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  • 1
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    Coupled chemistry climate simulations of the solar cycle in temperature and ozone. (2008)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using new simulations of coupled chemistry climate models. The results show a secondary maximum in stratospheric tropical ozone, in agreement with satellite observations and in contrast with most previously published simulations. The mean model response varies by up to about 2.5% in ozone and 0.8 K in temperature during a typical solar cycle, at the lower end of the observed ranges of peak responses. Neither the upper atmospheric effects of energetic particles nor the presence of the quasi biennial oscillation is necessary to simulate the lower stratospheric response in the observed low latitude ozone concentration. Comparisons are also made between model simulations and observed total column ozone. As in previous studies, the model simulations agree well with observations. For those models which cover the full temporal range 1960–2005, the ozone solar signal below 50 hPa changes substantially from the first two solar cycles to the last two solar cycles. Further investigation suggests that this difference is due to an aliasing between the sea surface temperatures and the solar cycle during the first part of the period. The relationship between these results and the overall structure in the tropical solar ozone response is discussed. Further understanding of solar processes requires improvement in the observations of the vertically varying and column integrated ozone.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Solar impact on the lower mesospheric subtropical jet in winter: A comparative study with general circulation model simulations. (2003)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The seasonal and interannual variation in the lower mesospheric subtropical jet (LMSJ) and their dependence on the 11-year solar cycle are studied by comparing observational data with simulations by two general circulation models. In the model simulations, a strengthening of the LMSJs is found in both hemispheres during the winter under the solar maximum condition, similar to the observation. However the model responses are substantially smaller except for one case in the southern hemisphere. It is also found that the stronger LMSJ due to an enhanced solar forcing appears during the period which follows an increasing period of interannual variation. Analysis of the observed seasonal march of the LMSJ in each year shows two different regimes of behavior. For a successful simulation, the model should realistically reproduce the observed interannual variability as well as the climatological mean.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Simulations of anthropogenic change in the strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effect of climate change on the Brewer– Dobson circulation and, in particular, the large-scale seasonal-mean transport between the troposphere and stratosphere is compared in a number of middle atmosphere general circulation models. All the models reproduce the observed upwelling across the tropical tropopause balanced by downwelling in the extra tropics, though the seasonal cycle in upwelling in some models is more semi-annual than annual. All the models also consistently predict an increase in the mass exchange rate in response to growing greenhouse gas concentrations, irrespective of whether or not the model includes interactive ozone chemistry. The mean trend is 11 kt s–1 year–1 or about 2% per decade but varies considerably between models. In all but one of the models the increase in mass exchange occurs throughout the year though, generally, the trend is larger during the boreal winter. On average, more than 60% of the mean mass fluxes can be explained by the EP-flux divergence using the downward control principle. Trends in the annual mean mass fluxes derived from the EP-flux divergence also explain about 60% of the trend in the troposphere-to-stratosphere mass exchange rate when averaged over all the models. Apart from two models the interannual variability in the downward control derived and actual mass fluxes were generally well correlated, for the annual mean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 727-741
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: anthropogenic change ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends (2010)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D00M08.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-energy excitations in amorphous polymers (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 5332-5340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to investigate low-energy excitations below 10 meV, inelastic neutron-scattering measurements have been carried out on various organic amorphous polymers at 10 and 50 K and three inorganic glasses at 150 and 295 K. It was found that a broad excitation peak is observed for all amorphous materials in the ω range of 1.5–4.0 meV irrespective of different chemical structures. On the other hand, highly crystalline polyethylene with a degree of crystallinity 0.96 shows no such broad peak, indicating that the low-energy excitation is characteristic of amorphous materials. We have employed an asymmetric double-well potential as a common origin for the low-energy excitation in amorphous materials and analyzed the results of amorphous polyisobutylene to confirm validity of this model and alternatively to determine parameters of the potential. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the inelastic-scattering intensity of the low-energy excitation leads to a concept of phonon-assisted tunneling in the asymmetric double-well potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461647
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study on the feasibility of hot plasmas as stripping media for MeV heavy ions (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4833-4839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The feasibility of using hot plasmas as strippers for low-energy ion beams has been investigated by measuring charge state distributions of 350 keV/u ions (12C,16O,19F) after their passage through a laser-produced plasma target. The plasma target was produced by irradiating a small pellet of lithium hydride with a Nd-glass laser. The profiles of electron densities of the plasma target were estimated from the intensity profiles of an Ar laser refracted by the plasma. The intensities of ions with different charge states were simultaneously measured using a time-resolved magnetic spectrograph. It was found that this plasma can yield higher charge states than conventional gaseous or solid strippers. Results of a numerical analysis are compared with the experimental data to explain the observed stripping capability of the plasma. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1433175
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of exchange interaction parameters by wire width in Cd0.95Mn0.05Te/Cd0.90Mg0.10Te quantum wires (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6701-6703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magneto-photoluminescence from mesa-shaped Cd0.95Mn0.05Te/Cd0.90Mg0.10Te quantum wires were studied. The Zeeman shift of the excitonic photoluminescence from the quantum wires in a magnetic field is significantly decreased, compared to that from quantum wells. This decrease results from the possible reduction of the exchange interaction of electrons and holes with Mn ions in low dimensional structures. In the excitonic photoluminescence of the quantum wires with the width of 50–100 nm, the transient relaxation of the luminescence peak energy due to the excitonic magnetic polaron formation is remarkably less than that in the quantum well. This result shows the suppressed excitonic magnetic polaron effect in the narrower quantum wires. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of high voltage step-up transformer as a substitute for a Marx generator (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2214-2220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of pulse transformer has been developed as a substitute for a Marx generator. In the transformer amorphous metallic cores are utilized with windings of cylindrical conductors. As a result, low leakage inductance is realized with high breakdown strength. The coupling coefficient of the transformer is estimated to be more than 0.99. By using the transformer of winding ratio of 1:3, a Blumlein pulse forming line of capacitance 20 nF is successfully charged up to 270 kV by using a capacitor bank of 240 nF, 90 kV. High speed charging of charging time=250 ns is realized with high efficiency of energy transfer (energy transfer efficiency from the capacitor bank to the pulse forming line was evaluated to be 76%). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148072
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic pulse compressor using saturable transformer to excite excimer lasers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2138-2140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To reduce the load on switching elements in the excitation circuit of excimer lasers, a new circuit has been developed to study the basic characteristics, where a saturable transformer is utilized in the magnetic pulse compressor. We have used a saturable transformer with a winding ratio of 1:4. The initial pulse of 8.5 kV, 2.0 kA, 3 μs was transferred to the output pulse of 34 kV, 8 kA, 109 ns, with an energy-transfer efficiency of 58%. Using a saturable inductor as a charging inductor, furthermore, we have succeeded in reduction of the prepulse of the output voltage and enhancement of the energy-transfer efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143180
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Photosynthetic Cycle and Respiration: Light-dark Transients1 (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 4120-4124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01597a071
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