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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal ferroelectric properties of compositionally graded Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films with LaNiO3 bottom electrodes (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 506-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report abnormal ferroelectric properties of compositionally graded Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on LaNiO3-coated SiO2/Si substrates, where Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and LaNiO3 films were prepared by a metalorganic decomposition technique and a sol–gel technique, respectively. It was found that the hysteresis loops of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 graded films measured by the conventional Sawyer–Tower method shifted along the polarization axis, i.e., they showed polarization offsets when applied by an alternating electric field. The polarization offsets were 82.5 μC/cm2 at 270 kV/cm and 62.5 μC/cm2 at 185 kV/cm for the up-graded film and the down-graded film, respectively. The absolute magnitude of the polarization offsets was closely related to the magnitude of the driving electric field, and the direction of the polarization offsets depended on the direction of the composition gradient with respect to the substrate. Analysis indicated that the polarization offsets did not originate from asymmetric contact effects, oxygen vacancies, alignment of defect dipoles, and/or electron injection. These results showed that polarization offsets in hysteresis loops were the intrinsic characteristic of the compositionally graded Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1378055
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved electrical properties of (Pb, La)TiO3 thin films using compositionally and structurally compatible LaNiO3 thin films as bottom electrodes (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3286-3288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Homogeneous LaNiO3 thin films were grown on thermally oxidized silicon (SiO2/Si) substrates by a sol-gel technique, for the subsequent sol-gel deposition of (Pb, La)TiO3 thin films, under the assumption that the structural and compositional compatibility between ferroelectric films and bottom electrodes could lead to enhanced electrical properties of ferroelectric thin films. In this work, the LaNiO3 films served three functions: the first was used as bottom electrodes for the fabrication of integrated ferroelectric devices on Si due to their low resistivity; the second was used as a seeding layer, promoting perovskite phase formation due to their structural compatibility with ferroelectric films; and the third was to suppress the composition diffusion between ferroelectric films and bottom electrodes due to their composition compatibility. The experimental results demonstrated that (Pb, La)TiO3 films prepared on the LaNiO3/SiO2/Si substrates had excellent electrical properties. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were 1468 and 0.033, respectively. The dielectric constant is rather high among the values reported for (Pb, La)TiO3 thin films. The remanent polarization and coercive field were 4.24 μC/cm2 and 23.2 kV/cm, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1375831
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of semiconductive Nb-doped BaTiO3 thin films prepared by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2017-2019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxially grown semiconductive Nb-doped BaTiO3 thin films with low electrical resistivity similar to that of the bulk single crystal were prepared by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition. Thin films with 1.5–7.5 at. % Nb content showed n-type semiconductor character. The films with 5.7 at. % Nb content showed the lowest resistivity, 2.8×10−2 Ω cm. This value is three orders of magnitude lower than those reported for sintered of Nb-doped BaTiO3, and similar to that of Nb-doped BaTiO3 single crystals. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121251
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Phase Stability in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 Using the Bond Valence Approach (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure stability of perovskite-type compounds has been quantitatively estimated by applying bond valence calculations to Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN). The bond valence calculations revealed that the bond strength between oxygen and cations in the pyrochlore-type compounds is greater than that in the perovskite PMN. It is found that the absolute value of the bond valence sum of oxygen, |VO|, for a PZN single crystal is smallest in reported Pb-containing perovskite-type compounds, corresponding to the fact that it is impossible to synthesize PZN by solid-state reaction under atmospheric pressure. The calculated amount of additives required for stabilizing PZN under atmospheric pressure agreed well with the experimental values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03254.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase Diagram and Microstructure in the ZnO–Pr2O3 System (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The phase diagram of the ZnO–Pr2O3 system with PrO1.83 contents from 0.5 to 98 mol% was studied via differential thermal analysis (DTA). The system ZnOPr2O3 showed a simple eutectic type of phase diagram with no solid solutions and no other compounds. The eutectic temperature was determined to be 1382 ± 5°C. The liquidus line near the eutectic point was determined by a quenching method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02932.