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  • 1
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    Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein calcium sensors (GCaMP6) that outperformed other sensors in cultured neurons and in zebrafish, flies and mice in vivo. In layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the mouse visual cortex, GCaMP6 reliably detected single action potentials in neuronal somata and orientation-tuned synaptic calcium transients in individual dendritic spines. The orientation tuning of structurally persistent spines was largely stable over timescales of weeks. Orientation tuning averaged across spine populations predicted the tuning of their parent cell. Although the somata of GABAergic neurons showed little orientation tuning, their dendrites included highly tuned dendritic segments (5-40-microm long). GCaMP6 sensors thus provide new windows into the organization and dynamics of neural circuits over multiple spatial and temporal scales.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777791/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777791/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Tsai-Wen -- Wardill, Trevor J -- Sun, Yi -- Pulver, Stefan R -- Renninger, Sabine L -- Baohan, Amy -- Schreiter, Eric R -- Kerr, Rex A -- Orger, Michael B -- Jayaraman, Vivek -- Looger, Loren L -- Svoboda, Karel -- Kim, Douglas S -- T32 GM008042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 18;499(7458):295-300. doi: 10.1038/nature12354.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Spines/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/*chemistry ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Imaging ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Multiple spectral inputs improve motion discrimination in the Drosophila visual system (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Color and motion information are thought to be channeled through separate neural pathways, but it remains unclear whether and how these pathways interact to improve motion perception. In insects, such as Drosophila, it has long been believed that motion information is fed exclusively by one spectral class of photoreceptor, so-called R1 to R6 cells; whereas R7 and R8 photoreceptors, which exist in multiple spectral classes, subserve color vision. Here, we report that R7 and R8 also contribute to the motion pathway. By using electrophysiological, optical, and behavioral assays, we found that R7/R8 information converge with and shape the motion pathway output, explaining flies' broadly tuned optomotor behavior by its composite responses. Our results demonstrate that inputs from photoreceptors of different spectral sensitivities improve motion discrimination, increasing robustness of perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardill, Trevor J -- List, Olivier -- Li, Xiaofeng -- Dongre, Sidhartha -- McCulloch, Marie -- Ting, Chun-Yuan -- O'Kane, Cahir J -- Tang, Shiming -- Lee, Chi-Hon -- Hardie, Roger C -- Juusola, Mikko -- BB/D007585/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F012071/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G006865/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H013849/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):925-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1215317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Vision ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Gap Junctions/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Light ; Models, Neurological ; *Motion Perception ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Opsins/metabolism ; Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian/cytology/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Transgenes ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Compound eyes and retinal information processing in miniature dipteran species match their specific ecological demands (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Compound eyes and retinal information processing in miniature dipteran species match their specific ecological demands [Neuroscience] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-09
    Description: The compound eye of insects imposes a tradeoff between resolution and sensitivity, which should exacerbate with diminishing eye size. Tiny lenses are thought to deliver poor acuity because of diffraction; nevertheless, miniature insects have visual systems that allow a myriad of lifestyles. Here, we investigate whether size constraints result in an archetypal eye design shared between miniature dipterans by comparing the visual performance of the fruit fly Drosophila and the killer fly Coenosia. These closely related species have neural superposition eyes and similar body lengths (3 to 4 mm), but Coenosia is a diurnal aerial predator, whereas slow-flying Drosophila is most active at dawn and dusk. Using in vivo intracellular recordings and EM, we report unique adaptations in the form and function of their photoreceptors that are reflective of their distinct lifestyles. We find that although these species have similar lenses and optical properties, Coenosia photoreceptors have three- to fourfold higher spatial resolution and rate of information transfer than Drosophila. The higher performance in Coenosia mostly results from dramatically diminished light sensors, or rhabdomeres, which reduce pixel size and optical cross-talk between photoreceptors and incorporate accelerated phototransduction reactions. Furthermore, we identify local specializations in the Coenosia eye, consistent with an acute zone and its predatory lifestyle. These results demonstrate how the flexible architecture of miniature compound eyes can evolve to match information processing with ecological demands.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Putting perspective on colorblind cephalopods [Biological Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: Stubbs and Stubbs present a novel visual mechanism based on chromatic aberration that might allow animals with only one spectral photoreceptor-type to perceive color (1) (see ref. 1 for details about their mechanism). The authors chose cephalopods to showcase their hypothesis and claim that discrepancies between earlier (2, 3) and...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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