ALBERT

Description: To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs--the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds--we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386873/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386873/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Richard E -- Braun, Edward L -- Armstrong, Joel -- Earl, Dent -- Nguyen, Ngan -- Hickey, Glenn -- Vandewege, Michael W -- St John, John A -- Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador -- Castoe, Todd A -- Kern, Colin -- Fujita, Matthew K -- Opazo, Juan C -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kojima, Kenji K -- Caballero, Juan -- Hubley, Robert M -- Smit, Arian F -- Platt, Roy N -- Lavoie, Christine A -- Ramakodi, Meganathan P -- Finger, John W Jr -- Suh, Alexander -- Isberg, Sally R -- Miles, Lee -- Chong, Amanda Y -- Jaratlerdsiri, Weerachai -- Gongora, Jaime -- Moran, Christopher -- Iriarte, Andres -- McCormack, John -- Burgess, Shane C -- Edwards, Scott V -- Lyons, Eric -- Williams, Christina -- Breen, Matthew -- Howard, Jason T -- Gresham, Cathy R -- Peterson, Daniel G -- Schmitz, Jurgen -- Pollock, David D -- Haussler, David -- Triplett, Eric W -- Zhang, Guojie -- Irie, Naoki -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Brochu, Christopher A -- Schmidt, Carl J -- McCarthy, Fiona M -- Faircloth, Brant C -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Glenn, Travis C -- Gabaldon, Toni -- Paten, Benedict -- Ray, David A -- 1U41HG006992-2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 1U41HG007234-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5U01HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG006992/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1254449. doi: 10.1126/science.1254449. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ed@soe.ucsc.edu david.a.ray@ttu.edu. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. ; Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Genetic Information Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. ; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Department of Evolutionary Biology (EBC), Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Porosus Pty. Ltd., Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Centre for Crocodile Research, Noonamah, NT 0837, Australia. ; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. ; Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnologico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. ; Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA. ; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. ; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. Center for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717, USA. ; School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90019, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. ; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. ed@soe.ucsc.edu david.a.ray@ttu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Production of massive DNA sequence data sets is transforming phylogenetic inference, but best practices for analyzing such data sets are not well established. One uncertainty is robustness to missing data, particularly in coalescent frameworks. To understand the effects of increasing matrix size and loci at the cost of increasing missing data, we produced a 90 taxon, 2.2 megabase, 4,800 locus sequence matrix of landfowl using target capture of ultraconserved elements. We then compared phylogenies estimated with concatenated maximum likelihood, quartet-based methods executed on concatenated matrices and gene tree reconciliation methods, across five thresholds of missing data. Results of maximum likelihood and quartet analyses were similar, well resolved, and demonstrated increasing support with increasing matrix size and sparseness. Conversely, gene tree reconciliation produced unexpected relationships when we included all informative loci, with certain taxa placed toward the root compared with other approaches. Inspection of these taxa identified a prevalence of short average contigs, which potentially biased gene tree inference and caused erroneous results in gene tree reconciliation. This suggests that the more problematic missing data in gene tree–based analyses are partial sequences rather than entire missing sequences from locus alignments. Limiting gene tree reconciliation to the most informative loci solved this problem, producing well-supported topologies congruent with concatenation and quartet methods. Collectively, our analyses provide a well-resolved phylogeny of landfowl, including strong support for previously problematic relationships such as those among junglefowl ( Gallus ), and clarify the position of two enigmatic galliform genera ( Lerwa , Melanoperdix ) not sampled in previous molecular phylogenetic studies.

