ALBERT

Beschreibung: A multitude of somatic genomic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite these important biologic insights, current therapeutic approaches to AML remain limited, particularly in adults ≥ 60. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS)-led Beat AML trial was designed to assess whether a multi-center clinical trial could use genetic profiling to assign patients (pts) to molecularly defined, subtype-specific therapies within 7 days, and to delineate the role of new therapies in the first-line treatment of AML, with the goal of improving outcomes in older pts with AML through the use of mechanism based novel therapies. Pt eligibility included age ≥ 60 years with non-APML AML, no CNS leukemia, no prior hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy and no clinical need for emergent therapy. Eligible pts were profiled using local cytogenetics and next generation sequencing (NGS) assay (Foundation Medicine, Inc.) with all molecular data required for treatment assignment (TA) obtained ≤ 7 days. TA was made centrally using a prioritization schema incorporating cytogenetics [t(8;21], inv(16), MLL rearrangement, complex karyotype ≥ 3 abn) and somatic mutations present in a dominant AML clone with a variant allele frequency (VAF) 〉0.3. If no cytogenetic abnormality or mutation with VAF ≥ 0.3 was observed, VAF ≥ 0.2 was used for TA. The trial opened with 3 arms but currently has 11 treatment arms with 7 novel agents (NA) shown in Table 1. Treatment among different arms include either NA followed by combination of NA + HMA if no response, upfront combination of NA + HMA, or NA + intensive chemotherapy for select groups. Current treatment prioritization and TA based upon enrollment are shown in Table 2. Enrollment began November 2016 with a data cut off of April 30, 2018. At data cutoff, 268 pts have enrolled with a median age of 72 years (range: 60 to 92) and 38% being ≥ 75 years; 43% were female; median WBC was 4.8 x 109/L (range: 0.5 to 194.1) and WBC 〉 50 x 109/L in 9.3%; median Hgb was 8.4 g/dL (range: 3.9 to 15); median platelet count was 61 x 109/L (range: 7 to 649). Of the 268 patients, 210 had AML with TA. 53 pts were ineligible for enrollment, most commonly due to an alternative diagnosis, and 5 pts have a treatment decision pending. All pts had cytogenetic results available by 7 days. We achieved TA within 7 days in 106 of the 109 (97.2%) pts in the feasibility phase, and 200/210 (95.2%) of the overall cohort, meeting feasibility requirements. Of the 10 pts with delayed treatment assignment, 1 pt had suboptimal specimen quality whereas 9 pts had delayed TA due to technical (7/10) or instrumentation failure (2/10). All pts had cytogenetics available by 7 days. TA is shown in Table 2. These data confirm the feasibility of a precision medicine TA trial in newly diagnosed pts with AML. The Beat AML trial is dynamic by design, with different arms opening over time and all trial arms designed to detect for substantive clinical efficacy. As shown in Figure 1, of the 210 eligible AML pts enrolled, 7 pts (3.3%) died during the first 7 days prior to TA, 12 pts (5.7%) received alternative treatments prior to TA and 81 pts (38.6%) received an alternative treatment after TA. At time of analysis, weekly safety calls assessed that 23 pts went on an alternative clinical trial deemed better for them than Beat AML, and 40 pts received other standard-of-care therapies, 13 pts received palliative care and 5 pts were not specified. Special events of interest (disease worsening or progression) were assessed in 19 (9.0%) of pts. Of those going onto treatment, 110 pts (52.4%) received treatment on one of the Beat AML sub-studies. At time of abstract submission, one sub-study had completed phase 2 enrollment with positive results using monotherapy as measured by CR/CRi attainment (Study S3 with enasidenib +/- HMA: 43% CR/Cri rate) and is currently in expansion to further assess efficacy of this NA in newly diagnosed AML. Three additional studies have completed phase 1b dose escalation for combined NA + HMA therapy. An update including overall (for all enrolled pts) survival, sub-study-specific survival, and survival of patients receiving alternative treatment will be presented. Our data support the feasibility of a rapid precision medicine approach in older pts with previously untreated AML. The Beat AML trial is a model for dynamic, mechanism- based clinical trials in blood cancers where genomic analysis may inform, accelerate, and improve drug development. Disclosures Levine: Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Isoplexis: Equity Ownership; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Prelude: Research Funding; Imago: Equity Ownership; Epizyme: Patents & Royalties; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; C4 Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Qiagen: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria; Loxo: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Mims:Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy. Borate:Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Stein:Novartis: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy. Patel:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; France