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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9171
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1971-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1970-03-01
    Description: Recent theoretical results for the turbulent flow of polymer solutions in round tubes have been extended to deduce the similarity laws for the boundary-layer flow of drag-reducing polymer solutions. The analysis shows directly how the drag reduction depends on the elastic properties of the fluid and thereby defines the levels of elasticity necessary to achieve significant reductions in drag. Calculations employing available physical property measurements of highly elastic (0·1%) and moderately elastic (0·01%) polymer solutions indicate that, for boundary layers on large objects, drag reduction may not occur at polymer concentrations that are economically attractive. For example, at a Reynolds number of 109 the reduction in drag is predicted to be 60% and 10% for the concentrated and dilute polymer solutions respectively. Some savings in polymer however, may be realized by special injection techniques or fluid systems with specially tailored properties. © 1970, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1969-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 474-482 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A consideration from a continuum point of view of the state of polymer molecules in solution shows that linear and non-linear functions differ according to the elastic energy content of the molecules. Consequently for large gradients $$\eta (\dot \gamma ) = \alpha \eta '(\omega )|_{\omega = \dot \gamma }$$ and $$P_{11} - P_{22} = \alpha ^2 2G'|_{\omega = \dot \gamma }$$ in whichα is the molecular elongation. The shift in spectra between linear and non-linear behavior, previously determined empirically, is simply related to the molecular elongation. The theory also provides a mechanistic interpretation of the relaxation time in theGraessley theory. The theory predicts any two of the functionsη, η',P 11-P 22 provided one of them is known. If there is negligible influence of the solvent, the theory is in excellent agreement with experimental normal stress and shear viscosity determined fromη′.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 108-116 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine vorangehende Analyse der Konfigurationsphänomene eines Makromoleküls bei Scher- und Dehnungsfließen wird erweitert auf die Voraussage von viskoelastischen Effekten. Bei Scherung stellen qualitative Vergleiche der viskoelastischen Funktionen eines Modells das Verhalten des realen Materials korrekt über den ganzen Bereich der Deformationsgeschwindigkeiten dar. Beim Dehnungsfließen, das einen strengen Test der Verallgemeinerung des Modells darstellt, werden sehr hochviskose und sehr starke Orientierungseffekte vorausgesagt. Die Ergebnisse für das Dehnungsfließen dürften, obgleich sie bisherigen Theorien, die auf dem Brechen von Netzwerken basieren, widersprechen, doch als realistisch im Hinblick auf die erfolgreichen Voraussagen über die normalen viskoelastischen Funktionen angesehen werden.
    Notes: Summary A previous analysis of configurational phenomena of a macromolecule in shear and elongational flows has been extended to include predictions of viscoelastic effects. In shear flow qualitative comparisons of the viscoelastic functions show the model correctly predicts the behavior of real materials over the entire range of deformation rates that are likely to be of practical interest. In elongational flow, which provides a severe test of the generality of the model, very large viscous and orientation effects are predicted. The results for elongational flow, although disagreeing with recent theories based on network rupture arguments, are believed realistic in view of the successful predictions of the ordinary viscoelastic functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 243 (1971), S. 32-41 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Grundüberlegung vonRouse, daß Polymermoleküle aus n-Reibungszentren in einem sphärischen Bereich bestehen, wird ein neues Modell entwickelt, das die molekularen Konfigurationsphänomene beschreibt. Ursprünglich nimmt das Modell an, daß bei einfacher Scherung die Reibungszentren sich entlang der Oberfläche einer Ellipse bewegen, die eine feste Orientierung relativ zur Fießrichtung aufrechterhalten. Die Orientierung und die Maße der Ellipse werden durch das Fließfeld und die Steifheit des Makromoleküls bestimmt. Die Rechnungen weisen darauf hin, daß das Nettoergebnis, obgleich stark abweichend in der Geschwindigkeit der Rotation und der Dissipation, wie sie verursacht wird durch die Reibungszentren, die mit ihrer Entwicklung entlang der stark verlängerten Ellipse auftreten, wenig von denjenigen Berechnungen abweicht, die im wesentlichen differentielle Deformationen der Makromoleküle annehmen. Gemeinsam mit einer Zahl anderer Untersuchungen sagt das Modell hohe Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Dehnungsviskosität voraus. Obgleich diese Voraussagen für Längsfluß als halbquantitativ betrachtet werden müssen, so konzentrieren sie das Interesse auf wichtige molekulare Parameter und lassen ahnen, wo weitere Untersuchungen für große Deformationen von Makromolekülen aufgegriffen werden sollten.
    Notes: Summary Starting from the basic notion ofRouse that a polymer molecule consists of n-friction centers in a spherical array, a new model describing molecular configurational phenomena is developed. Basically the model assumes that in simple shear the friction centers move along the surface of an ellipse which maintains a fixed orientation relative to the flow direction. The orientation and dimensions of the ellipse are determined by the flow field and basic stiffness of the macromolecule. The calculations indicate that although gross deviations occur in the rate of rotation and in the dissipation caused by the friction centers moving along a highly elongated ellipse, the net result deviates little from those calculations assuming essentially differential deformations of the macromolecule. In common with a number of other studies, the model predicts a highly rate sensitive elongational viscosity. Although these predictions for elongational flow should be viewed as semi-quantitative, they do focus attention on the important molecular parameters and thereby suggest areas where future work is necessary to define in greater detail the response of the molecules to large deformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 13 (1974), S. 602-607 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have considered the optimal conditions for the determinations of relaxation spectra. The numerical process should be based on a well-posted method and should be free of artificial stability conditions. Such artificial conditions are those which restrict or prescribe the shape of the spectra. From the practical point of view we found that simple numerical processes which do not contain matrix inversion are convenient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 426-434 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis based on the Townsend-Bakewell model of the eddies in the wall regions of turbulent shear flows shows that viscoelastic fluid properties must lead to significant reductions in the rate of production of turbulent energy. This analysis in turn leads to the proper form of the similarity laws for drag reducing fluids, heretofore deduced empirically.Measurements of the axial and radial turbulence intensities for flow through smooth round tubes are reported, as are measurements of the time-averaged velocity profiles and the drag coefficients. These indicate that for solutions exhibiting drag reduction at all Reynolds numbers the flow may be transitional to Reynolds numbers of the order of 105. This transitional flow consists of alternating patches of laminar and turbulent fluid, within each of which the flow characteristics are approximately similar to those of Newtonian fluids. At high Reynolds number conditions with the turbulent field fully developed the velocity profile in the core is flatter under drag-reducing conditions than for turbulent Newtonian fluids, a change dependent on the increased isotropy of the turbulent field of the drag-reducing fluid. These effects appear to be a result of increases in the time scales of the radial fluctuations caused by the fluid properties.Design calculations based upon the present results suggest that in large diameter pipelines, or in boundary layers on large objects, drag reduction may not be attainable under conditions of practical interest until fluids having relaxation times an order of magnitude larger than those presently available, but with comparable viscosity levels, are developed or, alternately, until fluids exhibiting Weissenberg numbers which do not change with deformation rate, can be found.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 423-439 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Owing to its simplicity and general ability to correctly portray a number of important flow phenomena, the two-parameter Maxwell model has been employed in a number of important engineering studies. The relation of this equation to linear viscoelasticity and to some molecular theories is considered. A new rule is developed which shows how the shear-dependent relaxation time and viscosity of the Maxwell model can be determined from linear viscoelastic parameters. It is thus shown that the two-parameter Maxwell model may be more general than earlier anticipated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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