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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of Calcitonin Gene—Related Peptide in the Rat and Human Pituitary Gland Using Immunocytochemistry and in Situ Hybridization (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 657 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22763.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y and the Anterior Pituitary (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48942.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of Phalaris tuberosa for Sheep (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 204 (1964), S. 542-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PHALARIS TUBEROSA is a valuable component of JL some of the improved pastures in south-eastern Australia. However, under conditions not yet fully defined, sheep grazing this grass have sometimes developed a peracute disease which causes sudden collapse and death1-3, or a more chronic syndrome, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/204542a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and Adhesion of Oxide in Furnace Deposits (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1187-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The results show, first, that whether or not oxicles are formed by pre-oxidation in air before the specimens are put into the oil-burning rig, the subsequent growth is similar. Secondly, there is a very large difference between the oxicle growth which occurs when the specimen is exposed to clean ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1881187a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enchytraeid numbers, biomass and respiratory metabolism in a beech woodland - Wytham Woods, Oxford (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 43 (1979), S. 173-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mean annual population density of enchytraeids in the litter and upper 6 cm of soil was found to be 14,590 m-2. Mean individual weights approximated 116, 158 and 151 μg wet wt. in the litter, 0–3 cm and 3–6 cm strata respectively. The mean biomass was estimated to be 1.908 g wet wt m-2. Vertical migration was shown to occur, the upward migration in late Autumn was a response to temperatures in the litter being temporarily higher than those of the 0–3 cm stratum. As a result of upward vertical migration and possibly recruitment, numbers reached a maximum in the litter during Winter. On an annual basis the litter, 0–3 and 3–6 cm strata contained 41.43, 46.44 and 12.12% respectively of the extracted enchytraeids. The equivalent biomass values were 33.18, 52.46 and 14.36%. Total numbers and biomass revealed a general picture of high values in late Autumn to Winter which gradually decreased through Spring and Summer except for a minor peak in May–June. The annual oxygen consumption of the enchytraeids approximated 4.285 l O2 m-2 yr-1 (≡20.461 kcal≡85.610 kJ) and accounted for 1.63% of the total soil metabolism. A production/biomass (P/B) ratio of 4.93 was estimated as was a net population efficiency of 32%. For this site the contribution by enchytraeids to total soil respiration is about one-third that of the earthworms and an order of magnitude greater than that of the nematodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344769
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of GAWK-like immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine cells of the human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and its co-localisation with chromogranin B (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 90 (1989), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary GAWK is a recently discovered peptide isolated from extracts of human pituitary gland and subsequently shown to be identical to sequence 420–493 of human chromogranin B. The distribution of this peptide was studied in human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands using antisera to two portions of the 74 amino acid peptide (sequences 1–17 and 20–38). In addition, the co-existence of GAWK immunoreactivity with other peptides and chromogranin B was investigated using comparative immunocytochemistry. In the gut, GAWK was localised mainly to serotonin-containing cells of the mucosal epithelium, where electron microscopy showed it to be stored in typical electron-dense (250 nm diameter) granules, and to a moderate population of nerve fibres in the gut wall. Considerable quantities of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured in the gut, up to 36.3±18 pmol GAWK 1–17/g wet weight of tissue (mean±SEM) and 12.4±2.9 pmol GAWK 20–38/g. Chromatography of gut extracts revealed several GAWK-like immunoreactive peaks. GAWK-like immunoreactivity was also detected in endocrine cells of pancreas, pituitary gland and adrenal medulla, where the highest concentrations of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured (GAWK 1–17 2071.8±873.2 and GAWK 20–38 1292.7±542.7 pmol/g). Endocrine cells containing GAWK-like immunoreactivity were found also to be immunoreactive for chromogranin B. Our results define a discrete distribution of GAWK immunoreactivity in human endocrine cells and nerves and provide morphological support for the postulated precursor-product relationship between chromogranin B and GAWK. Details of the functions of this peptide are awaited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494359
