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  • 1
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    Io's thermal emission from the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-20
    Description: Galileo's photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument mapped Io's thermal emission during the I24, I25, and I27 flybys with a spatial resolution of 2.2 to 300 kilometers. Mapping of Loki in I24 shows uniform temperatures for most of Loki Patera and high temperatures in the southwest corner, probably resulting from an eruption that began 1 month before the observation. Most of Loki Patera was resurfaced before I27. Pele's caldera floor has a low temperature of 160 kelvin, whereas flows at Pillan and Zamama have temperatures of up to 200 kelvin. Global maps of nighttime temperatures provide a means for estimating global heat flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, J R -- Rathbun, J A -- Travis, L D -- Tamppari, L K -- Barnard, L -- Martin, T Z -- McEwen, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10817987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Darkness ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Filtration ; *Hot Temperature ; *Jupiter ; Photometry ; *Space Flight ; Sunlight ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Temperatures on europa from galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer: nighttime thermal anomalies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: Galileo observations of Europa's thermal emission show low-latitude diurnal brightness temperatures in the range of 86 to 132 kelvin. Nighttime temperatures form an unexpected pattern, with high temperatures on the bright ejecta blanket of the crater Pwyll and an equatorial minimum in temperatures after sunset, uncorrelated with surface albedo or geology. The nighttime anomalies may be due to regional thermal inertia variations of an unknown origin, which are equivalent to a two- to threefold variation in thermal conductivity, or to endogenic heat fluxes locally reaching 1 watt per square meter. Endogenic heat flow at this high level, although consistent with some geological evidence, is theoretically unlikely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer -- Tamppari -- Martin -- Travis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1514-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: Observations of oscillations of temperature and wind in planetary atmospheres provide a means of generalizing models for atmospheric dynamics in a diverse set of planets in the Solar System and elsewhere. An equatorial oscillation similar to one in the Earth's atmosphere has been discovered in Jupiter. Here we report the existence of similar oscillations in Saturn's atmosphere, from an analysis of over two decades of spatially resolved observations of its 7.8-microm methane and 12.2-microm ethane stratospheric emissions, where we compare zonal-mean stratospheric brightness temperatures at planetographic latitudes of 3.6 degrees and 15.5 degrees in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. These results support the interpretation of vertical and meridional variability of temperatures in Saturn's stratosphere as a manifestation of a wave phenomenon similar to that on the Earth and in Jupiter. The period of this oscillation is 14.8 +/- 1.2 terrestrial years, roughly half of Saturn's year, suggesting the influence of seasonal forcing, as is the case with the Earth's semi-annual oscillation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, Glenn S -- Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A -- Fisher, Brendan M -- Friedson, A James -- Parrish, Paul D -- Nelson, Jesse F -- Bauermeister, Amber Swenson -- Fletcher, Leigh -- Gezari, Daniel Y -- Varosi, Frank -- Tokunaga, Alan T -- Caldwell, John -- Baines, Kevin H -- Hora, Joseph L -- Ressler, Michael E -- Fujiyoshi, Takuya -- Fuse, Tetsuharu -- Hagopian, Hagop -- Martin, Terry Z -- Bergstralh, Jay T -- Howett, Carly -- Hoffmann, William F -- Deutsch, Lynne K -- Van Cleve, Jeffrey E -- Noe, Eldar -- Adams, Joseph D -- Kassis, Marc -- Tollestrup, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):196-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MS 169-237, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA. glenn.orton@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Middle infrared thermal maps of venus at the time of the galileo encounter (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: Images of the disk of Venus, taken at wavelengths between 8 and 22 micrometers, were obtained a few days after the Galileo spacecraft's closest approach on 8 February 1990; these images show variations in the thickness of the main H(2)SO(4) cloud deck and the overlying temperature structure. Several features are qualitatively similar to those of earlier observations, such as a hot region at the south pole, surrounded by a cold ;;collar,'' and brightening toward the lower latitudes, where low-contrast banding appears. The collar does have a northern counterpart that is warmer, however. Equatorial limb darkening is quantitatively similar to that of previous observations; fairly constant at wavelengths up to 20 micrometers, where limb darkening increases substantially. In contrast to what was found in previous observations, polar and equatorial limb darkening are nearly the same at most wavelengths. A longitudinal variation is observable that is consistent with a wavenumber-2 behavior and