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  • 1
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    DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk biochemical experiments to determine how Cas9-RNA interrogates DNA to find specific cleavage sites. We show that both binding and cleavage of DNA by Cas9-RNA require recognition of a short trinucleotide protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). Non-target DNA binding affinity scales with PAM density, and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and proceed directionally towards the distal end of the target sequence. Furthermore, PAM interactions trigger Cas9 catalytic activity. These results reveal how Cas9 uses PAM recognition to quickly identify potential target sites while scanning large DNA molecules, and to regulate scission of double-stranded DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106473/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106473/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sternberg, Samuel H -- Redding, Sy -- Jinek, Martin -- Greene, Eric C -- Doudna, Jennifer A -- GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073794/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM066698/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 6;507(7490):62-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13011. Epub 2014 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]. ; 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [4] Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24476820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoenzymes/metabolism ; *Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; CRISPR-Associated Proteins/*metabolism ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/*genetics ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Cleavage ; Diffusion ; Endonucleases/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Genome/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleotide Motifs ; RNA/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Streptococcus pyogenes/enzymology/immunology ; Substrate Specificity ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    DNA RECOMBINATION. Base triplet stepping by the Rad51/RecA family of recombinases (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: DNA strand exchange plays a central role in genetic recombination across all kingdoms of life, but the physical basis for these reactions remains poorly defined. Using single-molecule imaging, we found that bacterial RecA and eukaryotic Rad51 and Dmc1 all stabilize strand exchange intermediates in precise three-nucleotide steps. Each step coincides with an energetic signature (0.3 kBT) that is conserved from bacteria to humans. Triplet recognition is strictly dependent on correct Watson-Crick pairing. Rad51, RecA, and Dmc1 can all step over mismatches, but only Dmc1 can stabilize mismatched triplets. This finding provides insight into why eukaryotes have evolved a meiosis-specific recombinase. We propose that canonical Watson-Crick base triplets serve as the fundamental unit of pairing interactions during DNA recombination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580133/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580133/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Ja Yil -- Terakawa, Tsuyoshi -- Qi, Zhi -- Steinfeld, Justin B -- Redding, Sy -- Kwon, YoungHo -- Gaines, William A -- Zhao, Weixing -- Sung, Patrick -- Greene, Eric C -- CA146940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA146940/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES015252/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES015252/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):977-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Department of Biophysics, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan. ; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ecg2108@cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Homologous Recombination ; Humans ; Meiosis ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rad51 Recombinase/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rec A Recombinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COGNITION AS AN ASPECT OF CULTURE AND ITS RELATION TO MANAGEMENT PROCESSES: AN EXPLORATORY VIEW OF THE CHINESE CASE (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 17 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1980.tb00080.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of managerial ideology among overseas Chinese owner — Managers (1987)
    Springer
    Asia Pacific journal of management 4 (1987), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9958
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Managerial ideology is seen as a means of investigating a number of critical features of the organizational form common in East Asia known as the Chinese family business. In particular, it is important to understand the mental processes which lead to high levels of cooperation in organizations. This cooperation is likely to be based on a perception of legitimacy of power which may be special to the overseas Chinese culture. The paper explores this notion and presents the outline of a theory of Chinese capitalism. To understand it requires a reconstruction of the reasons why Chinese executives behave as they do. Such reason can only be understood in terms of the actors' description of them; and the proposed research is aimed at discovering these reasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732386
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research on asian cultures and management: Some epistemological issues (1987)
    Springer
    Asia Pacific journal of management 5 (1987), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9958
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper highlights the major issues raised in the conference “Culture and Management Styles in Southeast Asian countries” and discusses the espistomological and methodological problems of doing comparative management research in general as well as in the region. The paper identifies the themes which emerged from the conference discussions as (1) the fundamental rationale for research and the apparent weakness in making it explicit, (2) the questions of epistomology as regards causation, and the (3) more ‘mundane’ issues faced in conforming to standard research paradigms. These issues are discussed under the following headings: “What is to be included,” “subjects' espoused theory or theory in use,” “idiographic versus nomothetic approaches,” “more universal variables,” “problems of defining culture.” The implications and significance of different approaches and disciplines concerning these issues are considered, and guidelines for future research in the area are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712578
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participative management and its varying relevance in Hong Hong and Singapore (1986)
    Springer
    Asia Pacific journal of management 3 (1986), S. 76-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9958
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract First, the process whereby developing countries become developed is discussed in terms of complexity, neutrality in social relations, and the achievement ethic. An examination of managerial attitudes in eight South-East Asian countries is followed by the results of a comparative study of manufacturing industry in Hong Kong and Singapore. It was concluded that in Singapore participation leads to higher productivity (rs 0.71, p〈0.05) but only because the context is mainly foreign. This relationship was not found in Hong Kong probably because Hong Kong enterprises remain non-bureaucratic, i.e. non-western. A more participative style of management requires radical changes in non-managers' expectations of their employers, as well as a significant increase in the extent to which superiors trust their subordinates. The evidence suggests that Asian managers (except those in Japan and, possibly, Singapore) favour an autocractic approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733215
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  • 7
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    Single-molecule imaging reveals target-search mechanisms during DNA mismatch repair (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-24
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Visualizing DNA mismatch repair [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: The ability of proteins to locate specific targets among a vast excess of nonspecific DNA is a fundamental theme in biology. Basic principles governing these search mechanisms remain poorly understood, and no study has provided direct visualization of single proteins searching for and engaging target sites. Here we use the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Control of coherent backscattering by breaking optical reciprocity (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-23
    Description: Author(s): Y. Bromberg, B. Redding, S. M. Popoff, and H. Cao Reciprocity is a universal principle that has a profound impact on many areas of physics. A fundamental phenomenon in condensed-matter physics, optical physics, and acoustics, arising from reciprocity, is the constructive interference of quantum or classical waves which propagate along time-reversed… [Phys. Rev. A 93, 023826] Published Thu Feb 18, 2016
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Northwest Atlantic mackerel population structure evaluated using otolith δ18O composition (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-28
    Description: The Northwest Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) population is comprised of northern and southern contingents, each with distinct natal regions in the United States and Canada. We tested hypotheses on natal origin and contingent mixing by analysing natal otolith δ18O values, evaluating the approach through an out-group comparison with the Northeast Atlantic population. Otolith δ18O values varied according to expectations between the Northeast (higher) and the Northwest (lower) Atlantic basins, and between contingents within the Northwest Atlantic stock, although contingent differences varied between years. Most adults (age-3+ years) sampled from US waters (1999–2003) represented the northern contingent (Canadian spawning site). The confirmation of the seasonal mixing of older and larger fish between the two contingents provides support and justification for the development of bi-national (United States–Canada) assessment and management of Northwest Atlantic mackerel.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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