Foundation: Honoraria; Dava Oncology: Honoraria. Stock:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Deininger:Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Blueprint: Consultancy. Vergilio:Foundation Medicine Inc: Employment. Brennan:Foundation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vietz:Foundation Medicine: Employment, Equity Ownership. Druker:ARIAD: Research Funding; Oregon Health & Science University: Patents & Royalties; MolecularMD: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Aileron Therapeutics: Consultancy; ALLCRON: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millipore: Patents & Royalties; Celgene: Consultancy; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; McGraw Hill: Patents & Royalties; Third Coast Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Monojul: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GRAIL: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Beta Cat: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Patient True Talk: Consultancy; Henry Stewart Talks: Patents & Royalties; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cepheid: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center: Research Funding; Vivid Biosciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Aptose Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Beschreibung: Background: Identifying factors that influence donor-derived immune response may ultimately enable its therapeutic redirection, lessening risk for complications following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) like acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and promoting protection against infection and malignant disease relapse. Viral reactivation seems poised to influence donor-derived immune response, potentially disrupting the balance between immune surveillance in eradicating malignancy and infection and immune tolerance in preventing aGvHD. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a clinically-significant virus with immunomodulatory capabilities. However, studies interrogating such effects are limited in the modern transplant era. The primary study aim was to estimate the cumulative incidence of initial CMV reactivation (RA) and aGvHD in alloHCT patients and to assess reciprocal influence between CMV RA and aGvHD. The secondary study aim was to define whether CMV RA predisposed alloHCT patients to infection or increased relapse risk. Methods: Consecutive adult patients (n=324) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplasia whom received initial matched sibling or unrelated donor (MUD) bone marrow (n=33), peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC, n=253) or umbilical cord blood (n=38) grafts from January 2010 through December 2014 at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center comprised the study cohort. Patient-, transplant-, and infection-related data were retrospectively analyzed (Table 1). Initial CMV RA was defined as plasma quantitative CMV PCR≥1000 viral copies/ml for which CMV-directed antiviral therapy was started. Microbiologically-documented infections were recorded for the first year after alloHCT and categorized as bacterial blood stream infection, invasive fungal infection, human herpes virus 6 viremia, and respiratory viral infection. Cumulative incidences of CMV RA and aGvHD were estimated accounting for competing risks (death from any cause). Association between CMV RA and incidence of aGvHD was evaluated in a proportional sub-distribution hazards model, where CMV RA was treated as a time-dependent covariate with competing risk as death from any cause. Similarly, influence of aGvHD on incidence of CMV RA was evaluated where development of aGvHD was treated as the time-dependent covariate and CMVR RA as the end point of interest. Associations between CMV RA and subsequent infection or disease relapse were similarly analyzed. To evaluate impact of CMV and aGvHD on long-term outcomes, landmark analysis (LMA) at D100 and D365 were compared among four distinct patient groups: (1) No CMV RA, no aGvHD; (2) CMV RA, no aGvHD; (3) No CMV RA, aGvHD; and (4) CMV RA and aGvHD. Results: Most transplant patients had AML in CR1, received MUD PBSC grafts following myeloablative conditioning, and were given methotrexate and calcineurin-based GvHD prophylaxis. Patients who developed aGvHD grades 2 (HR=1.93, 95% CI 1.15-3.23, p=0.013) or grades 3 and 4 (HR=3.36, 95% CI 1.76-6.45, p

