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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XENORHABDUS AND PHOTORHABDUS SPP.:Bugs That Kill Bugs (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 51 (1997), S. 47-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. are gram negative gamma proteobacteria that form entomopathogenic symbioses with soil nematodes. They undergo a complex life cycle that involves a symbiotic stage, in which the bacteria are carried in the gut of the nematodes, and a pathogenic stage, in which susceptible insect prey are killed by the combined action of the nematode and the bacteria. Both bacteria produce antibiotics, intracellular protein crystals, and numerous other products. These traits change in phase variants, which arise when the bacteria are maintained under stationary phase conditions in the laboratory. Molecular biological studies suggest that Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. may serve as valuable model systems for studying signal transduction and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Such studies also indicate that these bacterial groups, which had been previously considered to be very similar, may actually be quite different at the molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.51.1.47
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria of Camponotus species (carpenter ants): systematics, evolution and ultrastructural characterization (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 21 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria inherent to ants of the genus Camponotus were characterized. The bacteria were localized in bacteriocytes, which are specialized cells of both workers and queen ants; these cells are intercalated between epithelial cells of the midgut. The bacteriocytes show a different morphology from the normal epithelial cells and carry a large number of the rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria free in the cytoplasm. The bacteria were never observed in the neighbouring epithelial cells, but they were found intracellularly in oocytes, strongly indicating a maternal transmission of the bacteria. The 16S DNA encoding rrs loci of the endosymbionts of four species of the genus Camponotus derived either from Germany (C. herculeanus and C. ligniperdus), North America (C. floridanus) or South America (C. rufipes) were cloned after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using oligonucleotides complementary to all so far known eubacterial rrs sequences. The DNA sequences of the rrs loci of the four endosymbionts were determined, and, using various genus- and species-specific oligonucleotides derived from variable regions in the rrs sequences, the identity of the bacteria present in the bacteriocytes and the ovarian cells was confirmed by PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. Comparison of the 16S DNA sequences with the available database showed the endosymbiotic bacteria to be members of the γ-subclass of Proteobacteria. They formed a distinct taxonomic group, a sister taxon of the taxons defined by the tsetse fly and aphid endosymbionts. Within the γ-subclass, the cluster of the ant, tsetse fly and aphid endosymbionts are placed adjacent to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. The evolutionary tree of the ant endosymbionts reflects the systematic classification and geographical distribution of their host insects, indicating an early co-evolution of the symbiotic partners and a vertical transmission of the bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02557.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetic evidence for early evolutionary origin of budding peptidoglycan-less eubacteria (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 735-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The three strains of budding, non-prosthecate bacteria investigated share the main characteristics of members of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis group of bacteria6. They were isolated from brackish surface water of the Kiel Fjord, Baltic Sea1. Strain IF AM 1317 (IF AM = Institut fr Allgemeine ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307735a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prokaryote taxonomy online: challenges ahead (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 15-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Following calls for online taxonomic databases encompassing all organisms living on Earth, we wish to point out that extensive taxonomic information on the prokaryotes is already available online. The Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, including names and their ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419015c
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequenced strains must be saved from extinction (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 148-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Many prokaryotic strains used for genome sequencing projects are poorly documented and not generally available. With improvements in sequencing technology and growing recognition of the value of microbial genome sequence data, the number of microbial genome-sequencing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102737
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization of Acidaminococcus fermentans (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 97 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Acidaminococcus fermentans was determined by comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA. This Gram-negative bacterium is a member of the Sporomusa cluster that is defined by other Gram-negative bacteria, i.e. Sporomusa, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Butyrivibrio, Pectinatas, and Zymophilus. The branching point of this group within the radiation of Gram-positive bacteria of the Clostridium/Bacillus subphylum and adjacent to Peptococcus niger could be confirmed. Chemotaxonomic data were provided for a more detailed characterization of A. fermentans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05431.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymerase chain reaction: an epidemiological tool to differentiate between two clusters of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 97 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A primer set designed to amplify the enterotoxin (yst) gene of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains generated two different electrophoretic profiles of the target sequence when a collection of strains of worldwide origin was screened. Serovars O : 1,3; O : 2a,3; O : 3; O : 5,27 and O : 9, known as European strains, produced a 200-bp fragment that matched the size of the target sequence. However, serovars O : 4,32; O : 8; O : 13a,13b; O : 20 and O : 21, known as American strains, generated two fragments of 1.4 and 1.6 kb. The amplified products of one American strain were sequenced and the presence of the yst gene was confirmed in both fragments. Thus, the potential of the polymerase chain reaction to be used as an epidemiological tool in differentiation between two clusters of pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05440.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrorestriction analysis of Desulfurella acetivorans and Desulfurella multipotens (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 159 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The genomes of the phylogenetically and physiologically unique bacteria Desulfurella acetivorans DSM 5264T and D. multipotens DSM 8415T were characterized and compared by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Macrorestriction patterns made of large PFGE separated DNA fragments were generated by digesting the genomic DNAs of both strains with the rare cutting restriction endonucleases ApaI, AscI, EagI, RsrII, SacII, SalI as well as with the intron encoded endonuclease I-CeuI. The sum of calculated fragment sizes from digests of the first six enzymes yielded estimates for the chromosome sizes of D. acetivorans with a mean of 1939.0±26.0 kb and for D. multipotens with a mean of 1864.0±23.0 kb. Within the patterns obtained from EagI and RsrII cleavages the apparent differences could be attributed to DNA insertion or deletion and to point mutation. The single, circular chromosomes of the two strains contain two copies of 23S rRNA genes each. Different extrachromosomal elements were detected in both strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12852.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall teichoic acids: structural diversity, species specificity in the genus Nocardiopsis, and chemotaxonomic perspective (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Data on the structures of cell wall teichoic acids, the anionic carbohydrate-containing polymers, found in many Gram-positive bacteria have been summarized and the polymers of the actinomycete genus Nocardiopsis have been considered from the taxonomic standpoint. The structures of these polymers or their combinations have been demonstrated to be indicative of each of seven Nocardiopsis species and two subspecies, verified by the DNA–DNA relatedness data, and to correlate well with the grouping of the organisms based on 16S rDNA sequences. As each of the intrageneric taxa discussed is definable by the composition of teichoic acids, the polymers are considered to be valuable taxonomic markers for the Nocardiopsis species and subspecies. The 13C NMR spectra of the polymers, data on the products of their chemical degradation, and distinguishing constituents of whole cell walls derived from teichoic acids are discussed, which are useful for identification of certain polymers and members of the genus Nocardiopsis at the species and subspecies level in microbiological practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00578.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of microbial diversity in environmental samples: pitfalls of PCR-based rRNA analysis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 21 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: After nearly 10 years of PCR-based analysis of prokaryotic small-subunit ribosomal RNAs for ecological studies it seems necessary to summarize reported pitfalls of this approach which will most likely lead to an erroneous description on the microbial diversity of a given habitat. The following article will cover specific aspects of sample collection, cell lysis, nucleic acid extraction, PCR amplification, separation of amplified DNA, application of nucleic probes and data analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00351.x
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