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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2865-2873 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: fumarate ; radical polymerization ; addition-abstraction mechanism ; ESR spectrum ; propagation rate constant ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radical polymerization behavior of ethyl ortho-formyl-phenyl fumarate (EFPF) using dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) as initiator was studied in benzene kinetically and ESR spectroscopically. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 60°C was given by Rp = k[MAIB]0.76[EFPF]0.56. The number-average molecular weight of poly(EFPF) was in the range of 1600-2900. EFPF was also easily photopolymerized at room temperature without any photosensitizer probably because of the photosensitivity of the formyl group of monomer. Analysis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the resulting polymer revealed that the radical polymerization of EFPF proceeds in a complicated manner involving vinyl addition and intramolecular hydrogen-abstraction. The polymerization system was found to involve ESR-observable poly(EFPF) radicals under the actual polymerization conditions. ESR-determined rate constant (2.4-4.0 L/mol s) of propagation at 60°C increased with decreasing monomer concentration, which is mainly responsible for the observed low de-pendency of Rp on the EFPF concentration. Copolymerizations of EFPF with some vinyl monomers were also examined. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 563-572 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical polymerization ; ortho-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl ethyl fumarate ; hydrogen abstraction ; cyclic acetal ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of o-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl ethyl fumarate (DOPEF) initiated with dimethyl 2,2′-azobisiso-butyrate (MAIB) was studied kinetically in benzene. The polymerization rate (Rp) at 60°C was given by Rp = k [MAIB]0.76 [DOPEF]0.71. The overall activation energy of polymerization was calculated to be 98.3 kJ/mol. The number-average molecular weight of resulting poly(DOPEF) was in the range of 1000-3100. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of resulting polymers revealed that the radical polymerization of DOPEF proceeds in a complicated manner involving vinyl addition, intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, and further ring opening of the cyclic acetal at higher temperatures. From the copolymerization of DOPEF (M1) and styrene (St) (M2) at 60°C, the monomer reactivity ratios were obtained to be r1 = 0.02 and r2 = 0.20, the values of which are similar to those of the copolymerization of ethyl o-formylphenyl fumarate and St. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 563-572, 1998
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The copolymerization of p-tert-butoxystyrene (1) (M1) and dibutyl fumarate (2) (M2) initiated with dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate (3) was studied in benzene at 60°C kinetically and by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined to be r1 = 0,18 and r2 = 0,01, indicating that homopropagation of M2 is almost negligible in the copolymerization. The copolymerization system was revealed to involve EPR-observable propagating polymer radicals under practical copolymerization conditions. The apparent rate constants of propagation (kp) and termination (kt) determined by EPR show a rapid increase in the range from 0,9 to 1,0 of feed composition (f1 = {[M1]/([M1] + [M2])}) of M1. From the relationship between kp and f1 based on Fukuda's penultimate model, the rate constants of propagation of copolymerization were evaluated; k111 = 140 L · mol-1 · s-1, k211 = 4,3 L · mol-1 · s-1, k112 = 778 L · mol-1 · s-1, k212 = 24 L · mol-1 s-1 and k121 = 19 L · mol-1 · s-1, suggesting a pronounced penultimate effect.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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