Beschreibung: Background: Primary malignant disease relapse, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and infection are the most common causes of death following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). We investigated whether infection following initial alloHCT influenced subsequent risk for hematologic malignant disease relapse. Methods: Consecutive adult patients (N=324) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS) who received initial matched sibling (MSD) or unrelated donor (MUD) bone marrow (BM, n=33), peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC, n=253) or umbilical cord blood (UCB, n=38) grafts from January 2010 through December 2014 at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center were included. Patient-, transplant-, and infection-related data were retrospectively obtained. Categories for microbiologically-documented infections included bacterial blood stream infection (BSI), viral reactivation (VRA), invasive fungal infection (IFI), and respiratory viral infection (RVI). Correlation between development of infection and relapse was assessed using multi-variable (MV) proportional sub-distribution hazards models, where infection was treated as a time‐dependent covariate and death from any cause as a competing risk. Landmark analyses (LMA) at D14, D28, D56 and D100, which included only those patients who survived without relapse at the indicated time and infection status as a covariate, were performed to predict future relapse. Results: Most transplant recipients had first complete remission AML, received MUD PBSC grafts following myeloablative conditioning, and were given methotrexate and calcineurin-based GvHD prophylaxis. Following alloHCT, 107 (33%) patients experienced disease relapse. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire patient cohort was nearly two years (703 days). Grades 2-4 acute GvHD developed in 164 (51%) patients, and 145 (45%) patients developed limited or extensive chronic GvHD. One- and three-year overall survival (OS) rates for the entire cohort were 63% and 45%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of infection, overall and by infection type, is depicted in Table 1. Patient- and transplant-related factors affecting development of infection are listed in Table 2. Patients who developed infection post-transplant had future relapse risk that was 46% (HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.80, p=0.003) less than those patients who did not develop infection, regardless of infection type, in MV proportional sub-distribution hazards model analyses. LMA showed similar patterns in reduced risk for relapse following infection. Although not all reached statistical significance, LMA showed reduced relapse risk associated with early infection: D14 (HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.27-1.05, p=0.07), D28 (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.93, p=0.03), D56 (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.90, p=0.01), and D100 (HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.37-1.09, p=0.10). Using infection as a time-dependent covariate, patients with infection had higher risk for infection-related mortality (IRM, HR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.45-3.05, p

Beschreibung: The majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including nearly all patients older than age 60, present with multiple, sequentially acquired, somatic mutations. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for AML patients ≥ 60 with the current standard-of-care is less than 10 percent and the median OS in most genetically defined subtypes is 〈 1 year. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) Beat AML Master Trial is a precision medicine trial for previously untreated AML pts age ≥ 60. Eligible patients are assigned to an interventional sub-study based upon an algorithm incorporating cytogenetic and mutational analysis, all within 7 days of enrollment. The primary objective of this phase 1B/II sub-study is to assess the efficacy of the oral IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib, as measured by overall response rate, in newly diagnosed AML patients, ≥ 60, with IDH2 mutant AML. Pt eligibility included ECOG performance status of 0-2, AST/ALT 〈 5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), bilirubin ≤ 2.0 x ULN, creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN, cardiac ejection fraction of 40%, and no prior chemotherapy for AML or MDS. Exclusion criteria included symptomatic disseminated intravascular coagulation, leukostasis requiring urgent therapy, active hepatitis, or active second malignancy. Patients were treated with enasidenib 100 mg/day in continuous 28-day cycles. Azacitidine (75 mg/m2 days 1-7) was added to enasidenib for patients not achieving a complete remission or complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) by cycle 5, or those with earlier progression as part of a delayed phase 1b study using a standard 3 + 3 design. At data cut off (April 30, 2018), 24 patients were consented to the trial and 23 received therapy. Of these, 18 (78%) had an IDH2 R140 and 5 (22%) had an IDH2 R172 mutation. The median age was 76 (range 62 -84) and 57% were female. Median WBC was 6.0 x 109/L (range .69-30.1), hemoglobin 8.2 g/dl (range 6.8-12.8) and platelets of 66 x 1012/L (range 6-517). 