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of Varistor Characteristics by the Grain-Boundary Penetration of ZnO-PrOx Liquid into ZnO Ceramics (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Penetration of a liquid (ZnO-PrOx) into the grain boundaries of sintered, cobalt-doped ZnO pellets resulted in varistors with breakdown voltages per grain boundary in the 1-2 V range and nonlinearity coefficients of 22-37. The varistors were fabricated by spreading a thin layer of Pr6O11 powder paste on the surface of ZnO pellets and heating to various temperatures (1200°-1400°C) and times (0-60 min). Comparing the varistor properties per grain boundary (e.g., threshold voltage, donor concentration, and barrier height) of liquid penetration to those of conventional method indicated the individual grain boundaries were electrically activated when the samples were heat-treated above liquid-phase formation temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02203.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colloidal Processing of a Very Fine BaTiO3 Powder—Effect of Particle Interactions on the Suspension Properties, Consolidation, and Sintering Behavior (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relation between the suspension state and the rheological properties, the consolidation, and packing of a very fine (nanosized) BaTiO3 powder has been investigated. The BaTiO3 powder was suspended in a nonaqueous medium by adsorbing fatty acids and a polymeric dispersant, poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid), (PHS), at the BaTiO3/decane interface. Calculated interparticle energies imply that the suspension with PHS adsorbed is colloidally stable, while the suspensions with oleic and octanoic acid can be characterized as weakly and strongly flocculated, respectively. Analysis of settling experiments and rheological measurements at high concentrations confirmed these characteristics. Pressure filtration resulted in nearly identical green body densities in spite of the differences in colloidal properties, but the preliminary sintering experiments and microstructural characterization showed that the strongly flocculated suspension displays a significantly retarded sinterability compared to the colloidally stable and the weakly flocculated suspensions. The absence of a correlation between green density and sintering behavior was explained by considering both the volume taken by the adsorbed fatty acids and the PHS polymer—which can be substantial for nanosized powders—and the state of the suspension. While a decrease in the thickness of adsorbed surfactant or polymer layer will enable a higher particle packing density, such a thin adsorbed layer results in a more strongly flocculated suspension which will resist dense packing. Hence, it is suggested that the green bodies of the colloidally stable and the weakly flocculated suspensions correspond to a relatively homogeneous, but loosely packed, green body microstructure. The strongly flocculated suspension results in a green body with a more inhomogeneous microstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02829.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Colloidal Monolayers of Alkoxylated Silica Particles at the Air-Liquid Interface (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 394-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00002a003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis salt overly sensitive mutants sos2−1 and sos3 −1 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Under salt-stress conditions, Arabidopsis salt overly sensitive (sos) mutants show hypersensitive root growth. The sos gene products are involved in ion transport and signalling processes. To analyse salt-stress-responsive genes whose transcripts are regulated by the SOS signalling pathway, we used a 22K Agilent oligoarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The amounts of transcripts of the major salt-inducible genes (RD29A/COR78, RD17/COR47, COR15A, KIN1, and RD22) in sos mutants were similar to those in the wild-type plants. These results indicate that the SOS3/SOS2 signalling pathway is independent of the DRE/CRT, ABRE, and MYC/MYB pathways. In sos2 mutants, the expression levels of 27 and 48 genes were up-regulated at least double under 2-h and 5-h salt stress conditions, respectively. Among the genes regulated by SOS2, we detected several encoding myb family transcription factors, AP2 transcription factors, and some ethylene-related, auxin-induced, and defence-related genes. On the other hand, expression levels of very few genes were different between sos3 mutant and wild-type plants. This observation indicates that the downstream SOS2 affects the regulation of stress-responsive genes much more strongly than the upstream SOS3. The gene expression profiles of sos2 and sos3 mutants were not identical. This indicates that SOS2 and SOS3 have individual roles in salt stress responses in addition to common roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01363.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 17 (1999), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Plant productivity is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought, salt loading, and freezing. We reported previously that a cis -acting promoter element, the dehydration response element (DRE), plays an important role in regulating gene expression in response to these stresses. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7036
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