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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic state vector model for cell killing by ionizing radiation (1977)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 14 (1977), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary By use of the mechanistic state vector model (MSV model) it is demonstrated that under circumstances where cell division during irradiation is unlikely: 1. A cell survival curve (dose-log surviving fraction curve) that is exponential can be obtained even though some of the surviving cells may have nonlethal damage. Exponential survival curves are said to have zero curvature. 2. In some cases, in the absence of a mixed population, the slope of a single-dose survival curve may decrease in magnitude, as the dose increases for a range of doses. These curves are said to show negative curvature for that range of doses. Fractionating the dose or decreasing the dose rate may result in enhanced cell killing. 3. The initial slope of a mammalian cell survival curve should be independent of the dose rate and number of dose fractions provided that the number of cells having lethal damage builds up to a steady state level during the post irradiation time regime. The magnitude of the initial slope will depend on properties of the cells and on properties of the radiation. 4. A nonzero initial slope in the cell survival curve, after exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, may be due to biology, rather than physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323939
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for early death caused by radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis after inhaling insoluble radioactive particles (1980)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 42 (1980), S. 447-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Large radiation doses to the lung can cause early death from cardiopulmonary insufficiency resulting from radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. A model for early death following inhalation of insoluble radioactive particles is propose. The model is based on three assumptions: (1) early death results from damage to a cluster of cells from a large number of cell clusters at risk, (2) the dose that causes early death depends on how the radiation is delivered in time and (3) the cell clusters at risk to damage are equally sensitive ro radiation. Results from asymptotic theory of extreme values, along with biophysical considerations, suggest that the cumultive distribution function for the absorbed radiation dose to the production of pulmonary injury sufficient to cause early death is best estimated by the third asymptotic distribution without a threshold. This distribution function is identical to the Weibull cumulative distribution function. Data for Beagle dogs after inhaling relatively insoluble forms of alpha- or beta-gamma-emitting particles are shown to support the Weibull model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460795
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dose-response model for estimating lifetime tumor risks when cell killing occurs (1981)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 43 (1981), S. 487-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A model is described in which damage to a single intracellular locus can lead to a tumorigenic transformation. Assuming a large number of independent intracellular loci to be at risk and assuming that damage to a locus sufficient to cause a tumorigenic transformation occurs with probability greater than zero for all doses greater than zero, leads to the use of the Weibull distribution to characterize the probability of a nonspontaneous tumorigenic cellular transformation occurring after exposure to a given dose of carcinogen. The excess lifetime tumor incidence (i.e., the proportion of tumor bearers) above the spontaneous incidence is used as an estimate of the non-spontaneous incidence and is characterized by a tumor incidence function that represents the probability of occurrence of one or more non-spontaneous tumorigenic cellular transformations amongN(D) independent surviving cells per individual, after exposure to a doseD of carcinogen. The tumor incidence function is fitted to published data for the excess tumor incidence after exposure of animals or humans to ionizing radiation and after exposure of animals to chemical carcinogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459435
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical models for estimating dose-effect relationships after combined exposure to cytotoxicants (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 323-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Two classes of dose-effect models for cell killing (additive damage and independent effects) are developed under alternative hypotheses about the damage that leads to cell death. Generalized models, along with specific models for cell killing after exposure to a specific cytotoxicant, are used to make predictions about the effects of sequential or simultaneous exposure to different cytotoxicants. It is demonstrated that with the additive damage models developed one can adequately account for the combined effects of the cytotoxicants considered. Theoretical results are presented which suggest that after simultaneous exposure of cells to low total doses (〈0.1 Gy) of different ionizing radiations, use of the conventional relative biological effectiveness approach to predict cell killing risks is unnecessary; cell killing risks can adequately be determined by assuming the effects of the different radiations to be independent. Also, for simultaneous exposure of cells to total doses of different radiations much larger than 0.1 Gy, use of the conventional RBE approach to arrive at cell killing risk could lead to overestimation of the risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459396
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic activity of soils amended with two refinery wastes (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 29 (1986), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The mutagenic potential of the acid, base, and neutral fractions of petroleum sludge amended soil was determined using the Salmonella/microsome assay and Aspergillus methionine assay. Organic compounds were extracted from two different soils amended with either storm-water runoff impoundment or combined API-separator/slop-oil emulsion solids waste. Application of either waste to soil reduced the mutagenic activity of organic compounds extracted from equal weights of soil. However, biodegradation increased both the total and the direct-acting mutagenicity of all fractions residual in the waste-amended soil. The maximum level of mutagenic activity per milligram residual C was detected in the sample collected 360 days after waste application for the acid and base fractions from the storm-water runoff impoundment amended soils and the acid, base, and neutral fractions of the combined API separator/slop-oil emulsion waste amended soils. A comparison of the results based on equivalent weights of soil indicates that the mutagenic potential of both wastes was reduced by soil incorporation. The results from the Salmonella assay indicate that while the bulk of the solvent extractable organics in both wastes was rendered non-mutagenic, the mutagenic potential of the organic compounds in the acid fraction from the storm-water runoff impoundment sludge amended soil was increased. The results from the Aspergillus assay of both wastes indicate that the mutagenic potential of all three fractions was eventually reduced to a level that would be considered non-mutagenic. Thus, while degradation may have increased the mutagenic potential of specific organic compounds that were residual in the soil, the overall effect of degradation was to reduce the weighted activity of the waste amended soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149325
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  • 6
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    Archaeal dUTPase enhances PCR amplifications with archaeal DNA polymerases by preventing dUTP incorporation (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-08
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Mutagenic activity of soils amended with two refinery wastes (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0049-6979
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2932
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Bacterial mutagenicity and acute toxicity of solvent and aqueous extracts of soil samples from an abandoned chemical manufacturing site (1991)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0730-7268
    Electronic ISSN: 1552-8618
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    An experimental evaluation of apparent strain from foil strain gauges attached to carbon composite substrates (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An experimental evaluation of apparent thermal strains is conducted using various combinations of substrate/gauge/attachment structure and redundant high temperature extensometry. It is found that the extensometry could either confirm independent measurements of the substrate's thermal expansion, or quantify nonzero mechanical strains resulting from uncertain material behavior and boundary conditions. Apparent strain and thermal expansion behavior data can then be used to modify the raw strain measurements in order to determine either stress producing or total strains. Limitation of the correction procedure for the three selected strain gauges is noted which is due to relatively large gauge/attachment variability.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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