44% of patients had abnormal cytogenetics, including 17 % which were high risk according to CALGB criteria. Of the 23 patients enrolled, there were no deaths within the first 28 days of treatment. A total of 13 pts experienced one or more serious adverse events on enasidenib monotherapy, the most common being differentiation syndrome (n=4), sepsis (n=4), bleeding (n=3, 1 grade 5), elevated liver tests (n=3), and respiratory failure (n=2). Other common adverse events grade ≥3 occurring in 20% or more patients included fatigue, fever, edema, anorexia, low albumin, low electrolytes, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, insomnia and depression. For the 23 patients receiving enasidenib monotherapy, the median time on any treatment (including combination) is 138 days (min=43, max=312), and the median time on enasidenib monotherapy is 110 days (min=43, max=312). CR/CRi was achieved in 43% (7 CR/2CRi) of patients. Of the 6 pts with RAS or PTPN11 mutations, 1 responded. Reasons for discontinuing monotherapy include proceeding to allogeneic stem cell transplant after attaining CR (2), failure to respond to monotherapy (9), CR or CRi with discontinuation (2) or progression after CR/CRi (1). At the time of data cutoff, five pts have died. Five pts with inadequate response to monotherapy proceeded to the phase 1b portion of the study with enasidenib in combination with azacitidine. The combination was generally well tolerated with one DLT (nausea) and no other safety concerns. One patient attained a CRi and four pts have discontinued combined therapy without response. This trial demonstrates the significant clinical activity of enasidenib in previously untreated IDH2 mutated AML patients who do not choose to receive intensive chemotherapy. Enasidenib in this trial was associated with a low early death rate and an acceptable toxicity profile. These results justify further exploration of single agent enasidenib in newly diagnosed AML and of novel combination strategies building upon the efficacy of enasidenib in newly diagnosed AML patients ≥ 60. Disclosures Stein: Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Borate:Novartis: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy. Stock:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Patel:France Foundation: Honoraria; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Dava Oncology: Honoraria. Kovacsovics:Abbvie: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Blum:Pfizer: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Forma: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy; Xencor: Research Funding. Vergilio:Foundation Medicine Inc: Employment. Druker:Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ARIAD: Research Funding; McGraw Hill: Patents & Royalties; Aileron Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center: Research Funding; Cepheid: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Henry Stewart Talks: Patents & Royalties; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ALLCRON: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Monojul: Consultancy; Aptose Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Patient True Talk: Consultancy; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Vivid Biosciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; Oregon Health & Science University: Patents & Royalties; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Beta Cat: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MolecularMD: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Third Coast Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GRAIL: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millipore: Patents & Royalties; Celgene: Consultancy. Levine:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; C4 Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Isoplexis: Equity Ownership; Epizyme: Patents & Royalties; Gilead: Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Loxo: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; Imago: Equity Ownership; Qiagen: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Prelude: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Mims:Novartis: Consultancy; Abbvie Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Beschreibung: Background: The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients age 〉60 years is poor. Rapid pre-treatment identification of molecular disease subsets may allow specific targeting with novel agents, presenting an opportunity to improve outcomes. The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS)-sponsored Beat AML master trial was initiated for previously untreated AML patients ≥60 years, with treatment assignment to a sub-study (S1, S2, etc.) based upon cytogenetics and dominant clone by next generation sequencing; patients with multiple mutations are assigned a sub-study according to variant allele frequency and a predetermined prioritization schema. Methods: Patients within two molecular subsets were selected for a phase 1b/2 dose escalation study (S2) of the Fc engineered (for increased binding to FcyRIIIa) CD33 antibody BI 836858 plus azacitidine (AZA). Group A was comprised of patients with mutations that drive hypermethylation, with potential for enhanced sensitivity to AZA: TET2/WT1 or IDH1/2 (for IDH1/2, if no specific targeting agent available). Group B was comprised of "marker-negative" AML (those not eligible for any available targeted sub-study). Both groups were pooled in the phase 1b portion reported herein. Patient eligibility included ECOG performance status 〈 3, no prior chemotherapy for AML or myelodysplastic syndrome, and preserved organ function. Patients received AZA (75 mg/m2) IV or SQ days 1-7 of 28 day cycles. BI 836858 was given weekly beginning day 9 (provided WBC 〈 10 x 109/L) and monthly once complete remission with or without sufficient blood count recovery (CR/CRi) was obtained. A standard 3 + 3 design for toxicity was used to guide dosing decisions, with consideration of dose level expansion based on toxicity and CD33 saturation. