct or indirect information concerning workload.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and the Practical Assessment of Pilot Workload; p 56-59
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  • 4
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    Visual scanning behavior and mental workload in aircraft pilots (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper describes an experimental paradigm and a set of preliminary results which demonstrate a relationship between the level of performance on a skilled man-machine control task, the skill of the operator, the level of mental difficulty induced by an additional task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning performance. During a constant, simulated piloting task, visual scanning of instruments was found to vary as a function of the level of difficulty of a verbal loading task. The average dwell time of each fixation on the pilot's primary instrument increased as a function of the loading. The scanning behavior was also a function of the estimated skill level of the pilots, with novices being affected by the loading task much more than experts. The results suggest that visual scanning of instruments in a controlled task may be an indicator of both workload and skill.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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  • 5
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    Quantification of pilot workload via instrument scan (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of visual scanning behavior as an indicator of pilot workload is described. The relationship between level of performance on a constant piloting task under simulated IFR conditions, the skill of the pilot the level of mental workload induced by an additional verbal task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning behavior is investigated. An increase in fixation dwell times, especially on the primary instrument with increased mental loading is indicated. Skilled subjects 'stared' less under increased loading than did novice pilots. Sequences of instrument fixations were also examined. The percentage occurrence of the subject's most used sequences decreased with increased task difficulty for novice subjects but not for highly skilled subjects. Entropy rate (bits/sec) of the sequence of fixations was also used to quantify the scan pattern. It consistently decreased for most subjects as the four loading levels used increased.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-169238 , NAS 1.26:169238
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  • 6
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    Instrument scan: Is it an indicator of the pilot's workload? (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: For abstract, see A82-22924.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-169944 , NAS 1.26:169944
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  • 7
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    Workload and pilot eye scanning behavior (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-169915 , NAS 1.26:169915
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  • 8
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    A fast-reacting and versatile optokinetic stimulus pattern by computer graphics with application examples (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer graphics method for the generation of horizontally moving vertical stripes which serve as stimuli for optokinetic nystagmus is presented. The pattern is generated by the successive addition of a constant in a digital register, leading to its periodic overflow. Digital to analog conversion of the register contents results in a staircase waveform, which is converted into a pattern of vertical lines on a CRT. The addition of any number to the reference buffer shifts all lines uniformly, so that the group velocity of the pattern is easily controlled. The computer controlled display allows an accurate realization of a commanded velocity profile with practically no time delay and facilitates study under conditions of variable feedback. The display software can be easily modified to limit stimulation to a selected area of the moving retina, and the method has been used to simulate central scotomata. It is pointed out that the technique, while more accurate, versatile and responsive than a rotating drum device, may be less useful in experiments requiring a wide field display.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-26; Mar. 197
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  • 9
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    MITNYS-II - A digital program for on-line analysis of nystagmus (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital computer program, MITNYS-II, has been developed for on-line analysis of nystagmus which results from visual, vestibular or caloric stimulation. The program accepts sampled records of eye position and yields cumulative slow phase position, slow phase velocity, instantaneous fast phase frequency and other parameters in 25 ms. In this paper the algorithms by which fast phases are detected, and by which slow phase cumulative eye position is extrapolated across the fast phase interval are described. Extensive tests with vestibular, optokinetic and caloric nystagmus yield reliability figures of the order of 2% for false identification of fast phases and missed fast phases. MITNYS-II has been successfully employed to interpret clinical EOG records, examples of which are presented.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-22; May 1975
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  • 10
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    MITNYS - A hybrid program for on-line analysis of nystagmus (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Hybrid computer program for data reduction or on-line analysis of nystagmus during closed loop experiment involving visual and/or vestibular function
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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