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry for the investigation of prolactin gene expression in immature, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and ovariectomised rats (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the use of in situ hybridisation together with immunocytochemistry for the study of endocrine cell function, using as an example the expression of prolactin messenger RNA (mRNA) in pituitaries of rats under various endocrinological conditions. In situ hybridisation using a 32P-labelled cRNA probe for rat prolactin was carried out on sections of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed pituitaries from prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and ovariectomised rats and adjacent sections were immunostained for prolactin. Northern gel analysis was performed on total RNA extracts of pregnant, lactating and control pituitaries. While in ovariectomised rat pituitaries both prolactin immunoreactivity and prolactin mRNA were decreased, no differences in prolactin immunostaining were seen between prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant or lactating rats and controls, even when the supra-optimal dilution technique was used. However, using in situ hybridisation, prolactin mRNA signal was increased in prepubertal rats, and with hybridisation and northern gel analysis the signal was reduced in pregnant rats and markedly increased in lactating rats. The combined use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry provides morphological information concerning endocrine gene expression and protein synthesis in the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496588
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are colocalised with classical pituitary hormones and show plasticity of expression (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identity of galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP) immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rat anterior pituitary was investigated using immunocytochemistry and, since levels of both peptides are stimulated by oestrogen, the effect of oestrogen treatment and gonadectomy on the expression of both peptides was examined. In normal male rats, few galanin-IR and very few VIP-IR cells were found. Colocalisation studies performed on 2-μm serial paraffin sections revealed that in these animals galanin IR was present in somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. In normal females in dioestrus many lactotrophs, in addition to somatotrophs and thyrotrophs, expressed galanin, but very few VIP-IR cells were seen. In cryostat sections of normal rat pituitaries, slightly more VIP-IR cells were present. Oestrogen treatment in females produced an increase in frequency of galanin-IR cells, the vast majority of which were lactotrophs, and more VIP-IR cells, identified as lactotrophs, also appeared. VIP was present in a subset of galanin-IR lactotrophs after oestrogen treatment. After ovariectomy female pituitaries resembled those of normal males, with few galanin positive cells none of which were lactotrophs, and hardly any VIP-IR cells. Thus these two peptides are present in specific endocrine cell types of rat anterior pituitary and display plasticity of expression in different cell types under the influence of oestrogen. Their roles in control of pituitary hormone secretion are supported by these findings, and it is possible that both peptides act in a paracrine fashion within the pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315973
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Litter input, litter decomposition and the evolution of carbon dioxide in a beech woodland—Wytham woods, Oxford (1975)
    Springer
    Oecologia 20 (1975), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tree litter fall was measured from May 1969 to April 1973 and varied between 205 and 388 g m-2a-1. Peak standing crops of the ground flora were determined between September 1969 and October 1972 and fell in the range 17.3 to 20.9 g m-2 a-1. Litter losses due to wind action had a net value of 8 g m-2 a-1 and the mean above ground litter input to the soil was 235 g m-2 a-1. Between February 1971 and January 1973 above ground litter loss due to decomposition was calculated from litter standing crop depletions and litter turnover times. It was estimated to be 235.8 g m-2 a-1. Steady state conditions were thus assumed for this woodland. The contribution to litter from dying roots was estimated at 92 g m-2 a-1 and hence the total input of dead organic matter to the site was 327 g m-2 a-1. Soil metabolism, measured as carbon dioxide evolution, showed a significant correlation with temperature and during 1973–1974 had a dry matter equivalent of 342 g m-2 a-1. The difference between the above ground litter input (235 g m-2 a-1) and the dry matter equivalent of soil metabolism (342 g m-2 a -1) was attributed to the decomposition of root litter, root respiration and the respiratory activity of fungal mycorrhizae. Total organic matter decomposition accounted for 95% of total soil metabolism whilst the contributions by root and mycorrhizal respiration approximated 4 and 1%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347473
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nematode numbers, biomass and respiratory metabolism in a beech woodland—Wytham Woods, Oxford (1977)
    Springer
    Oecologia 27 (1977), S. 141-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mean annual population density of nematodes in the litter and upper 6 cm of soil was found to be 368,000 m-2. Mean individual live weight biomass approximated 0.2 μg and mean biomass was calculated to be 74.6 mg live weight m-2. No evidence of seasonal vertical migration between the litter, 0–3 cm and 3–6 cm strata was found and on average these strata contained 21.9, 46.2 and 31.9% respectively of the total number of nematodes recovered. The equivalent biomass values were 26.14, 56.57, and 17.29%. Total numbers revealed a general picture of low densities in spring and high ones in early winter, whereas biomass m-2 was low in late summer — autumn and high in winter. The annual oxygen consumption of the extracted nematodes was calculated to approximate 0.211 m-2 (≈4.0 kJ m-2) but when corrected for the effect of individual biomass (weight specific oxygen uptake) was equivalent to an energy expenditure ≈6.0 kJ m-2 which in its turn, because of the efficiencies of extraction, probably accounts for only 87% of the total energy expenditure by the nematode fauna. The nematodes were estimated to be responsible for a minimum of 0.11% to a maximum of 0.13% of the total “soil” respiration. A production/biomass ratio of 5.16 was estimated as was a net population production efficiency of 36.63%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345819
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