a brightness maximum near local midnight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Caldwell, J -- Friedson, A J -- Martin, T Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1536-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Thermal maps of jupiter: spatial organization and time dependence of stratospheric temperatures, 1980 to 1990 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: The spatial organization and time dependence of Jupiter's stratospheric temperatures have been measured by observing thermal emission from the 7.8-micrometer CH(4) band. These temperatures, observed through the greater part of a Jovian year, exhibit the influence of seasonal radiative forcing. Distinct bands of high temperature are located at the poles and mid-latitudes, while the equator alternates between warm and cold with a period of approximately 4 years. Substantial longitudinal variability is often observed within the warm mid-latitude bands, and occasionally elsewhere on the planet. This variability includes small, localized structures, as well as large-scale waves with wavelengths longer than approximately 30,000 kilometers. The amplitudes of the waves vary on a time scale of approximately 1 month; structures on a smaller scale may have lifetimes of only days. Waves observed in 1985, 1987, and 1988 propagated with group velocities less than +/-30 meters per second.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Friedson, A J -- Baines, K H -- Martin, T Z -- West, R A -- Caldwell, J -- Hammel, H B -- Bergstralh, J T -- Malcom, M E -- Golisch, W F -- Griep, D M -- Kaminski, C D -- Tokunaga, A T -- Baron, R -- Shure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):537-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17838486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-25
    Description: The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keating -- Bougher -- Zurek -- Tolson -- Cancro -- Noll -- Parker -- Schellenberg -- Shane -- Wilkerson -- Murphy -- Hollingsworth -- Haberle -- Joshi -- Pearl -- Conrath -- Smith -- Clancy -- Blanchard -- Wilmoth -- Rault -- Martin -- Lyons -- Esposito -- Johnston -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1672-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉G. M. Keating, R. H. Tolson, G. J. Cancro, S. N. Noll, J. S. Parker, T. J. Schellenberg, R. W. Shane, B. L. Wilkerson, The George Washington University at NASA Langley, MS 269, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. S. W. Bougher and J. M. Babicke, Universi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Observation of shoemaker-levy impacts by the galileo photopolarimeter radiometer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: The Galileo Photopolarimeter Radiometer experiment made direct photometric observations at 678 and 945 nanometers of several comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragments impacting with Jupiter. Initial flashes occurred at (fragment G) 18 July 1994 07:33:32, (H) 18 July 19:31:58, (L) 19 July 22:16:48, and (Q1) 20 July 20:13:52 [equivalent universal time coordinated (UTC) observed at Earth], with relative peak 945-nanometer brightnesses of 0.87, 0.67, 1.00, and 0.42, respectively. The light curves show a 2-second rise to maximum, a 10-second plateau, and an accelerating falloff. The Q1 event, observed at both wavelengths, yielded a color temperature of more than 10,000 kelvin at its peak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, T Z -- Orton, G S -- Travis, L D -- Tamppari, L K -- Claypool, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1875-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17797529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Spatial Organization and Time Dependence of Jupiter's Tropospheric Temperatures, 1980-1993 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: The spatial organization and time dependence of Jupiter's temperatures near 250-millibar pressure were measured through a jovian year by imaging thermal emission at 18 micrometers. The temperature field is influenced by seasonal radiative forcing, and its banded organization is closely correlated with the visible cloud field. Evidence was found for a quasi-periodic oscillation of temperatures in the Equatorial Zone, a correlation between tropospheric and stratospheric waves in the North Equatorial Belt, and slowly moving thermal features in the North and South Equatorial Belts. There appears to be no common relation between temporal changes of temperature and changes in the visual albedo of the various axisymmetric bands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orton, G S -- Friedson, A J -- Yanamandra-Fisher, P A -- Caldwell, J -- Hammel, H B -- Baines, K H -- Bergstralh, J T -- Martin, T Z -- West, R A -- Veeder, G J Jr -- Lynch, D K -- Russell, R -- Malcom, M E -- Golisch, W F -- Griep, D M -- Kaminski, C D -- Tokunaga, A T -- Herbst, T -- Shure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):625-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17752758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    An Adsorption Pumped 3He Cooled ir Detector (1971)
    American Institute of Physics
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    Publication Date: 1971-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Thermal Inertia of Ganymede from 20-MICRON Eclipse Radiometry (1971)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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