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined by select grade 3/4 toxicities during cycle 1, or failure to recover counts by day 56 in the setting of no residual AML. Results: At data cut off (April 30, 2018) 39 patients were enrolled; 31 were treated with the combination. Eight were not treated with BI 836858 due to failure to start any therapy (3), withdrawal (1), high white blood cell (WBC) count (2), adverse event (1), and early death (1). Median age of the 31 patients was 71 years (range 62-85); median WBC at study enrollment was 5.3 x 109/L (range 0.5-46.7) and platelets 52 x 109/L (range 10-681). Seventeen (55%) were in Group A (9 TET2, 1 with both TET2 and WT1, 3 IDH1, 4 IDH2). Among 27 with known cytogenetics, 16 (59%) were abnormal including 5 (19%) with complex karyotype. Of 31 patients, 8 were treated at 20 mg, 11 at 40 mg, 9 at 80 mg, and 3 at 160 mg. Six patients (3 at 80 mg and 3 at 160 mg) are currently in cycle 1 and have not fully been assessed for DLT or response. One patient had grade 4 decreased neutrophils in the absence of detectable AML at 20 mg and one had grade 3 portal hypertension at 40 mg, which were considered DLTs. Infusion reactions occurred in 5 BI 836858-treated patients, including 3 grade 3/4. Common grade 3/4 toxicities observed included: anemia (45%), febrile neutropenia (36%), hypophosphatemia (32%), hyponatremia (26%), and decreased platelet (42%), neutrophil (39%), and WBC count (36%). Pharmacokinetics of BI 836858 at dose levels 1-3 (20-80 mg) showed proportional increases by dose without trough accumulation at 4 weeks. Blast CD33 saturation by BI 836858 in the blood and bone marrow was not observed at dose levels 1-3. Pharmacodynamic studies of NK cells pre/post dose of BI 836858 demonstrated evidence of activation in a subset of patients. Among 28 eligible patients who received at least one dose of AZA, had adequate follow-up, and did not withdraw consent prior to response evaluation, there have been 5 CR/CRi (18%) and 4 morphologic leukemia free state (14%) responses, to date. Fifteen patients remain on treatment at data cut off. Reasons for discontinuing combination therapy include proceeding to allogeneic stem cell transplant (1), failure to respond (5), progression after response (4), adverse events (5), and patient withdrawal (1). Conclusions: This phase 1b sub-study of Beat AML demonstrates acceptable tolerability and activity of the combination of AZA with a novel CD33 glycoengineered antibody. Dose escalation as part of this sub-study continues, which will allow further assessment of efficacy and toxicity of this regimen in molecularly defined AML subsets. Disclosures Blum: Forma: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Xencor: Research Funding. Mims:Novartis: Consultancy; Abbvie Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stein:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Odenike:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding; Oncotherapy Science: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dava Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI/Baxalta: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ABBVIE: Honoraria, Research Funding; NS Pharma: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding. Patel:France Foundation: Honoraria; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Dava Oncology: Honoraria. Kovacsovics:Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding. Druker:Vivid Biosciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oregon Health & Science University: Patents & Royalties; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; Millipore: Patents & Royalties; Aptose Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center: Research Funding; Monojul: Consultancy; Third Coast Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Aileron Therapeutics: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cepheid: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Henry Stewart Talks: Patents & Royalties; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; ALLCRON: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Patient True Talk: Consultancy; Beta Cat: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ARIAD: Research Funding; MolecularMD: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; McGraw Hill: Patents & Royalties; GRAIL: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Levine:Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Epizyme: Patents & Royalties; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Isoplexis: Equity Ownership; Imago: Equity Ownership; Novartis: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; C4 Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Loxo: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; Gilead: Honoraria; Prelude: Research Funding; Qiagen: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Borate:Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy.