Description: Since the recognition that allopatric speciation can be induced by large-scale reconfigurations of the landscape that isolate formerly continuous populations, such as the separation of continents by plate tectonics, the uplift of mountains or the formation of large rivers, landscape change has been viewed as a primary driver of biological diversification. This process is referred to in biogeography as vicariance. In the most species-rich region of the world, the Neotropics, the sundering of populations associated with the Andean uplift is ascribed this principal role in speciation. An alternative model posits that rather than being directly linked to landscape change, allopatric speciation is initiated to a greater extent by dispersal events, with the principal drivers of speciation being organism-specific abilities to persist and disperse in the landscape. Landscape change is not a necessity for speciation in this model. Here we show that spatial and temporal patterns of genetic differentiation in Neotropical birds are highly discordant across lineages and are not reconcilable with a model linking speciation solely to landscape change. Instead, the strongest predictors of speciation are the amount of time a lineage has persisted in the landscape and the ability of birds to move through the landscape matrix. These results, augmented by the observation that most species-level diversity originated after episodes of major Andean uplift in the Neogene period, suggest that dispersal and differentiation on a matrix previously shaped by large-scale landscape events was a major driver of avian speciation in lowland Neotropical rainforests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Brian Tilston -- McCormack, John E -- Cuervo, Andres M -- Hickerson, Michael J -- Aleixo, Alexandre -- Cadena, Carlos Daniel -- Perez-Eman, Jorge -- Burney, Curtis W -- Xie, Xiaoou -- Harvey, Michael G -- Faircloth, Brant C -- Glenn, Travis C -- Derryberry, Elizabeth P -- Prejean, Jesse -- Fields, Samantha -- Brumfield, Robb T -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 20;515(7527):406-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13687. Epub 2014 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA [3]. ; 1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA (J.E.M.); Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA (A.M.C. &E.P.D.); Department of Biology, 2355 Faculty Drive, Suite 2P483, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA (C.W.B.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (B.C.F.). ; 1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [3] Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA (J.E.M.); Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA (A.M.C. &E.P.D.); Department of Biology, 2355 Faculty Drive, Suite 2P483, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA (C.W.B.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (B.C.F.). ; 1] Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA [2] Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA. ; Coordenacao de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170, Belem, Brazil. ; Laboratorio de Biologia Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. ; 1] Instituto de Zoologia y Ecologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Av. Los Ilustres, Los Chaguaramos, Apartado Postal 47058, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela [2] Coleccion Ornitologica Phelps, Apartado 2009, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela. ; Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA. ; 1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. ; 1] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA (J.E.M.); Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA (A.M.C. &E.P.D.); Department of Biology, 2355 Faculty Drive, Suite 2P483, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA (C.W.B.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (B.C.F.). ; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; 1] Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments. Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals and birds, but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes. Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse-more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. The GC content of this lizard genome is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds. We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. An anole phylogeny resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184186/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184186/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alfoldi, Jessica -- Di Palma, Federica -- Grabherr, Manfred -- Williams, Christina -- Kong, Lesheng -- Mauceli, Evan -- Russell, Pamela -- Lowe, Craig B -- Glor, Richard E -- Jaffe, Jacob D -- Ray, David A -- Boissinot, Stephane -- Shedlock, Andrew M -- Botka, Christopher -- Castoe, Todd A -- Colbourne, John K -- Fujita, Matthew K -- Moreno, Ricardo Godinez -- ten Hallers, Boudewijn F -- Haussler, David -- Heger, Andreas -- Heiman, David -- Janes, Daniel E -- Johnson, Jeremy -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Koriabine, Maxim Y -- Lara, Marcia -- Novick, Peter A -- Organ, Chris L -- Peach, Sally E -- Poe, Steven -- Pollock, David D -- de Queiroz, Kevin -- Sanger, Thomas -- Searle, Steve -- Smith, Jeremy D -- Smith, Zachary -- Swofford, Ross -- Turner-Maier, Jason -- Wade, Juli -- Young, Sarah -- Zadissa, Amonida -- Edwards, Scott V -- Glenn, Travis C -- Schneider, Christopher J -- Losos, Jonathan B -- Lander, Eric S -- Breen, Matthew -- Ponting, Chris P -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- BB/F007590/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7366):587-91. doi: 10.1038/nature10390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. jalfoldi@broadinstitute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jarvis, Erich D -- Mirarab, Siavash -- Aberer, Andre J -- Li, Bo -- Houde, Peter -- Li, Cai -- Ho, Simon Y W -- Faircloth, Brant C -- Nabholz, Benoit -- Howard, Jason T -- Suh, Alexander -- Weber, Claudia C -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Li, Jianwen -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zhou, Long -- Narula, Nitish -- Liu, Liang -- Ganapathy, Ganesh -- Boussau, Bastien -- Bayzid, Md Shamsuzzoha -- Zavidovych, Volodymyr -- Subramanian, Sankar -- Gabaldon, Toni -- Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador -- Huerta-Cepas, Jaime -- Rekepalli, Bhanu -- Munch, Kasper -- Schierup, Mikkel -- Lindow, Bent -- Warren, Wesley C -- Ray, David -- Green, Richard E -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Li, Shengbin -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Derryberry, Elizabeth P -- Bertelsen, Mads Frost -- Sheldon, Frederick H -- Brumfield, Robb T -- Mello, Claudio V -- Lovell, Peter V -- Wirthlin, Morgan -- Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz -- Prosdocimi, Francisco -- Samaniego, Jose Alfredo -- Vargas Velazquez, Amhed Missael -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Campos, Paula F -- Petersen, Bent -- Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas -- Pas, An -- Bailey, Tom -- Scofield, Paul -- Bunce, Michael -- Lambert, David M -- Zhou, Qi -- Perelman, Polina -- Driskell, Amy C -- Shapiro, Beth -- Xiong, Zijun -- Zeng, Yongli -- Liu, Shiping -- Li, Zhenyu -- Liu, Binghang -- Wu, Kui -- Xiao, Jin -- Yinqi, Xiong -- Zheng, Qiuemei -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Smeds, Linnea -- Rheindt, Frank E -- Braun, Michael -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Barker, F Keith -- Jonsson, Knud Andreas -- Johnson, Warren -- Koepfli, Klaus-Peter -- O'Brien, Stephen -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Glenn, Travis C -- McCormack, John -- Burt, Dave -- Ellegren, Hans -- Alstrom, Per -- Edwards, Scott V -- Stamatakis, Alexandros -- Mindell, David P -- Cracraft, Joel -- Braun, Edward L -- Warnow, Tandy -- Jun, Wang -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Zhang, Guojie -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM092842/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1320-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1253451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. jarvis@neuro.duke.edu tandywarnow@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn zhanggj@genomics.cn. ; Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier II Montpellier, France. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. ; Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. ; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. ; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. ; Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. ; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. ; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710061, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. ; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. ; Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. ; Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil. Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil. ; Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark. ; Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. ; Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. ; Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050, New Zealand. ; Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. ; Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA. ; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. ; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 199004. Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA. ; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. ; Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA. ; Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jarvis@neuro.duke.edu tandywarnow@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn zhanggj@genomics.cn. ; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. jarvis@neuro.duke.edu tandywarnow@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn zhanggj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. jarvis@neuro.duke.edu tandywarnow@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn zhanggj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jarvis@neuro.duke.edu tandywarnow@gmail.com mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn zhanggj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis , is a freshwater poecilid fish native to the southeastern United States but with a global distribution due to widespread human introduction. Gambusia affinis has been used as a model species for a broad range of evolutionary and ecological studies. We sequenced the genome of a male G. affinis to facilitate genetic studies in diverse fields including invasion biology and comparative genetics. We generated Illumina short read data from paired-end libraries and in vitro proximity-ligation libraries. We obtained 54.9 x coverage, N50 contig length of 17.6 kb, and N50 scaffold length of 6.65 Mb. Compared to two other species in the Poeciliidae family, G. affinis has slightly fewer genes that have shorter total, exon, and intron length on average. Using a set of universal single-copy orthologs in fish genomes, we found 95.5% of these genes were complete in the G. affinis assembly. The number of transposable elements in the G. affinis assembly is similar to those of closely related species. The high-quality genome sequence and annotations we report will be valuable resources for scientists to map the genetic architecture of traits of interest in this species.

Description: Reptiles and fish have robust regenerative powers for tooth renewal. However, extant mammals can either renew their teeth one time (diphyodont dentition) or not at all (monophyodont dentition). Humans replace their milk teeth with permanent teeth and then lose their ability for tooth renewal. Here, we study tooth renewal in...

Description: The coalescent methods for species tree reconstruction are increasingly popular because they can accommodate coalescence and multilocus data sets. Herein, we present STRAW, a web server that offers workflows for reconstruction of phylogenies of species using three species tree methods—MP-EST, STAR and NJst. The input data are a collection of rooted gene trees (for STAR and MP-EST methods) or unrooted gene trees (for NJst). The output includes the estimated species tree, modified Robinson-Foulds distances between gene trees and the estimated species tree and visualization of trees to compare gene trees with the estimated species tree. The web sever is available at http://bioinformatics.publichealth.uga.edu/SpeciesTreeAnalysis/ .