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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a complex assembly of proteins associated with the postsynaptic membrane that organizes neurotransmitter receptors, signaling pathways, and regulatory elements within a cytoskeletal matrix. Here we show that the sterile alpha motif domain of rat Shank3/ProSAP2, a master scaffolding protein located deep within the PSD, can form large sheets composed of helical fibers stacked side by side. Zn2+, which is found in high concentrations in the PSD, binds tightly to Shank3 and may regulate assembly. Sheets of the Shank protein could form a platform for the construction of the PSD complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baron, Marisa K -- Boeckers, Tobias M -- Vaida, Bianca -- Faham, Salem -- Gingery, Mari -- Sawaya, Michael R -- Salyer, Danielle -- Gundelfinger, Eckart D -- Bowie, James U -- R01 CA081000/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063919/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063919-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063919-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075922/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075922-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):531-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hippocampus/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neurons/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/analysis ; Solubility ; Synapses/*chemistry ; Zinc/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Autism spectrum disorders comprise a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and by repetitive behaviour. Mutations in synaptic proteins such as neuroligins, neurexins, GKAPs/SAPAPs and ProSAPs/Shanks were identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder, but the causative mechanisms remain largely unknown. ProSAPs/Shanks build large homo- and heteromeric protein complexes at excitatory synapses and organize the complex protein machinery of the postsynaptic density in a laminar fashion. Here we demonstrate that genetic deletion of ProSAP1/Shank2 results in an early, brain-region-specific upregulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors at the synapse and increased levels of ProSAP2/Shank3. Moreover, ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants exhibit fewer dendritic spines and show reduced basal synaptic transmission, a reduced frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and enhanced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory currents at the physiological level. Mutants are extremely hyperactive and display profound autistic-like behavioural alterations including repetitive grooming as well as abnormalities in vocal and social behaviours. By comparing the data on ProSAP1/Shank2(-/-) mutants with ProSAP2/Shank3alphabeta(-/-) mice, we show that different abnormalities in synaptic glutamate receptor expression can cause alterations in social interactions and communication. Accordingly, we propose that appropriate therapies for autism spectrum disorders are to be carefully matched to the underlying synaptopathic phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmeisser, Michael J -- Ey, Elodie -- Wegener, Stephanie -- Bockmann, Juergen -- Stempel, A Vanessa -- Kuebler, Angelika -- Janssen, Anna-Lena -- Udvardi, Patrick T -- Shiban, Ehab -- Spilker, Christina -- Balschun, Detlef -- Skryabin, Boris V -- Dieck, Susanne tom -- Smalla, Karl-Heinz -- Montag, Dirk -- Leblond, Claire S -- Faure, Philippe -- Torquet, Nicolas -- Le Sourd, Anne-Marie -- Toro, Roberto -- Grabrucker, Andreas M -- Shoichet, Sarah A -- Schmitz, Dietmar -- Kreutz, Michael R -- Bourgeron, Thomas -- Gundelfinger, Eckart D -- Boeckers, Tobias M -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 29;486(7402):256-60. doi: 10.1038/nature11015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics/pathology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Dendritic Spines/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Psychomotor Agitation/*genetics/pathology ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-07-25
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Description: Cytosolic accumulation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major neuropathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, the mechanisms involved in TDP-43 accumulation remain largely unknown. Previously, we reported that inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) prevented cytosolic stress granule accumulation of TDP-43, correlating with depletion of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K from stress granules. In the present study, we further investigated the relationship between TDP-43 and hnRNP K and their control by CDKs. Inhibition of CDK2 abrogated the accumulation of TDP-43 into stress granules. Phosphorylated CDK2 co-localized with accumulated TDP-43 and phosphorylated hnRNP K in stress granules. Inhibition of CDK2 phosphorylation blocked phosphorylation of hnRNP K, preventing its incorporation into stress granules. Due to interaction between hnRNP K with TDP-43, the loss of hnRNP K from stress granules prevented accumulation of TDP-43. Mutation of Ser216 and Ser284 phosphorylation sites on hnRNP K inhibited hnRNP K- and TDP-43-positive stress granule formation in transfected cells. The interaction between hnRNP K and TDP-43 was further confirmed by the loss of TDP-43 accumulation following siRNA-mediated inhibition of hnRNP K expression. A substantial decrease of CDK2 and hnRNP K expression in spinal cord motor neurons in ALS patients demonstrates a potential key role for these proteins in ALS and TDP-43 accumulation, indicating that further investigation of the association between hnRNP K and TDP-43 is warranted. Understanding how kinase activity modulates TDP-43 accumulation may provide new pharmacological targets for disease intervention.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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