Beschreibung: Background: ENA is an oral, selective inhibitor of IDH2 approved for the treatment (Tx) of patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory IDH2 mutated (IDH2m) AML. Here we report the results of a Phase 2 expansion and Phase 1b of the Beat AML Master Trial Phase 2/1b sub-study to assess the efficacy of Tx of newly diagnosed (ND) IDH2m AML pts ≥ 60 years of age with ENA monotherapy (ENAm) and subsequent response-driven addition of AZA Tx. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03013998). Methods: The study initiated with a 3-outcome, 2-stage Phase 2 design, which enrolled patients on ENAm for up to 5 cycles. Pts without CR/CRi after 5 cycles of ENAm, or progression/intolerance prior to this time, were transferred to Phase 1b to receive ENA + AZA (Figure 1). Key eligibility included ND IDH2m AML pts with age ≥ 60 years and ECOG performance status 0-2. Pts received ENAm 100 mg/day in continuous 28-day cycles and ENA + AZA (75 mg/m2 days 1-7 every 28 days) for Phase 1b. Response was assessed using 2017 ELN AML criteria. The primary endpoint was CR/CRi rate. The 2-stage design required 24 pts and tested the null hypothesis (H0) that CR/CRi rate equaled 20% vs 50% and then expanded to test a revised H0 of 30% vs 50% in 60 pts (conditional alpha=0.025, power=77%). Expansion also allowed further assessment of safety of this treatment regimen. Results: At data cut off (06/18/2020), 60 pts enrolled, received ENAm, and were evaluable for the primary endpoint. Median age was 75 years and 52% were female (Table 1). Median time on ENAm was 4.7 months (mos). At data cut off, 12 pts were still on ENAm Tx. Most common reasons for discontinuing ENAm were Tx failure (defined as no response to treatment) (23 or 38%), disease progression (loss of response to treatment) (7 or 12%) and adverse events (AEs; 6 or 10%). Five pts (8%) went to transplant. CR/CRi was achieved in 28 pts (47%; adjusted 95% CI 28-59, unadjusted exact 95% CI 34-60) (Table 2). Responses were higher (p=0.04) among the 44 pts with IDH2 R140 (55%) as compared to the 16 with IDH2 R172 mutation (25%) further supporting distinct biology between these subsets. After a median follow up of 14.6 mos, the median overall survival (mOS) was 24.4 mos (95% CI 10.6-not reached). The median duration of response was not reached with 12 mos estimation of 57% (95% CI 34-75). Overall, 20 ENA-related serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 15 pts, the most common was differentiation syndrome (12 or 20%) and 1 had ENA-related SAE of tumor lysis syndrome (1.7%). One pt had ENA-related Grade 5 AE (renal failure/death). Most common AEs of any grade (in ≥20%) were nausea, anemia, and low potassium (Table 3). The 7-day/30-day/60-day deaths observed with ENAm were 2%/5%/11%, respectively. Phase 1b: Seventeen pts had inadequate response to ENAm and transferred to Phase 1b to receive ENA + AZA. Median time on Tx (including ENAm) was 6.2 mos and median time on Tx after pts started ENA + AZA was 2.1 mos (Table 2). Most common reasons for discontinuing ENA + AZA included Tx failure (5 or 29%), disease progression (2 or 12%), transplant, death and AEs (each 2 or 12%). CR/CRi was 41% (exact 95% CI 18-67). After a median follow up of 12.7 mos, the mOS from start of ENA + AZA combination Tx was 8.9 mos. Four ENA-related SAEs occurred in 3 pts on ENA + AZA Tx and the most common was differentiation syndrome (2 or 12.5%). One dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 nausea) related to both Txs was observed. Most common AEs (≥20%) of any grade were anemia, low albumin and vomiting (Table 3). One death occurred at day 13 of ENA + AZA. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed pts ≥60 years old with IDH2m AML, ENA had a low early death rate, high CR/CRi rate (47%, adjusted 95% CI 28-59), and yielded durable remissions. The most common unique toxicity with ENA was differentiation syndrome that occurred in 20% of patients. In pts who did not achieve CR/CRi with ENAm, a subset of patients achieved CR/CRi with addition of AZA. This combined approach of serial therapy with ENA monotherapy followed by AZA addition in pts with sub-optimal response resulted in a mOS exceeding 2 years for pts enrolled on study. Further focus on improving response among patients with IDH2 R172 mutations, identifying subsets of pts not responding to ENA monotherapy, and integrating new targeted agents into this treatment regimen are warranted. Figure 1 Disclosures Stein: Syndax: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Biotheryx: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; PTC Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syros: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy. Borate:Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Investigator in AbbVie-funded clinical trials; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Baer:Takeda: Other: Institutional research funding; AbbVie: Other: Institutional research funding; Astellas: Other: Institutional research funding; Forma: Other: Institutional research funding; Kite: Other: Institutional research funding; Oscotec: Other: Institutional research funding; Incyte: Other: Institutional research funding. Kovacsovics:Agios: Honoraria; Astella: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria. Schiller:Astellas Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celator: Research Funding; Constellation: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Actinium: Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding; Stemline: Speakers Bureau; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Deciphera: Research Funding; DeltaFly: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding; Forma: Research Funding; FujiFilm: Research Funding; Gamida: Research Funding; Genentech-Roche: Research Funding; Geron: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Research Funding; Mateon: Research Funding; MedImmune: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Pfizer: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding; Regimmune: Research Funding; Samus: Research Funding; Sangamo: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; Trovagene: Research Funding; Kaiser Permanente: Consultancy; Johnson & Johnson: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Agios: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ono Pharma: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau. Olin:Astellas: Other: Site PI; Genentech: Other: Site PI; Pfizer: Other: Site PI; Daiichi Sankyo: Other: Site PI; Genentech: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy. Foran:Trillium: Research Funding; Xencor: Research Funding; H3Biosciences: Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Actinium: Research Funding; Aprea: Research Funding; Aptose: Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Revolution Medicine: Consultancy; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lin:Trovagene: Research Funding; Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Prescient Therapeutics: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Bio-Path Holdings: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Research Funding; Aptevo: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Mateon Therapeutics: Research Funding; Ono Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Jazz: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Genetech-Roche: Research Funding; Celyad: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Patel:DAVA Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Agios: Consultancy; France Foundation: Honoraria. Foster:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Macrogenics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Druker:Leukemia & Lymphoma Society: Research Funding; Henry Stewart Talks: Patents & Royalties; Iterion Therapeutics (formerly Beta Cat Pharmaceuticals): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Vivid Biosciences: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GRAIL: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Patient True Talks: Consultancy; The RUNX1 Research Program: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Third Coast Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; VB Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millipore (formerly Upstate Biotechnology): Patents & Royalties; MolecularMD (acquired by ICON): Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; McGraw Hill: Patents & Royalties; Merck & Co: Patents & Royalties; Cepheid: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute: Patents & Royalties; EnLiven: Consultancy, Research Funding; Aptose Therapeutics Inc. (formerly Lorus): Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ARIAD: Research Funding; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ALLCRON: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Aileron Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding; Oregon Health & Science University: Patents & Royalties. Byrd:Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Syndax: Research Funding; Vincera: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Janssen, Novartis, Gilead, TG Therapeutics: Other; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Gilead, TG Therapeutics, Novartis, Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding; Kartos Therapeutics: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Other; Janssen: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Gilead, TG Therapeutics, BeiGene: Research Funding. Levine:Loxo: Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; C4 Therapeutics: Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Imago: Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Qiagen: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Prelude Therapeutics: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy; Morphosys: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Isoplexis: Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy; Lilly: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria. Mims:Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Other: Senior Medical Director for Beat AML Study; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board; Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. OffLabel Disclosure: Enasidenib is not approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML.